Deck 16: Juvenile Corrections: Probation

Question 1

Currently some critics believe _____ has improved conditions in training schools.

A)Federal mandates
B)Public scrutiny
C)Shorter confinements
D)Professionalism among staff

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In _____ the U.S.First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a suit brought by residents at the Maricao Juvenile Camp in Puerto Rico on the grounds that the administration had failed to provide them with an individualized rehabilitation plan or adequate treatment.

A)Nelson v.Heyne
B)Graham v.Florida
C)Morales v.Turman
D)Santana v.Callazo

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The _____ policy mandates that courts use the least restrictive alternative in providing services for status offenders.

A)Safe Community
B)Rehabilitation
C)Institutional
D)Decarceration

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The _____ prepares the predisposition report for the court.

A)Judge
B)Juvenile probation officer
C)Prosecutor
D)Juvenile's parents/guardians

Question 5

______ provide for juveniles who are orphans or whose parents cannot care for them to be placed with families who provide the attention, guidance, and care they did not receive at home.

A)Group homes
B)Foster care programs
C)Family group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 6

In _____, the court held that all juveniles confined in training schools in Texas have the right to treatment, including development of educational skills, delivery of vocational education, medical and psychiatric treatment, and adequate living conditions.

A)Pena v.New York State Division for Youth
B)Ralstan v.Robinson
C)Roper v.Simmons
D)Morales v.Turman

Question 7

Today, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, have _____ restitution programs.

A)Formal
B)Statutory
C)Voluntary
D)Informal

Question 8

_____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates' environment part of their treatment and to minimize differences between custodial staff and treatment personnel.

A)Milieu therapy
B)Community treatment
C)Guided group interactions
D)Behavior modification

Question 9

By _____, probation had become a mandatory part of the court system.

A)1875
B)1890
C)1910
D)1930

Question 10

_____ is one of the most common treatment approaches, and virtually all juvenile institutions use it to some degree.

A)Behavior modification
B)Milieu therapy
C)Positive peer culture
D)Individual counseling

Question 11

_____ is the most widely used method of restitution in the United States.

A)Monetary restitution
B)Victim service restitution
C)Community service restitution
D)Independent restitution

Question 12

_____ established minimum standards for all juveniles confined in training schools.

A)Nelson v.Heyne
B)Inmates of the Boys' Training School v.Affleck
C)Ralston v.Robinson
D)Pena v.New York State Division for Youth

Question 13

In _____ the U.S.Supreme Court held that the offender's proven dangerousness outweighed the possible effects of rehabilitation.

A)Ralston v.Robinson
B)Santana v.Callazo
C)Morales v.Turman
D)Nelson v.Heyne

Question 14

Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender,
Competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender are called _____.

A)Therapeutic programming
B)Restorative justice
C)Innovative justice
D)Balanced probation

Question 15

_____ is credited with taking the first step toward juvenile probation.

A)Massachusetts
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Iowa

Question 16

Approximately _____ percent of youths who received restitution as a condition of probation successfully completed their orders.

A)35
B)48
C)74
D)92

Question 17

The California 8% Solution speaks to the _____.

A)Percentage of juvenile offenders on probation in California.
B)Percentage of juvenile offenders who are responsible for the majority of crime.
C)Percentage of juveniles in detention facilities in California.
D)Percentage of juveniles in California enrolled in therapy programs.

Question 18

The process and experience of the transition of juveniles from juvenile and adult correctional settings back into schools, families, communities, and society at large is referred to as _____.

A)Parole
B)Integration
C)Probation
D)Reentry

Question 19

Correctional centers designed especially for juveniles by federal, state, and county governments are called _____________.

A)Juvenile jails
B)Institutional treatment facilities
C)Community treatment facilities
D)Community prisons

Question 20

A non-punitive strategy for delinquency control that attempts to address the issues that
Produce conflict between two parties and reconcile the parties is referred to as _____.

A)Step programming
B)Restorative justice
C)Innovative justice
D)Therapeutic programming

Question 21

In _____ the courts condemned the use of corporal punishment in juvenile institutions.

A)Nelson v.Heyne
B)Ralston v.Robinson
C)Morales v.Turman
D)Santana v.Callazo

Question 22

Most delinquents are held in _____ facilities.

Question 23

According to the text, one study found that _____ percent of juvenile offenders diagnosed with a mental disorder received treatment.

Question 24

According to the Juvenile Residential Facility Census, _____ percent of the reporting juvenile facilities are overcrowded.

A)12
B)22
C)31
D)38

Question 25

Most status offenders are held in _____ facilities.

Question 26

A true alternative to incarceration that involves almost daily supervision of the juvenile by the probation officer assigned to the case is called _______________.

Question 27

_____ accounts for 56 percent of all juvenile dispositions and its use has decreased somewhat in the last decade.

Question 28

In _____, the Court held that the use of tranquilizing drugs violates the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

A)Ralston v.Robinson
B)Graham v.Florida
C)Inmates of the Boys' Training School v.Affleck
D)Pena v.New York State Division for Youth

Question 29

_____ opened the first reform school for juveniles.

A)Massachusetts
B)Illinois
C)New York
D)Iowa

Question 30

Institutions in which educational and psychological services are used in an effort to improve
The conduct of juveniles who are forcibly detained are called _____.

A)Foster homes
B)Houses of refuge
C)Reform schools
D)Cottage systems

Question 31

Legal decisions have mandated that a juvenile cannot simply be warehoused in a correctional center but must receive _____ to aid rehabilitation.

Question 32

_____ and _____ have the lowest juvenile custody rates (81 and 92, respectively).

A)Oregon, Vermont
B)Illinois, South Dakota
C)Vermont, Hawaii
D)Hawaii, South Dakota

Question 33

_____ include forestry camps, ranches, and farms that provide recreational activities or work for juveniles.

Question 34

_____ makes the greatest use of custodial treatment, incarcerating 672 delinquents in juvenile facilities per 100,000 juveniles in the population.

A)Oregon
B)South Dakota
C)California
D)Vermont

Question 35

The first House of Refuge was established in _____.

A)Boston
B)New York
C)Chicago
D)New Orleans

Question 36

Research has found that the difference in custody rates between African American and white youths is the result of ______.

A)Indeterminate sentences
B)Disparity at early stages of case processing
C)African-Americans' reliance on public defenders
D)Plea bargaining by white youth

Question 37

Most juvenile institutions maintain _____ featuring individual or group therapy.

Question 38

The success of reality therapy depends greatly on _______________.

A)Highly structured counseling
B)A system of punishments and rewards
C)Warmth and concern of the counselor
D)Parent/guardian involvement

Question 39

A reduction in the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or
otherwise punished is known as a(n)_______________.

Question 40

Transitional assistance to juveniles to help youths adjust to community life is referred to as _____.

Question 41

What differences regarding female institutions are addressed in the text? Discuss the American Bar Association and the National Bar Association's recommendations of changes regarding female juveniles in institutions.Explain your view of the recommended changes.What additional changes do you believe should be considered, why?

Question 42

Discuss the Massachusetts Experience.What impact did the Massachusetts Experience have on community programs, in your opinion was this a positive or negative impact? Explain.

Question 43

Describe the history of juvenile institutions.

Question 44

Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes is the most widely used form of
restitution in the United States.

Question 45

Males are more likely than females to be incarcerated for status offenses.

Question 46

Six out of seven juvenile offenders in residential placement are male.

Question 47

According to the text, many citizens prefer community-based programs for all but the most serious juvenile offenders.

Question 48

Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in
electronic monitoring programs than in traditional programs.

Question 49

_______________ is based on the theory that through group interactions, a delinquent can
acknowledge and solve personal problems.

Question 50

Programs involving outdoor expeditions that provide opportunities for juveniles to confront
the difficulties of their lives while achieving positive personal satisfaction are/is called
________________.

Question 51

A probation sentence implies a contract between the court and the juvenile.

Question 52

What is restorative justice? Discuss the seven core values that characterize restorative justice.Explain your view of this concept.

Question 53

Aftercare in the juvenile justice system is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system.

Question 54

A technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments is
referred to as ______.

Question 55

Discuss juvenile probation.Explain your view of juvenile probation, do you agree or disagree with the use of probation for juveniles?

Question 56

Highly structured counseling in which a therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment to society is called reality therapy.

Question 57

Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back to the central office.

Question 58

Highly structured counseling in which a skilled therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and
make a more positive adjustment to society is referred to as _____.

Question 59

Surveys indicate that as many as 60-70% of adult prison inmates had prior experience with juvenile court.

Question 60

It is now common to enhance probation with more restrictive forms of treatment such as intensive supervision and _____.

Question 61

Discuss the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model, include the five basic principles.Do you believe this to be a viable model? Explain why or why not.

Question 62

Describe behavior modification.Explain your view on this theory.

Question 63

Describe wilderness probation programs.Do you believe these programs have value, why or why not?

Question 64

Discuss educational, vocational, and recreational programs utilized in the treatment of juvenile offenders.Describe how these programs are beneficial to juveniles.

Question 65

Discuss Inmates of the Boys' Training School v.Affleck (1972).Explain your view on Affleck.