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Deck 23: Circulation
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After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
The results suggest that the smallest flow volume would be found in the ________ of the human body.
A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
The results suggest that the smallest flow volume would be found in the ________ of the human body.
A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
How much blood is ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction?
A)35 mL
B)65 mL
C)70 mL
D)135 mL
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
How much blood is ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction?
A)35 mL
B)65 mL
C)70 mL
D)135 mL
Question
Question
Which part of this figure depicts an arteriole? 
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
Aortic stenosis is a disease in which the aortic valve (the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta)narrows, resulting in increased left ventricular pressure and reduced ejection volume (the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects). What would the pressure-volume graph for a patient with aortic stenosis look like compared to the graph shown above for a healthy young adult?
A)taller and wider
B)taller and narrower
C)shorter and narrower
D)shorter and wide
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
Aortic stenosis is a disease in which the aortic valve (the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta)narrows, resulting in increased left ventricular pressure and reduced ejection volume (the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects). What would the pressure-volume graph for a patient with aortic stenosis look like compared to the graph shown above for a healthy young adult?
A)taller and wider
B)taller and narrower
C)shorter and narrower
D)shorter and wide
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
If the time it takes to go around the loop is 1 second, what is the cardiac output in units of liters per minute?
A)3)9 L/min
B)4)2 L/min
C)7)0 L/min
D)8)1 L/min
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
If the time it takes to go around the loop is 1 second, what is the cardiac output in units of liters per minute?
A)3)9 L/min
B)4)2 L/min
C)7)0 L/min
D)8)1 L/min
Question
In which part of this figure would blood have the lowest oxygen content? 
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
Question
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Ron and Tiffany modified the experiment to see how long it would take to pass 1,000 mL of fluid through each tube. Based on these results shown in the table, which tube would it take the longest for 1,000 mL of fluid to flow through?
A)tube A
B)tube B
C)tube C
D)tube E
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Ron and Tiffany modified the experiment to see how long it would take to pass 1,000 mL of fluid through each tube. Based on these results shown in the table, which tube would it take the longest for 1,000 mL of fluid to flow through?
A)tube A
B)tube B
C)tube C
D)tube E
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point on the diagram does the aortic valve (the semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle and the aorta)open?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point on the diagram does the aortic valve (the semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle and the aorta)open?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
Question
Which of the following describes the stage of the cardiac cycle shown? 
A)AV and SL valves both open, ventricles contracting
B)AV valves open, SL valves closed, ventricles contracting
C)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles contracting
D)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles relaxed
A)AV and SL valves both open, ventricles contracting
B)AV valves open, SL valves closed, ventricles contracting
C)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles contracting
D)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles relaxed
Question
Which part of this figure depicts a pulmonary artery? 
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
Question
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment?
A)The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume.
B)The larger the tube diameter, the smaller the flow volume.
C)The tube diameter shows no clear relationship to flow volume.
D)The flow rate through the largest tube is approximately twice that through the smallest tube.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment?
A)The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume.
B)The larger the tube diameter, the smaller the flow volume.
C)The tube diameter shows no clear relationship to flow volume.
D)The flow rate through the largest tube is approximately twice that through the smallest tube.
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point of the diagram is the left ventricle filled with the least amount of blood and at the highest pressure?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point of the diagram is the left ventricle filled with the least amount of blood and at the highest pressure?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
Question
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
What part of the diagram represents diastole?
A)point B
B)point C
C)the line between points A and B
D)the line between points C and D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
What part of the diagram represents diastole?
A)point B
B)point C
C)the line between points A and B
D)the line between points C and D
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Deck 23: Circulation
1
Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the
A)left atrium.
B)right atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right ventricle.
A)left atrium.
B)right atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right ventricle.
D
2
Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart?
A)snake
B)crocodile
C)human
D)bird
A)snake
B)crocodile
C)human
D)bird
A
3
During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?
A)resting phase
B)diastole
C)active phase
D)systole
A)resting phase
B)diastole
C)active phase
D)systole
B
4
Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?
A)transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
B)governing nutrient concentration in the blood
C)transporting nutrients to body cells
D)mounting a response to invading microorganisms
A)transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
B)governing nutrient concentration in the blood
C)transporting nutrients to body cells
D)mounting a response to invading microorganisms
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5
The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are
A)flat and circular.
B)open and closed.
C)series and parallel.
D)invertebrate and vertebrate.
A)flat and circular.
B)open and closed.
C)series and parallel.
D)invertebrate and vertebrate.
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6
Which of the following is characteristic of the circulatory system of arthropods?
A)lack of a heart
B)lack of blood
C)lack of blood vessels
D)lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
A)lack of a heart
B)lack of blood
C)lack of blood vessels
D)lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
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7
Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub-dup, lub-dup." These sounds are created by
A)muscles in the left ventricle.
B)blood flowing through the aorta.
C)blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber.
D)blood recoiling against the closed valves.
A)muscles in the left ventricle.
B)blood flowing through the aorta.
C)blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber.
D)blood recoiling against the closed valves.
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8
Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the
A)pulmonary arteries.
B)pulmonary veins.
C)superior vena cava.
D)inferior vena cava.
A)pulmonary arteries.
B)pulmonary veins.
C)superior vena cava.
D)inferior vena cava.
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9
In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart?
A)pulmonary artery
B)pulmonary vein
C)vena cava
D)coronary artery
A)pulmonary artery
B)pulmonary vein
C)vena cava
D)coronary artery
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10
Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n)________ each time it contracts.
A)heart
B)atrium
C)atrioventricular valve
D)ventricle
A)heart
B)atrium
C)atrioventricular valve
D)ventricle
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11
From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the
A)superior vena cava.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.
A)superior vena cava.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.
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12
Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four-chambered heart. This is the result of
A)the simplification of the cardiovascular system.
B)the necessity for rapid movement of blood.
C)convergent evolution.
D)genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.
A)the simplification of the cardiovascular system.
B)the necessity for rapid movement of blood.
C)convergent evolution.
D)genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.
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13
During ventricular systole, the ________ valves ________.
A)AV; open
B)semilunar; close
C)semilunar; open
D)AV and semilunar; close
A)AV; open
B)semilunar; close
C)semilunar; open
D)AV and semilunar; close
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14
The largest blood vessel in the human body is the
A)superior vena cava.
B)pulmonary vein.
C)aorta.
D)pulmonary artery.
A)superior vena cava.
B)pulmonary vein.
C)aorta.
D)pulmonary artery.
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15
Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers?
A)salamander
B)salmon
C)snake
D)squirrel
A)salamander
B)salmon
C)snake
D)squirrel
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16
You are dissecting a "mystery animal" in biology lab and discover that it has a series of closed blood vessels, a pair of lungs, two atria, and a single ventricle. What animal are you dissecting?
A)fish
B)frog
C)crocodile
D)bird
A)fish
B)frog
C)crocodile
D)bird
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17
Adaptation to terrestrial life involved major evolutionary changes. The change from gill breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the
A)reproductive system.
B)cardiovascular system.
C)manufacture of blood cells.
D)association of blood and interstitial fluid.
A)reproductive system.
B)cardiovascular system.
C)manufacture of blood cells.
D)association of blood and interstitial fluid.
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18
Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false?
A)The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs.
B)The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
C)Mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts.
D)The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs.
A)The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs.
B)The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
C)Mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts.
D)The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs.
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19
In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium.
A)left atrium
B)superior vena cava
C)inferior vena cava
D)aorta
A)left atrium
B)superior vena cava
C)inferior vena cava
D)aorta
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20
Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is true?
A)The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins.
B)A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion.
C)Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells.
D)Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.
A)The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins.
B)A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion.
C)Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells.
D)Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.
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21
In humans, which blood vessels have valves?
A)arteries in the neck
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
A)arteries in the neck
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins
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22
What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid?
A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
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23
In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?
A)arteries in the head
B)arterioles in the legs
C)capillaries in the feet
D)veins in the head
A)arteries in the head
B)arterioles in the legs
C)capillaries in the feet
D)veins in the head
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24
One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by
A)alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries.
B)osmosis.
C)pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.
D)active transport utilizing ATP.
A)alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries.
B)osmosis.
C)pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.
D)active transport utilizing ATP.
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25
The liquid part of blood is called
A)water.
B)plasma.
C)serum.
D)interstitial fluid.
A)water.
B)plasma.
C)serum.
D)interstitial fluid.
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26
Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by
A)one-way valves.
B)precapillary sphincters only.
C)smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only.
D)precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.
A)one-way valves.
B)precapillary sphincters only.
C)smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only.
D)precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.
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27
Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack,
A)is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart.
B)actually causes no permanent damage to the heart.
C)is unrelated to cigarette smoking.
D)is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.
A)is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart.
B)actually causes no permanent damage to the heart.
C)is unrelated to cigarette smoking.
D)is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.
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28
Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins?
A)skeletal muscle contractions
B)the number of red blood cells in venous blood
C)the diameter of capillaries
D)blood pressure generated by the heart
A)skeletal muscle contractions
B)the number of red blood cells in venous blood
C)the diameter of capillaries
D)blood pressure generated by the heart
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29
Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity?
A)artery
B)capillary
C)venule
D)vein
A)artery
B)capillary
C)venule
D)vein
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30
Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features except
A)the direction of blood flow relative to the heart.
B)the structure of their walls.
C)the amount of oxygen present in the blood.
D)the blood pressure.
A)the direction of blood flow relative to the heart.
B)the structure of their walls.
C)the amount of oxygen present in the blood.
D)the blood pressure.
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31
Which of the following is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States?
A)cardiovascular disease
B)flu
C)cancer
D)diabetes
A)cardiovascular disease
B)flu
C)cancer
D)diabetes
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32
At any given time, what percentage of the body's capillaries have blood flowing through them?
A)5-10%
B)20-25%
C)40-50%
D)85-90%
A)5-10%
B)20-25%
C)40-50%
D)85-90%
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33
The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of
A)a nerve.
B)a red blood cell.
C)an arteriole.
D)a venule.
A)a nerve.
B)a red blood cell.
C)an arteriole.
D)a venule.
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34
Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
A)arterioles
B)veins
C)venules
D)capillaries
A)arterioles
B)veins
C)venules
D)capillaries
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35
The main function of the AV node is to
A)initiate the heartbeat.
B)set the rhythm of the heartbeat.
C)relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
D)relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.
A)initiate the heartbeat.
B)set the rhythm of the heartbeat.
C)relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
D)relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.
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36
As blood moves away from the heart toward the tissues, the relative size of blood vessels ________, the blood pressure ________, and the velocity of blood flow ________.
A)decreases; drops; slows
B)decreases; increases; increases
C)decreases; drops; increases
D)increases; drops; slows
A)decreases; drops; slows
B)decreases; increases; increases
C)decreases; drops; increases
D)increases; drops; slows
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37
Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure?
A)regular exercise
B)eating a heart-healthy diet
C)smoking
D)maintaining proper weight
A)regular exercise
B)eating a heart-healthy diet
C)smoking
D)maintaining proper weight
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38
Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its length depends upon
A)whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes.
B)whether or not the fluid contains oxygen.
C)the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
D)the needs of the tissue.
A)whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes.
B)whether or not the fluid contains oxygen.
C)the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
D)the needs of the tissue.
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39
Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is false?
A)Normal blood pressure for adult humans is usually at or below 120/80.
B)Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80.
C)High blood pressure can lead to an enlarged and weakened heart, increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
D)The higher number in a blood pressure reading measures the force of a heart contraction.
A)Normal blood pressure for adult humans is usually at or below 120/80.
B)Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80.
C)High blood pressure can lead to an enlarged and weakened heart, increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
D)The higher number in a blood pressure reading measures the force of a heart contraction.
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40
The location of the heart's pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the
A)atrioventricular node.
B)sinoatrial node.
C)Purkinje fibers.
D)left ventricle.
A)atrioventricular node.
B)sinoatrial node.
C)Purkinje fibers.
D)left ventricle.
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41
Which of the following can increase red blood cell concentration in a unit of blood?
A)training at low altitudes
B)reducing blood levels of EPO
C)blood doping
D)hydration
A)training at low altitudes
B)reducing blood levels of EPO
C)blood doping
D)hydration
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42
Stem cells found in the red marrow inside bones
A)phagocytize bacterial cells.
B)are primarily important in blood clotting.
C)are responsible for an immune response.
D)can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets.
A)phagocytize bacterial cells.
B)are primarily important in blood clotting.
C)are responsible for an immune response.
D)can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets.
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43
Which of the following statements about blood clotting is true?
A)The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels.
B)During the clotting response, platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid.
C)Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen.
D)Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.
A)The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels.
B)During the clotting response, platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid.
C)Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen.
D)Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.
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44
Which of the following cells are phagocytes?
A)monocytes and neutrophils
B)basophils and eosinophils
C)lymphocytes only
D)lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils
A)monocytes and neutrophils
B)basophils and eosinophils
C)lymphocytes only
D)lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils
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45
Sometimes when a person in a movie is stabbed or cut, blood forcefully sprays out of the wound. This is realistic only if the severed vessel is under a high degree of pressure. Which of the following vessels, if severed, would result in the most forceful spray of blood?
A)pulmonary artery
B)inferior vena cava
C)capillaries in the body
D)aorta
A)pulmonary artery
B)inferior vena cava
C)capillaries in the body
D)aorta
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46
Bone marrow stem cells are sometimes used to treat certain blood cell diseases, such as
A)leukemia.
B)anemia.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)hemophilia.
A)leukemia.
B)anemia.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)hemophilia.
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47
Which of the following molecules is least likely to be able to pass through a capillary wall?
A)an enzyme
B)a sodium ion
C)glucose
D)oxygen
A)an enzyme
B)a sodium ion
C)glucose
D)oxygen
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48
Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein
A)thrombin.
B)sealin.
C)hemophilin.
D)fibrinogen.
A)thrombin.
B)sealin.
C)hemophilin.
D)fibrinogen.
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49
During exercise, your heart rate can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 144 beats per minute, approximately how long would diastole last?
A)0)2 second
B)0)6 second
C)0)8 second
D)1)6 seconds
A)0)2 second
B)0)6 second
C)0)8 second
D)1)6 seconds
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50
Imagine that blood did not contain any dissolved proteins. What would likely happen when this abnormal blood flows through a capillary bed?
A)Nearly all of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries.
B)None of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries.
C)Some of the proteins in the interstitial fluid would flow into the capillaries.
D)The blood would flow normally through the capillaries.
A)Nearly all of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries.
B)None of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries.
C)Some of the proteins in the interstitial fluid would flow into the capillaries.
D)The blood would flow normally through the capillaries.
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51
A woman has been standing in one place without moving for a long time. You walk by and notice that her ankles are swollen. What is a likely explanation for this observation?
A)Since the woman has not flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the veins so stays pooled at her ankles.
B)The woman's blood pressure has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at the her ankles.
C)Since the woman hasn't flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the arteries so stays pooled at her ankles.
D)The woman's heart rate has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at her ankles.
A)Since the woman has not flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the veins so stays pooled at her ankles.
B)The woman's blood pressure has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at the her ankles.
C)Since the woman hasn't flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the arteries so stays pooled at her ankles.
D)The woman's heart rate has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at her ankles.
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52
You conduct a study with mice to determine whether giving them air with a higher than normal oxygen level results in their having a higher than normal oxygen content in their blood. What vessel should you draw blood from if you want to measure the highest potential level of oxygen content in the blood?
A)superior vena cava
B)pulmonary vein
C)pulmonary artery
D)aorta
A)superior vena cava
B)pulmonary vein
C)pulmonary artery
D)aorta
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53
What is the most common cause of anemia?
A)vitamin deficiency
B)low blood pressure
C)iron deficiency
D)inefficient hemoglobin production
A)vitamin deficiency
B)low blood pressure
C)iron deficiency
D)inefficient hemoglobin production
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54
Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume?
A)10%
B)25%
C)45%
D)80%
A)10%
B)25%
C)45%
D)80%
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55
An adult human's red blood cells are formed in the
A)spleen.
B)liver.
C)bone marrow.
D)thoracic cavity.
A)spleen.
B)liver.
C)bone marrow.
D)thoracic cavity.
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56
How long do human red blood cells circulate in the blood before they wear out and have to be replaced?
A)1 to 2 weeks
B)1 month
C)3 to 4 months
D)10 to 12 months
A)1 to 2 weeks
B)1 month
C)3 to 4 months
D)10 to 12 months
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57
Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following activities except
A)fighting infection.
B)maintaining osmotic balance.
C)carrying oxygen.
D)blood clotting.
A)fighting infection.
B)maintaining osmotic balance.
C)carrying oxygen.
D)blood clotting.
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58
During exercise, your cardiac output can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 150 beats per minute and the volume of blood pumped per beat is 75 mL, what is your cardiac output?
A)5 L/min
B)11.25 L/min
C)11,250 L/min
D)50,000 L/min
A)5 L/min
B)11.25 L/min
C)11,250 L/min
D)50,000 L/min
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59
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. In adult humans, hematocrit is roughly 40-45%, but it can be much higher or lower in other animals. Consider the Weddell seal, a mammal that can dive and hold its breath underwater for upwards of 80 minutes. What is the hematocrit level of a Weddell seal, and why?
A)It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving.
B)It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.
C)It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving.
D)It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.
A)It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving.
B)It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.
C)It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving.
D)It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.
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60
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true?
A)The main function of erythrocytes is to carry nutrients.
B)Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks.
C)Each erythrocyte contains about 1 million molecules of hemoglobin.
D)Erythrocytes in adult humans have nuclei.
A)The main function of erythrocytes is to carry nutrients.
B)Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks.
C)Each erythrocyte contains about 1 million molecules of hemoglobin.
D)Erythrocytes in adult humans have nuclei.
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61
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
The results suggest that the smallest flow volume would be found in the ________ of the human body.
A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
The results suggest that the smallest flow volume would be found in the ________ of the human body.
A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles
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62
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
How much blood is ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction?
A)35 mL
B)65 mL
C)70 mL
D)135 mL
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
How much blood is ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction?
A)35 mL
B)65 mL
C)70 mL
D)135 mL
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63
Ventricular contraction normally begins at the apex (bottom of the heart). What would likely happen if ventricular contraction originated at the intersection of the atria and the ventricles instead?
A)Blood would be pumped through the semilunar valves.
B)Blood would be pumped through the AV valves.
C)Blood would be pumped back into the atria.
D)Blood would be pumped down to the apex of the heart.
A)Blood would be pumped through the semilunar valves.
B)Blood would be pumped through the AV valves.
C)Blood would be pumped back into the atria.
D)Blood would be pumped down to the apex of the heart.
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64
Which part of this figure depicts an arteriole?
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
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65
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
Aortic stenosis is a disease in which the aortic valve (the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta)narrows, resulting in increased left ventricular pressure and reduced ejection volume (the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects). What would the pressure-volume graph for a patient with aortic stenosis look like compared to the graph shown above for a healthy young adult?
A)taller and wider
B)taller and narrower
C)shorter and narrower
D)shorter and wide
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
Aortic stenosis is a disease in which the aortic valve (the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta)narrows, resulting in increased left ventricular pressure and reduced ejection volume (the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects). What would the pressure-volume graph for a patient with aortic stenosis look like compared to the graph shown above for a healthy young adult?
A)taller and wider
B)taller and narrower
C)shorter and narrower
D)shorter and wide
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66
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
If the time it takes to go around the loop is 1 second, what is the cardiac output in units of liters per minute?
A)3)9 L/min
B)4)2 L/min
C)7)0 L/min
D)8)1 L/min
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
If the time it takes to go around the loop is 1 second, what is the cardiac output in units of liters per minute?
A)3)9 L/min
B)4)2 L/min
C)7)0 L/min
D)8)1 L/min
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67
In which part of this figure would blood have the lowest oxygen content?
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
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68
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Ron and Tiffany modified the experiment to see how long it would take to pass 1,000 mL of fluid through each tube. Based on these results shown in the table, which tube would it take the longest for 1,000 mL of fluid to flow through?
A)tube A
B)tube B
C)tube C
D)tube E
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Ron and Tiffany modified the experiment to see how long it would take to pass 1,000 mL of fluid through each tube. Based on these results shown in the table, which tube would it take the longest for 1,000 mL of fluid to flow through?
A)tube A
B)tube B
C)tube C
D)tube E
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69
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point on the diagram does the aortic valve (the semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle and the aorta)open?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point on the diagram does the aortic valve (the semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle and the aorta)open?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
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70
Which of the following describes the stage of the cardiac cycle shown?
A)AV and SL valves both open, ventricles contracting
B)AV valves open, SL valves closed, ventricles contracting
C)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles contracting
D)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles relaxed
A)AV and SL valves both open, ventricles contracting
B)AV valves open, SL valves closed, ventricles contracting
C)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles contracting
D)AV valves closed, SL valves open, ventricles relaxed
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71
Which part of this figure depicts a pulmonary artery?
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D
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72
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment?
A)The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume.
B)The larger the tube diameter, the smaller the flow volume.
C)The tube diameter shows no clear relationship to flow volume.
D)The flow rate through the largest tube is approximately twice that through the smallest tube.
Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment?
A)The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume.
B)The larger the tube diameter, the smaller the flow volume.
C)The tube diameter shows no clear relationship to flow volume.
D)The flow rate through the largest tube is approximately twice that through the smallest tube.
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73
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point of the diagram is the left ventricle filled with the least amount of blood and at the highest pressure?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
At what point of the diagram is the left ventricle filled with the least amount of blood and at the highest pressure?
A)point A
B)point B
C)point C
D)point D
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74
After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
What part of the diagram represents diastole?
A)point B
B)point C
C)the line between points A and B
D)the line between points C and D
To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop.
The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle.
What part of the diagram represents diastole?
A)point B
B)point C
C)the line between points A and B
D)the line between points C and D
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75
A red blood cell is in an artery in the right leg. How many capillary beds will it pass through before it returns to the left atrium of the heart?
A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
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76
You are taking someone's blood pressure and are listening to sounds of blood flow just under the blood pressure cuff. If this person is hypertensive and has a blood pressure of 140/90, what would be the blood pressure associated with the first sound you hear?
A)above 140 mm Hg
B)between 90 and 140 mm Hg
C)below 90 mm Hg
D)between 70 and 120 mm Hg
A)above 140 mm Hg
B)between 90 and 140 mm Hg
C)below 90 mm Hg
D)between 70 and 120 mm Hg
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77
To view the path of blood flow through the heart and body, scientists and physicians perform an angiogram by injecting a dye into the blood and monitoring its movement. Imagine that this dye was injected into the pulmonary vein. Which of the following is the correct order of structures that the dye will flow through?
A)lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle
B)left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body arteries
C)right atrium, right ventricle, aorta, body arteries
D)lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle
A)lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle
B)left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body arteries
C)right atrium, right ventricle, aorta, body arteries
D)lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle
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Unlock for access to all 77 flashcards in this deck.
