Deck 10: Applying Population Ecology: the Human Population

Question 1

What is the actual average replacement-level fertility for the whole world? 

A) slightly higher than 1 child per couple 
B) slightly higher than 2 children per couple 
C) slightly higher than 3 children per couple 
D) slightly higher than 4 children per couple

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which form of birth control is relatively ineffective? 

A) an IUD plus spermicide 
B) an oral contraceptive 
C) a hormonal implant 
D) the rhythm method

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the proper measure of fertility for projecting future population change? 

A) the total fertility rate 
B) replacement-level fertility 
C) the birth rate 
D) the one-year future fertility level

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What change was seen in the world's overall population between 1963 and 2011? 

A) it increased by 100% 
B) it increased by 25% 
C) it decreased by 40% 
D) it decreased by 100%

Question 5

What is the status of the total fertility rate in Canada? 

A) It has increased above that needed for replacement. 
B) It has dropped below that needed for replacement. 
C) It has remained unchanged for over 100 years. 
D) It is lower for the Aboriginal population than it is for the rest of the population.

Question 6

Which country would experience the greatest rise in total population size in one year? 

A) a country of 500 million people with a growth rate of 1.5% 
B) a country of 100 million people with a growth rate of 2% 
C) a country of 10 million people with a growth rate of 2.5% 
D) a country of 1.5 million people with a growth rate of 3%

Question 7

Which region has the highest crude birth rate and the highest crude death rate? 

A) Asia 
B) Africa 
C) Europe 
D) Latin America

Question 8

Which statement best describes immigration in Canada? 

A) it remains a crucial factor in population growth 
B) it is mainly from Africa and Europe 
C) it is directed towards our rural areas 
D) it will stabilize the population at about 500 million by the end of the century

Question 9

Which form of birth control is the most effective? 

A) total abstinence 
B) a good brand of condom 
C) a hormonal implant 
D) a diaphragm plus spermicide

Question 10

What is the primary cause of the increasing size of the world's population? 

A) access to the Internet 
B) unlimited immigration quotas in most western countries 
C) increased life expectancies 
D) higher birth rates

Question 11

Which of the following is an unreliable form of birth control? 

A) spermicide 
B) a douche 
C) a condom 
D) a cervical cap

Question 12

What annual rate of change (natural increase)was seen in the world's population between 1963 and 2014? The rate of change: 

A) slowed by about 40% 
B) slowed by about 20% 
C) accelerated by about 25% 
D) accelerated by about 90%

Question 13

Which statement best describes the U.S.teenage pregnancy rate? 

A) The United States has the highest teenage pregnancy rate of any industrialized country. 
B) More than 8000 U.S. teens become pregnant annually. 
C) The United States has the one of the lowest teenage pregnancy rate of any industrialized country. 
D) The birth rate for U.S. teens aged 15 to 19 has more than doubled since 2005.

Question 14

Which pair presents two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region? 

A) life expectancy and infant mortality rate 
B) life expectancy and death rate 
C) birth rate and death rate 
D) replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate

Question 15

How is the infant mortality rate calculated? 

A) It is the number of children out of 1000 who die before birth. 
B) It is the number of children out of 1000 who die by their first birthday. 
C) It is the number of children out of 1000 who die in the first six months of life. 
D) It is the number of children out of 1000 who die in their first month of life.

Question 16

What is crude birth rate? 

A) the number of live births per 1000 persons in a given year 
B) the number of live births per 500 persons in a given year 
C) the number of live births per 100 persons in a given year 
D) the number of live births per 50 persons in a given year

Question 17

Which of the following countries has the highest teenage pregnancy rate? 

A) Germany 
B) the United States 
C) France 
D) Japan

Question 18

What is the correct way to calculate change in human population in a particular year? 

A) (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) 
B) (births + emigration) - (deaths + immigration) 
C) (deaths + immigration) - (births + emigration) 
D) (deaths + emigration) - (births + immigration)

Question 19

Why does the United States have one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries? 

A) The birth rate for teenage females is high. 
B) Many women delay having children until the latter part of their child-bearing years. 
C) Under nutrition of young children of poor families. 
D) High obesity rates of children.

Question 20

What situation would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child? 

A) The couple has no public or private pension. 
B) Contraceptives are not available to the couple. 
C) The child is part of the family labour pool. 
D) Women have many opportunities to participate in the work force.

Question 21

Which sector would experience a rise in population in a country undergoing a rapid population decline? 

A) the portion of the overall population comprised of younger people 
B) the portion of the overall population that are not threatened with labour shortages 
C) the portion of the overall population that is consuming a large fraction of medical services 
D) the portion of the overall population that is not on social security

Question 22

Which category is lacking in population age structure diagrams? 

A) reproductive 
B) postreproductive 
C) infant 
D) prereproductive

Question 23

Which stage will have death rates that fall while birth rates remain high,according to the demographic transition model? 

A) the postindustrial stage 
B) the industrial stage 
C) the preindustrial stage 
D) the transitional stage

Question 24

Although there is disagreement over the role of population growth,which statement on the optimum population size for the world do a number of experts agree on? 

A) Between 20 and 40 billion is the optimum population size. 
B) Optimum population size is a meaningless concept. 
C) There is no limit to how many people the planet can support. 
D) There is an upper limit of about 100 billion.

Question 25

How are Canadian and U.S.populations similar? 

A) Both nations are NOT affluent. 
B) Both nations have the same type of political system. 
C) Both nations have limited access to birth control. 
D) Both nations are identical in terms of urbanization.

Question 26

What is a critical factor for a rapid increase in population growth? 

A) having many people under the age of 15 
B) having many people aged 29 to 44 
C) having a large population 
D) having many people under the age of 34

Question 27

Which stage will have both high birth and death rates,according to the demographic transition model? 

A) the postindustrial stage 
B) the preindustrial stage 
C) the industrial stage 
D) the transitional stage

Question 28

What is the age structure of a population? 

A) It is the number or percentage of males that are ages 15 to 44. 
B) It is the number or percentage of females that are age 14 or under. 
C) It is the number or percentage of persons of each sex at each age level. 
D) It is the number or percentage of females that are ages 15 to 44.

Question 29

Which statement is likely to be made by a person supporting population regulation? 

A) A lack of free and productive economic systems in developing countries is the primary cause of poverty and despair. 
B) Earth's increasing population threatens its life-support systems. 
C) People are the world's most valuable resource in finding solutions to the Earth's problems. 
D) Population regulation is a violation of religious beliefs and an intrusion into personal privacy and freedom.

Question 30

Which statement best describes age structure diagrams? 

A) They show two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive. 
B) They are useful for comparing one population with another. 
C) They are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends. 
D) They show the number of males and females in the infant category.

Question 31

Which stage will have high birth rates,according to the demographic transition model? 

A) the preindustrial and industrial stages 
B) the preindustrial and transitional stages 
C) the industrial and postindustrial stages 
D) the postindustrial and transitional stages

Question 32

What does the demographic transition model do? 

A) It helps explain why development requires large populations. 
B) It helps explain why death rates fall before birth rates. 
C) It helps explain why death rates rise in industrializing nations. 
D) It helps explain why industrialization leads to population growth.

Question 33

Where do most residents of Canada live? 

A) within 160 kilometres of the U.S.-Canada border 
B) within 500 kilometres of the U.S.-Canada border 
C) within 1000 kilometres of the U.S.-Canada border 
D) within 1600 kilometres of the U.S.-Canada border

Question 34

Which age structure would be associated with a country that has a rapidly growing population? 

A) a structure that forms an inverted pyramid 
B) a structure that has a large prereproductive population 
C) a structure that shows little variation in population by age 
D) a structure that has a broad-based pyramid

Question 35

When does a change take place in a demographic transition? 

A) Change occurs when either immigration or emigration changes the population growth pattern. 
B) Change occurs when the birth rate drops below the death rate. 
C) Change occurs when the economic development of a country changes the population growth pattern. 
D) Change occurs when one-third of the population is under 15 years of age.

Question 36

Which statement would likely be made by a proponent of population regulation? 

A) People are the world's most valuable resource. 
B) If a person produces more than he consumes, he is an asset. 
C) One-sixth of the population does not have the basic necessities. 
D) Human ingenuity permits continued improvement in humanity's lot.

Question 37

What would NOT be characteristic of baby boomers? 

A) placing strains on the health care system as they approach middle age 
B) having an influence on politics 
C) taking voluntary early retirement 
D) having a strong influence on demands for goods and services

Question 38

At which stage is a country likely to experience zero population growth,according to the demographic transition model? 

A) the postindustrial stage 
B) the transitional stage 
C) the preindustrial stage 
D) the industrial stage

Question 39

Which statement would be made by a person who supports population regulation? 

A) People have the freedom to produce as many children as they want. 
B) The gap between the rich and poor has been narrowing since 1960. 
C) Having billions more people on the Earth will intensify many environmental and social problems. 
D) It is unethical to control birth rates.

Question 40

What is demographic transition? 

A) It is the slowing down in the growth of a population that occurs when the population approaches its carrying capacity. 
B) It is the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurs when a country becomes industrialized. 
C) It is the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered. 
D) It is the requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable.

Question 41

Which strategy appears to play an insignificant role in slowing global population growth? 

A) investing in family planning 
B) reducing poverty 
C) economic disincentives to have large families 
D) elevating the status of women

Question 42

What is an important feature of China's population control program that could be transferred to other countries? 

A) focusing control efforts primarily on males 
B) requiring parents to be sterilized after having two children 
C) requiring couples to postpone marriage until they are near the end of their reproductive stage 
D) paying close attention to population growth and its many implications for the future

Question 43

What is India's infant mortality rate? 

A) about 4 per 1000 live births 
B) about 10 per 1000 live births 
C) about 44 per 1000 live births 
D) about 100 per 1000 live births

Question 44

What percentage of the world's income is received by women? 

A) 1% 
B) 10% 
C) 25% 
D) 50%

Question 45

Which statement describes the family planning program of India? 

A) It is the world's most successful family planning program. 
B) It is the world's largest family planning program. 
C) It is the world's only national family planning program. 
D) It was the world's first national family planning program.

Question 46

Which statement reflects the views of many of the world's leading population scientists and analysts? 

A) Some parts of the world have exceeded their carrying capacity for humans, although most parts do not have this concern. 
B) Some parts of the world have exceeded their carrying capacity for humans, and, given current population trends, eventually other parts of the world will too. 
C) All parts of the world are well below their carrying capacity for humans. 
D) All parts of the world have exceeded their carrying capacity for humans.

Question 47

What percentage of the world's land is owned by women? 

A) 50% 
B) 25% 
C) 10% 
D) less than 2%

Question 48

Which country's family planning program has been successful in reducing population growth? 

A) China 
B) Haiti 
C) Nigeria 
D) India

Question 49

Which country has not had success at greatly reducing its population growth over the past few decades? 

A) Thailand 
B) India 
C) China 
D) Iran

Question 50

When does the use of economic rewards and penalties for controlling population work optimally? 

A) when the strategies reinforce existing customs and trends 
B) when the strategies are retroactive 
C) when the strategies decrease a poor family's income or land 
D) when the strategies push rather than nudge people to have fewer children

Question 51

What is omitted in the basic family planning policy of most countries? 

A) helping parents space births as desired 
B) helping parents regulate family size 
C) providing information about prenatal care 
D) limiting families to two children each

Question 52

Which of the following has not been part of China's attempt to decrease its population growth? 

A) encouraging contraceptive use but banning sterilization and abortion 
B) providing health, pension, and employment benefits in exchange for a one-child pledge 
C) urging couples to have no more than one child 
D) encouraging later marriages

Question 53

What do some experts believe will hinder demographic transition in some developing countries? 

A) lack of cooperation 
B) lack of commitment 
C) lack of financial capital 
D) lack of people

Question 54

Which factor leads to women having fewer and healthier children? 

A) when women live in societies in which their individual rights are NOT protected 
B) when women have access to paying jobs outside the home 
C) when women have limited access to birth control 
D) when women have limited access to education

Question 55

Which of the following describes the employment/economic status of women? 

A) Women do less than half of the work involved in gathering fuel wood. 
B) Women provide less unpaid health care than all of the world's organized health services put together. 
C) Women have less than half of the world's assets. 
D) Women do more than half of the work involved in producing food.

Question 56

Which of the following would be omitted in a government's attempts to reduce population growth? 

A) providing needed health care and food allotments to those who have more than a certain number of children 
B) penalizing couples who have more than a certain number of children (usually one or two) 
C) paying couples who agree to be sterilized 
D) paying couples who agree to use contraceptives

Question 57

Which statement describes family planning in India? 

A) Families in India have a strong preference for female children. 
B) Indian women still have an average of 2.1 children. 
C) India's government pensions have eliminated the need for large families. 
D) Many cultural norms in India favour large families.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a feature of China's population control program? 

A) employing compulsory measures 
B) offering economic incentives 
C) enforcing a uniform policy that applies to urban and rural citizens equally 
D) employing freely available contraceptives

Question 59

What enhances the success of a family planning program? 

A) wide availability of contraceptives 
B) apathetic leadership 
C) having the majority of participants residing in the countryside 
D) implementation by central planners

Question 60

What is one reason why India's family planning has yielded disappointing results? 

A) high status of women 
B) increasing middle class 
C) increased immigration from the Middle East 
D) poor planning and bureaucratic inefficiency

Question 61

Canada's infant mortality rate is lower than that of the United States.

Question 62

Family planning,economic opportunities for women,and schooling for girls generally result in a higher birth rate.

Question 63

Life expectancy in Canada is 75 years.

Question 64

About half of the populations of Vancouver and Toronto consist of visible minorities.

Question 65

What is one goal that emerged from the UN's 1994 International Conference on Population and Development? 

A) Improve employment opportunities for young men. 
B) Reduce and eliminate sustainable patterns of production and consumption. 
C) Improve the health care of infants, children, and pregnant mothers. 
D) Increase access to education, especially for boys.

Question 66

What was NOT included as one of the goals that emerged from the UN's 1994 International Conference on Population and Development? 

A) Make population policies part of social and economic development policies. 
B) Bring about more equitable relationships between the sexes. 
C) Emphasize that child-rearing and family planning responsibilities belong to women. 
D) Take steps to eradicate poverty.

Question 67

Our ability to expand into new habitats increases our population growth but does so at the expense of the environment.

Question 68

The political structure in China has indirectly lead to a gender imbalance that favours men overall in the population.

Question 69

Populations need to be large in order to gain better services,therefore poor countries with large populations need development aid rather than population-reduction programs.

Question 70

India's system of population control is more effective than China's because India's system is based on preventative instead of corrective measures.

Question 71

Death rates are very high during the preindustrial stage because of a lack of knowledge about disease prevention and medical cures,and due to food shortages.

Question 72

Birth and death rates generally decline as a country develops economically.

Question 73

One measurement of population growth is doubling time,which is the time it takes for a population growing at an unspecified rate to double its size.

Question 74

Even though birth rates have fallen in developed countries,the emigration rate has led to an increase in population in certain countries.

Question 75

Canada demonstrates a negative growth age structure.

Question 76

Countries in which AIDS is prevalent would have a zero growth age structure.

Question 77

If the replacement-level fertility rate of a population is higher than the total fertility rate,the population may have a negative growth rate.

Question 78

A low infant mortality rate would increase a country's replacement-level fertility.

Question 79

Demography is the study of the size,composition,and distribution of human populations in developing countries.

Question 80

A region's life expectancy is inversely related to its crude death rate.