Deck 7: Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Question 1

Which of the following deficiencies could cause macrocytic anemia?

A)Vitamin B12
B)Vitamin B6
C)Homocysteine
D)Iron

Answer 1

A
Vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies both may promote the development of macrocytic anemia because they are involved in DNA synthesis, and loss of either results in the impaired production of red blood cells.Homocysteine is a product of methionine metabolism.Levels of homocysteine increase when vitamin B₁₂ and folate are deficient because these are necessary for its conversion back to methionine.Vitamin B₆ affects homocysteine by converting it to cysteine.However, neither of these promote anemia.Iron is associated with microcytic anemia.

Question 2

Laboratory tests for nutrients

A)are not useful if you have only a single test result.
B)are always best done on whole blood.
C)may indicate deficiency before clinical or anthropometric data does.
D)are currently not well controlled.

Answer 2

C
Laboratory-based nutrition testing, used to estimate nutrient concentration in biologic fluids and tissues, is critical for assessment of both clinical and subclinical nutrient deficiencies.Most of these states can be assessed in the laboratory so that nutritional intervention can occur before a clinical or anthropometric change or a frank deficiency occurs.Single test results may be useful for screening or to confirm an assessment based on changing clinical, anthropometric, and dietary status.The best biologic medium to test depends on the specific nutrient.Laboratory assessment is stringently controlled.It involves comparing control samples with predetermined substance or chemical constituent concentrations with every patient specimen.

Question 3

In urinalysis tests, which of the following is expected to appear at some level in normal people?

A)Glucose
B)Ketones
C)Blood
D)Protein

Answer 3

D
Small amounts of protein, from 2 to 8 mg/dL, are expected in normal urine.Larger amounts are associated with damage to the kidneys.Results for glucose, ketones, and blood in the urine are expected to be negative.

Question 4

Apolipoprotein B (apoB)

A)is a subparticle of LDL cholesterol.
B)is a subparticle of HDL cholesterol.
C)should be measured as a risk factor for CVD according to ACC/AHA guidelines.
D)is not an independent marker for CVD risk.

Question 5

Which of the following would be included in a complete blood count?

A)Total cholesterol
B)Mean cell volume
C)Glucose
D)Albumin

Question 6

BMIs of _______ are associated with increased risk of mortality in those 65 and older.

A)less than 23
B)less than 18.5
C)greater than 24.9
D)there is no association between BMI and risk of mortality

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a laboratory measure of hydration status?

A)Serum sodium
B)Blood urea nitrogen
C)Serum glucose
D)Urine specific gravity

Question 8

Which laboratory value would be added in a comprehensive metabolic panel (compared with a BMP)?

A)Albumin
B)Glucose
C)Blood urea nitrogen
D)White blood cells

Question 9

Which of the following manifestations will occur in iron deficiency anemia?

A)Microcytic anemia
B)Macrocytic anemia
C)High reticulocyte count
D)High MCV

Question 10

Which of the following is a positive acute-phase respondent?

A)Interleukin-1
B)Albumin
C)Transthyretin
D)C-reactive protein

Question 11

Which of the following is a measure of iron storage?

A)TIBC
B)Serum ferritin
C)Transferrin
D)Hemoglobin

Question 12

Which of the following is a measure of somatic protein status?

A)C-reactive protein
B)Retinol-binding protein
C)Urinary methylmalonic acid
D)Urinary creatinine

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT associated with a decrease in prealbumin levels?

A)Malnutrition
B)Inflammation
C)Protein-wasting disease of the gastrointestinal tract
D)Zinc deficiency

Question 14

Which indicator of protein status has the longest half-life?

A)Albumin
B)Prealbumin
C)Retinol-binding protein
D)Transferrin

Question 15

Which nutrient-related disorder is likely to result in a stool test being ordered?

A)Diabetes
B)Anemia
C)Night blindness
D)Cheilosis

Question 16

During trauma, what happens to negative acute-phase respondent levels?

A)Blood levels decrease because of decreased synthesis.
B)Blood levels increase because of transport into the vascular space.
C)Blood levels are not altered because of the catabolism of proteins.
D)Blood levels are similar to what they would be during simple starvation.

Question 17

Which of the following occurs during acute illness or trauma?

A)Negative acute-phase respondents increase.
B)Positive acute-phase respondents decrease.
C)Negative acute-phase respondents decrease.
D)Both positive and negative acute-phase respondents increase.

Question 18

Which of the following is a measure of glucose control?

A)Highly sensitive C-reactive protein
B)Hemoglobin A1C
C)Homocysteine
D)Apolipoprotein B

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about bioelectric impedance analysis?

A)It measures lean body tissue.
B)It is noninvasive and portable.
C)It is not accurate in a dehydrated individual.
D)All of the above.