Deck 7: Change: a Focus on Adaptability and Resiliency

Question 1

The Reagan administration's erasing of the distinction between commercial and investment banks ultimately contributed to the economic meltdown of 2008.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Skipping steps is a major cause of problems in the Gestalt cycle.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Optimists perceive bad situations as welcome challenges and opportunities for learning.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Incremental approaches to change include tuning and adaptation.

Question 5

When a worker does only what the manager orders,he is engaging in active resistance.

Question 6

Vaill's perspective sees change as the status quo that managers must face.

Question 7

The parasympathetic nervous system is activated by negative emotional attractors.

Question 8

Lewin's force field analysis sees permanent change as frozen into place.

Question 9

According to Shea's model,a bomb is something that is not important,but you should spend time with it.

Question 10

Bottom-up changes sometimes originate from managers.

Question 11

Human beings are hardwired to notice dramatic changes more than gradual changes.

Question 12

The regions of the world where economic growth is highest are the West and the South.

Question 13

Stage 1 of Kotter's model requires leaders to create a new strategic vision.

Question 14

Subprime lending involves giving mortgages to individuals who wouldn't normally qualify for a loan.

Question 15

The ability to deal with change is a critical skill in today's world.

Question 16

African Americans earn 25 percent more than Whites,and 43 percent more than Latinos.

Question 17

Throughout human history,change has been rapid and constant.

Question 18

The long tail refers to a product that appeals to a small proportion of a very large population.

Question 19

Managers can typically expect to stay in their job for about five years.

Question 20

Patagonia is a nonprofit company that promotes environmental stewardship.

Question 21

Today,the fastest growing economies are in ________.

A) Europe and North America
B) the South and West
C) Africa and South America
D) the South and East

Question 22

After the global slowdown in 2008,growth rates in India and China ________ those in the United States and Canada.

A) fell behind
B) were equal to
C) stayed slightly ahead of
D) stayed far ahead of

Question 23

General Electric used an anticipatory approach to gain a major market share in the production of ________.

A) automobile engines
B) wind turbines
C) nuclear power plants
D) fuel-efficient cars

Question 24

Throughout most of human history,change has been ________.

A) sudden and dramatic
B) constant and dramatic
C) gradual and infrequent
D) constant and gradual

Question 25

In marketing,the "long tail" refers to selling to an extremely ________.

A) small segment of a very large market
B) large segment of a very large market
C) small segment of a very small market
D) large segment of a moderately-sized market

Question 26

Patagonia is seen as special because it is a company that can make a good profit and ________.

A) dominate its market
B) appeal to people of all age groups
C) promote sustainable business practices
D) be doubtful about climate change

Question 27

What produces optimal change when leading employees through the Gestalt cycle?

A) being aware of feelings before changing
B) conscious, continuous movement through the cycle
C) seeking employees' trust up front
D) experimenting and taking risks

Question 28

Which of the following is an incremental and anticipatory approach to change?

A) tuning
B) adaptation
C) reorientation
D) re-creation

Question 29

Which of the following describes the most common reaction to change?

A) fear, resentment, and anxiety
B) excitement, exhilaration
C) indifference
D) a mixture of emotions

Question 30

Which approach to change is both strategic and reactive?

A) tuning
B) adaptation
C) reorientation
D) re-creation

Question 31

Joan Snyder Kuhl of Forest Laboratories has simple advice for leading organizations through change.What is it?

A) prioritize people
B) cater to egos
C) express all types of emotion
D) respect organizational boundaries

Question 32

Which statement is TRUE about women's earnings?

A) Women generally earn more money than men.
B) Asian women generally earn more money than Asian men.
C) Women generally earn about the same amount of money as men.
D) Women generally earn less money than men.

Question 33

Having a diverse work force usually ________.

A) improves decision making by widening perspective
B) has no effect on decision making
C) improves decision making by narrowing perspective
D) downgrades decision making by widening perspective

Question 34

Diversity can improve business for a company by allowing companies to develop ________.

A) mainstream markets
B) niche markets
C) lost markets
D) broad markets

Question 35

Like frogs,human beings are hardwired to take notice of ________ changes.

A) incremental
B) gradual
C) dramatic
D) extremely slow

Question 36

Managers today typically stay in the same job for about ________ years.

A) two
B) five
C) ten
D) twenty

Question 37

Which group enjoys the highest average earning across occupations working full-time in the United States?

A) Asian Americans
B) Whites
C) Latinos
D) African Americans

Question 38

Companies such as KFC acknowledge diversity by ________.

A) selling the same products in different markets around the world
B) selling different products that cater to different markets around the world
C) requiring managers to be multi-ethnic
D) insisting that all managers speak at least two languages

Question 39

Which is the only place in the world where the majority of the population is under 25 years of age?

A) India and Pakistan
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Brazil
D) China

Question 40

Women make up what fraction of the total workforce?

A) about half
B) less than half
C) a little more than half
D) about three-fifths

Question 41

Which of the following does NOT explain why pharmaceutical companies are changing their business model?

A) Blockbuster drugs are lucrative.
B) Blockbuster drugs take a long time to develop.
C) Patents for blockbuster drugs run out after a few years.
D) Blockbuster drugs are socially responsible.

Question 42

The economic crisis that began in 2007 was largely the result of a ________.

A) number of incremental changes
B) few enormous changes
C) single incremental change
D) Democratic administration

Question 43

Which of the following was NOT a feature of subprime lending in the housing market in 2005?

A) People took out loans that they could not afford.
B) Banks discouraged subprime lending.
C) Subprime lending made up 20 percent of the market.
D) Mortgage terms often changed after a couple of years.

Question 44

Emotions play a significant role in how people respond to change.Which of the following is NOT primarily driven by emotion?

A) attention
B) decisions
C) behavior
D) focus

Question 45

The Clinton administration in the 1990s contributed to the economic crisis that began in 2007 by ________.

A) allowing predatory lending
B) allowing commercial banks to function like investment banks
C) expanding the derivatives market
D) using low interest rates to initiate a housing boom in which prices rose far faster than income

Question 46

In force field analysis,which of these takes place during the change or unfreezing stage?

A) increase driving forces
B) decrease driving forces
C) increase restraining forces
D) decrease restraining forces

Question 47

Shea thinks that meaningful change occurs only when ________.

A) a single systemic lever is pulled
B) three or fewer systemic levers are in balance
C) four or more systemic levers are pulled
D) all eight systemic levers are in balance

Question 48

A negative emotional attractor such as fear is likely to activate the ________.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) prefrontal cortex
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) brain's decision-making center

Question 49

Boyatzis's model uses a person's ________ to provide motivation for intentional change.

A) dreams
B) shortcomings
C) real self
D) ideal self

Question 50

Emotions can hijack a decision by taking control of the process that would normally be carried out by the ________.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) prefrontal lobe

Question 51

In force field analysis,the default "normal" state is characterized by ________.

A) driving forces being equal to restraining forces
B) a constant state of change
C) driving forces being greater than restraining forces
D) driving forces being less than restraining forces

Question 52

One of the most important messages for managers from Shea's model is to ________.

A) listen to complaints
B) know what to ignore
C) know who your friends are
D) know what your job is

Question 53

Kotter's Stage 6 builds confidence in change by ________.

A) going for long-term victories
B) carrying out short-term victories
C) using fear to motivate agents of change
D) making sure that all important people understand the change

Question 54

A sense of calm is likely to be a ________.

A) negative attractor that activates the prefrontal cortex
B) negative attractor that activates the parasympathetic nervous system
C) positive attractor that activates the parasympathetic nervous system
D) positive attractor that activates the sympathetic nervous system

Question 55

In force field analysis,"change" is characterized by ________.

A) driving forces being equal to restraining forces
B) driving forces being less than restraining forces
C) driving forces being greater than restraining forces
D) driving and restraining forces being balanced

Question 56

The Reagan administration in the 1980s contributed to the economic crisis that began in 2007 by ________.

A) initiating subprime mortgages
B) decreasing the net capital rule
C) removing many regulations for banks
D) encouraging China to underwrite U.S. debt

Question 57

In Shea's work system model,managers ________ to affect change.

A) pull system levers
B) balance opposing forces
C) empower agents
D) offer nonmaterial rewards

Question 58

In Kotter's model of change,a leader's first task is to ________.

A) get the right people involved in making change
B) create a strategic vision
C) convince people that there is an urgent need for change
D) communicate a vision of change to the entire organization

Question 59

According to Shea,spending time on something that is not critical to an organization is termed a(n)________.

A) focus
B) bomb
C) waste
D) ignore

Question 60

In Peter Vaill's view of change,the default "normal" state is characterized by ________.

A) stability
B) constant, unpredictable change
C) very small predictable changes
D) tranquility

Question 61

As an analyst with the Department of Commerce,your work focuses on emerging economies of the world.You need to identify areas that have a high percentage of young people.Which country would be best to focus on?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Brazil
D) India

Question 62

Janice is a literary agent who has read a very clever book about computers.It would not be a runaway best-seller,but would be very popular among techno-geeks.This book can take advantage of ________.

A) the long tail
B) the short tail
C) product placement
D) market diversity

Question 63

An employment agency for medical professionals is looking to expand operations outside the United States.These jobs typically are most plentiful in countries with aging populations.Which country would be best for the agency to consider?

A) Germany
B) United Kingdom
C) China
D) United States

Question 64

Which statement is TRUE?

A) The fastest-growing economies in the world belong to the world's most prosperous nations.
B) The world's economic balance of power is shifting toward countries with aging populations.
C) Economies in the East and South, such as those of China and India, are quickly overtaking the traditional powers in terms of economic growth.
D) The wealthiest countries have the world's fastest-growing economies.

Question 65

Your company has been blindsided by a competitor's release of a game-changing product.According to the Nadler and Tushman model,which is the best approach for the company to address this challenge?

A) tuning
B) adaptation
C) reorientation
D) re-creation

Question 66

You have been hired as an executive for a struggling movie studio.Profits are diminishing,Internet technology has changed the film distribution model,and the studio's promising sequel projects have all under performed.Together,what do these developments represent in Kotter's 8-Stage Model?

A) They make up a new strategic vision.
B) They make up an urgent need for change.
C) They make up a group of short-term goals.
D) They make up a change in organizational culture.

Question 67

An auto company's management team has announced a new product development strategy in response to tepid sales over the past three quarters.This is an example of ________.

A) bottom-up reorientation
B) top-down re-creation
C) bottom-up tuning
D) top-down adaptation

Question 68

Tracy has been hired as superintendent of schools for a large city.Student achievement test scores are far below the norm,so she implements a force field analysis to initiate some major changes.What would Lewin say Tracy must consider to be successful?

A) the slow pace of incremental change
B) the subsystem levers
C) the context of the situation
D) being a participant in the situation

Question 69

In order to attract the best employees,a company builds a state-of-the-art gym with a babysitting service in its new factory.Which strategy of change fits this approach best?

A) tuning - because the steps are fairly small and incremental, and they are anticipating a need rather than reacting to a problem
B) adaptation - because the steps are fairly small and incremental, and they are reacting to a problem rather than anticipating a need
C) reorientation - because the steps are large and strategic, and they are anticipating a need rather than reacting to a problem
D) re-creation - because the steps are large and strategic, and they are reacting to a need rather than anticipating a problem

Question 70

You are a motion picture executive and have decided that your struggling studio will avoid making blockbuster action films.Instead,it will focus on fresh scripts from new directors who take risks.Which of Kotter's stages are you focusing on?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 71

You are the general manager for a large ski resort.As you implement new policies,employees are being passively resistant to change.What would indicate this?

A) employees showing loss of interest in the job
B) widespread resignations
C) employees doing as little as possible
D) deliberate sabotage of operations by employees

Question 72

"Analysis paralysis" typically arises in the Gestalt cycle when individuals or organizations ________.

A) skip key steps in the process such as contact and energy
B) fail to get the process started
C) get stuck in an early step such as sensation or awareness
D) have doubts about the process before they start

Question 73

Jules works for a nonprofit focused on economic justice.She's conducting a study on U.S.pay scales.Her research should indicate that the population segment with the lowest pay scale is ________.

A) African-American males
B) White females
C) African-American females
D) Latino females

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a major societal change that will have long-term impacts on organizations?

A) globalization
B) health care access
C) technology
D) environmentalism

Question 75

Which of the following stages from Kotter's model would require a manager to draw heavily on emotional intelligence?

A) Stage 3: Create a new strategic vision
B) Stage 4: Make sure the new vision is effectively communicated.
C) Stage 6: Successfully pull off short-term victories.
D) Stage 8: Solidify the change in the organizational culture.

Question 76

In the Gestalt cycle of experience,the sixth and final step is resolution.Which sequence correctly identifies the first five steps of the cycle?

A) sensation, awareness, action, energy, contact
B) sensation, awareness, energy, action, contact
C) awareness, sensation, contact, action, energy
D) contact, awareness, sensation, action, energy

Question 77

Organization development focuses on ________ change.

A) planned
B) diagnostic
C) incremental
D) short-term

Question 78

It's important for leaders to recognize that change is ________ for most people.

A) easy
B) pointless
C) meaningless
D) hard

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT an approach to organizational change according to the Nadler and Tushman model?

A) reorientation
B) re-creation
C) experimentation
D) adaptation

Question 80

Action research focuses on initiating change ________.

A) after a research project is complete
B) before a research project has begun
C) while a research project is in progress
D) without intervening in a group