Deck 10: Nutrition

Question 1

Based on recent surveys identifying nutritional information concerning the daily diet of older adults in America,the nurse suggests:

A)substituting carbohydrates with lean protein sources.
B)adding calories through the addition of fruits and vegetables.
C)introducing a protein at each meal.
D)relying on foods that are both easy to chew and easy to digest.

Answer 1

adding calories through the addition of fruits and vegetables.

Question 2

A 73-year-old patient is concerned about staying healthy for as long as possible.When asked what lifestyle changes the patient should consider,the nurse suggests:

A)"As your metabolism slows,you will need to increase your intake of fat."
B)"If you are having difficulty sleeping,a mild sedative will help you sleep."
C)"Regular exercise will help you preserve function and reduce your risk for disease."
D)"Minimize stress by being willing to ask your family for help when you need it."

Answer 2

"Regular exercise will help you preserve function and reduce your risk for disease."

Question 3

A patient wants to know what "no sugar added" on a food label means.What explanation is best?

A)The food has no calories.
B)No sugar was added during processing.
C)The food naturally has no sugar.
D)The food has 23% less sugar than normal.

Answer 3

No sugar was added during processing.

Question 4

A diabetic is struggling with the carbohydrate-controlled diet as a result of having a large extended family with many get-togethers.What action by the nurse is best?

A)Remind the patient of the consequences of poor control of diabetes.
B)Tell the patient that once a month he or she can eat as desired.
C)Help the patient make priorities so some favorite foods can be eaten.
D)Tell the patient to increase the insulin dose on get-together days.

Question 5

A nurse is caring for an observant Hindu patient who has a protein deficiency.What menu items does the nurse select for the patient?

A)Lean beef
B)Chicken
C)Beans
D)Pork

Question 6

A nurse is caring for four patients.On which patient should the nurse plan to conduct a further nutritional assessment?

A)The patient who has lost 10% of body weight in 1 month
B)The patient who has lost 5 pounds with exercise in 1 month
C)The patient who gained 3 pounds while on vacation
D)The patient who weighs 12% over ideal body weight

Question 7

The nurse caring for older adult patients best minimizes the patient's risk of developing dehydration by:

A)identifying the patient's oral fluid preferences and offering them regularly.
B)carefully monitoring the effects of daily diuretics via blood sodium levels.
C)minimizing the patient's reliance on laxatives by increasing dietary fiber intake.
D)carefully monitoring of the rate of infusion of all intravenous fluids prescribed.

Question 8

An older adult patient has been prescribed a specialized enteral formula after an extensive surgical procedure.The nurse anticipates and addresses a concern of many patients in this age cohort when assuring the patient that:

A)her family can easily manage the formula after she is discharged.
B)Medicare will cover the expense of the treatment.
C)the treatment will be discontinued as soon as she is able to eat sufficiently.
D)this is the most effective form of nutrition for her at this time.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for four postsurgical patients who have experienced similar abdominal procedures and are all 68 years of age.The nurse anticipates that the patient with the greatest risk for complications resulting in an extended hospitalization has:

A)a history of Crohn disease.
B)developed mild confusion.
C)an allergy to latex.
D)severe postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Question 10

The nurse has conducted a nutrition screen on a patient using the Nutrition Screening Initiative tool.The patient scored a 4.What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

A)Refer the patient to a dietician for a nutritional assessment.
B)Encourage the patient to add more protein items to the diet.
C)Reinforce the patient's good eating habits and nutrition.
D)Consult the provider about adding an iron supplement.

Question 11

During a nutritional assessment,a 79-year-old patient responds,"My weight is fine.I weigh the same as I did 15 years ago." The nurse responds based on the understanding that older patients:

A)generally guess their weight rather than weigh themselves.
B)often rely on how their clothes fit to determine whether their weight has changed.
C)sometimes experience altered metabolic problems that hide weight change.
D)often exchange lean muscle mass for body fat so weight stays the same.

Question 12

An older patient asks why he needs a multivitamin supplement.The patient has always been healthy,has excellent nutrition,and has never needed vitamins.What explanation by the nurse is best?

A)Older people tend to eat fewer calories,so it's harder to get nutrients.
B)You need to have extra nutritional reserves in case of sudden illness.
C)It's recommended in all the nutritional guidelines for older adults.
D)Now that you are older,your good nutritional habits are not enough.

Question 13

A nurse works with a patient who is malnourished.What lab value does the nurse assess for the most up-to-date information on the patient's status?

A)Albumin
B)Prealbumin
C)Transferrin
D)Total iron

Question 14

The nurse conducting a food recall assessment on an older adult patient shows an understanding of the requirements of the process when:

A)having the patient identify any existing food allergies.
B)asking the family to verify the patient's statements.
C)asking how the food being discussed was prepared.
D)correlating diet information with signs of malnutrition.

Question 15

An older adult patient has experienced severe nausea and vomiting for 2 days since undergoing abdominal surgery.A prealbumin serum blood test is ordered.The nurse explains the rationale for the test to the patient's family by saying:

A)"The provider is interested in whether there is enough available protein in the blood."
B)"This test is designed to determine how the body is meeting current demands for protein."
C)"The test will tell us if the vomiting has created a problem with protein metabolism."
D)"Healing from such a surgery requires protein,and this test measures protein."

Question 16

An older adult patient with a history of a myocardial infarction tells the nurse that he takes his daily dose of prescribed aspirin with breakfast each morning.The nurse's response is:

A)"Food interferes with the drug's absorption,so take it between meals."
B)"Taking aspirin with food increases your likelihood of stomach upset."
C)"Taking the drug with food is likely to alter the taste of the food."
D)"Eating as you take the aspirin is likely to result in constipation."

Question 17

The nurse notes a patient's prealbumin is 2 mg/dL.What action by the nurse is best?

A)Tell the patient to add more protein to the diet.
B)Conduct a nutritional screening with a standard tool.
C)Refer the patient to a registered dietician.
D)Instruct the patient to maintain good nutritional habits.

Question 18

A patient is newly widowed and lives alone.Which suggestion by the nurse will help the adult children maximize the patient's nutritional status?

A)Help identify possible barriers to their mother achieving good nutritional health.
B)Ensure that the patient has an adequate supply of healthy,easily prepared foods available.
C)Contact a food delivery service to provide one nutritiously sound meal a day.
D)Arrange a schedule that allows someone to have dinner with her each evening.

Question 19

The nurse teaches older adults to reduce sodium in their diets.What is the daily recommended limit for sodium in this population?

A)1000 mg
B)1500 mg
C)2000 mg
D)2500 mg

Question 20

An older adult is worried about potassium intake.What does the nurse teach this patient?

A)Unless you take a diuretic,don't worry about potassium.
B)You should take a daily potassium supplement.
C)You should try to get all your potassium through food.
D)Potassium is not a nutrient people generally worry about.

Question 21

A patient is being discharged on total parenteral nutrition (TPN).What topics do the patient and family need to be taught? (Select all that apply. )

A)How to work the enteral feeding pump
B)Care of a central venous catheter
C)How to crush and give medications
D)Proper use of an intravenous (IV)pump
E)Actions to take if the IV becomes occluded

Question 22

An older woman asks the nurse why she "suddenly" has a deficiency in B vitamins as her eating and cooking habits have not changed.What response by the nurse is best?

A)"Something has to be different now."
B)"You can't absorb B vitamins like before."
C)"Your need for B vitamins has increased."
D)"The guidelines have been increased."

Question 23

The student learning about gerontologic nursing knows that which features are commonly associated with geriatric failure to thrive? (Select all that apply. )

A)Impaired physical function
B)Depression
C)Malnutrition
D)Cognitive decline
E)Poor dentition