Deck 5: Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Question 1

The New Age practice of surrounding one's self with crystals has a strong positive effect on ____________.

A)mental health
B)the immune system's response to illness
C)the prospects for world peace
D)the bank accounts of rock shop owners

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How is chloride different from chlorine?

A)Chloride is chlorine's anion.
B)Chloride has more protons than chlorine.
C)Chloride has fewer protons than chlorine.
D)A and B are correct.
E) A and C are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All minerals are held together by ionic bonds.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Natural glass is NOT considered a mineral because it ____________.

A)is not produced by geologic processes
B)is organic
C)does not have a fixed crystalline structure
D)can be made synthetically as well as being a naturally occurring substance

Question 5

Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition.They must also possess ____________.

A)an ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as being found in nature
B)metallic elements,such as iron,calcium,or magnesium
C)metallic luster
D)a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions)

Question 6

Diamond and graphite are both polymorphs of pure silicon.

Question 7

A single mineral may take on multiple crystalline lattice structures.

Question 8

It is rare for mineral crystals to display any sort of symmetry (invariance of pattern with respect to a transformation,such as rotation or mirror-image reflection).

Question 9

Five trillion atoms can fit into the head of an atom.Which of the following is in the correct order of smallest to largest?

A)atom,nucleus,proton,electron
B)electron,proton,nucleus,atom
C)proton,electron,nucleus,atom
D)atom,electron,nucleus,proton

Question 10

All minerals are chemical compounds (composed of more than one element).

Question 11

The internal ordering of mineral crystals is detected using ____________.

A)magnetic resonance imaging
B)X-ray diffraction
C)a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
D)cathodized axial tomography

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

A)petroleum (oil),which is a liquid
B)cubic zirconia,which is a synthetic diamond substitute that is not found in nature
C)ice,which is water in the solid state
D)Neither A nor B are minerals;however,C is a mineral.

Question 13

The vast majority of mineral types _____________ .

A)are quite common
B)are rare
C)form under special conditions
D)occur in a variety of rock types
E)A and D are both correct.
F)B and C are both correct.

Question 14

Two types of bonds that depend upon polarity are ____________ and ____________.

A)hydrogen bonds;van der Waals bonds
B)ionic bonds;covalent bonds
C)hydrogen bonds;metallic bonds
D)ionic bonds;van der Waals bonds

Question 15

Two different distinct minerals may have the same chemical formula.

Question 16

Minerals utilized by humans as a source of metal are termed ____________.

A)metallic minerals
B)ore minerals
C)source minerals

Question 17

Which common mineral is found in most kitchens?

A)flour
B)sugar
C)halite
D)mustard

Question 18

In nature most examples of minerals do NOT grow as large,well-formed,euhedral crystals.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

A)quartz
B)diamond
C)petroleum
D)gold

Question 20

Minerals in geodes (see below)form spectacular euhedral crystals because ____________.

A)all of the elements incorporated in the crystals are in plentiful supply
B)the crystals have abundant room to grow in their hollow surroundings
C)minerals within geodes are always framework silicates
D)minerals within geodes always contain iron

Question 21

Topaz,with Mohs hardness of 8,is twice as hard as fluorite,with Mohs hardness of 4.

Question 22

With regard to minerals,hardness refers to ____________.

A)the ability to resist breaking when being struck with a hammer
B)the ability to resist being scratched by other substances
C)the ability to resist chemical reactions with other substances
D)an absence of cleavage

Question 23

When in contact with hydrochloric acid,which mineral gives off bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?

A)quartz
B)halite
C)calcite
D)fluorite

Question 24

The ____________ of new solid grains called _____________ results from oversaturated solutions.

A)precipitate;precipitation
B)precipitation;precipitate

Question 25

Ore minerals,such as galena and hematite,tend to be distinct in their very ____________.

A)dark coloration
B)diamond-like crystal habit
C)great specific gravity
D)vitreous luster

Question 26

The single property that can be used to identify any mineral is ____________.

A)color
B)luster
C)cleavage
D)None of the above are correct;multiple properties must be used to diagnose a mineral.

Question 27

Minerals can be destroyed by ___________ .

A)melting
B)chemical reactions
C)dissolving
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 28

The most useful diagnostic property of minerals is their color in a hand sample.

Question 29

Cleavage in minerals refers to ____________.

A)a tendency to break in an irregular pattern
B)a tendency to break along planes of weakness
C)the sharpness of edges between crystal faces
D)the development of distinct crystal faces

Question 30

Minerals that do not possess cleavage are said to possess ____________.

A)invulnerability
B)fracture
C)solidity
D)massiveness

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a way crystals can form?

A)solidification of a melt
B)precipitation from solution
C)solid-state diffusion
D)biomineralization
E)precipitation from gas
F)None of the above are correct.

Question 32

For the majority of minerals,the streak color obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is ____________.

A)likely to be diagnostic only if the mineral is hard enough to scratch porcelain
B)more variable than the color in a hand sample among crystals
C)less variable than the color in a hand sample among crystals
D)always dark brown or black

Question 33

Trace amounts of impurity in a mineral can commonly produce significant differences in ____________ among individual crystals of this mineral.

A)color
B)specific gravity
C)luster
D)streak

Question 34

The most recently formed portion of any crystal is always found ____________.

A)deep within the interior
B)on the outer edges

Question 35

____________ is a mineral property defined by the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1g/cm3).

A)Color
B)Specific gravity
C)Luster
D)Streak

Question 36

Which of the following minerals is softest?

A)quartz
B)calcite
C)talc
D)fluorite

Question 37

Which of the following minerals is hardest?

A)quartz
B)calcite
C)talc
D)fluorite

Question 38

The shininess of a mineral is a helpful diagnostic property termed ____________.

A)color
B)specific gravity
C)luster
D)streak

Question 39

Synthetically made glass and natural quartz crystals both exhibit a fracture pattern termed ____________.

A)glassy
B)conchoidal
C)serpentine
D)obtuse

Question 40

The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed ____________.

A)color
B)specific gravity
C)luster
D)streak

Question 41

Which two gems are special versions of the common mineral corundum (Al₂O₃)?

A)emeralds and rubies
B)emeralds and sapphires
C)aquamarines and emeralds
D)sapphires and rubies

Question 42

Which common gemstone results from biomineralization?

A)diamonds
B)garnets
C)pearls
D)sapphires

Question 43

Most commercially exploited metals are extracted from the ground as native elements.

Question 44

The diamonds we see today do not display their natural crystal faces,but rather ____________,a typical engagement ring bearing 57 of them.

A)faces
B)facets
C)cleavage planes
D)facades

Question 45

Diamonds are usually found in pipes 50 to 200 m across made of _____________.

A)kimberlite
B)graphite
C)metamorphic rocks

Question 46

Gemstones are commonly found in pegmatites,which are igneous rocks that are ____________.

A)exceptionally mafic
B)extrusive,forming from lava
C)exceptionally coarse grained
D)exceptionally fine grained

Question 47

Minerals are classified into groups primarily on a basis of ____________.

A)chemistry,specifically the cations within the chemical formula
B)chemistry,specifically the anions within the chemical formula
C)hardness;hard,soft,and medium are the three primary classes
D)number of cleavage directions present

Question 48

The silica tetrahedron that forms the backbone of all the silicate minerals is composed of silicon and what other element?

A)magnesium
B)oxygen
C)iron
D)carbon

Question 49

In silicate minerals,tetrahedra may be coordinated to form ____________.

A)long one-dimensional chains
B)extensive two-dimensional sheets
C)massive three-dimensional frameworks
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 50

The most abundant minerals belong to chemical group termed the ____________.

A)silicates
B)carbonates
C)halides
D)oxides

Question 51

In which type of silicate are the greatest proportion of oxygen atoms shared by pairs of adjacent tetrahedra?

A)chain silicates
B)framework silicates
C)sheet silicates
D)Sharing of oxygen atoms does not occur in silicates.