Exam 23: Circulation

Bone marrow stem cells are sometimes used to treat certain blood cell diseases, such as

Which part of this figure depicts an arteriole?

During exercise, your heart rate can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 144 beats per minute, approximately how long would diastole last?

What is the most common cause of anemia?

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. Ron and Tiffany are studying circulatory system function. They designed an experiment to test whether the diameter of a tube affects the rate of flow through the tube. In their experiment, they ran water from a large container through five tubes with different diameters for exactly 30 seconds for each tube. They measured the volume of liquid that passed through the tube during the 30-second period, testing each tube three times and pouring the water back into the container after each test. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table. -Ron and Tiffany modified the experiment to see how long it would take to pass 1,000 mL of fluid through each tube. Based on these results shown in the table, which tube would it take the longest for 1,000 mL of fluid to flow through?

Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart?

In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?

A red blood cell is in an artery in the right leg. How many capillary beds will it pass through before it returns to the left atrium of the heart?

From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the

The main function of the AV node is to

Which of the following is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States?

In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium.

Ventricular contraction normally begins at the apex (bottom of the heart). What would likely happen if ventricular contraction originated at the intersection of the atria and the ventricles instead?

Adaptation to terrestrial life involved major evolutionary changes. The change from gill breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop. The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle. -Aortic stenosis is a disease in which the aortic valve (the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta)narrows, resulting in increased left ventricular pressure and reduced ejection volume (the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects). What would the pressure-volume graph for a patient with aortic stenosis look like compared to the graph shown above for a healthy young adult?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. To evaluate cardiac function, scientists and physicians measure both the pressure and the volume inside the heart. When both pressure and volume data are plotted on the same graph, the resulting graph is called a pressure-volume loop. To create a pressure-volume loop, a catheter (a thin tube) is inserted into the vessels of the heart, and measurements of both left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume are taken. The data are plotted on a graph, and cardiac function can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data and the shape of the loop. The figure below shows a typical left ventricle pressure-volume loop for a healthy young adult. The cardiac cycle proceeds counterclockwise. Each complete turn around the loop (for example, starting at point A and ending back at point A) represents one complete cardiac cycle. -How much blood is ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction?

Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four-chambered heart. This is the result of

Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers?

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?