Deck 6: Managing Change, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

Question 1

___________ is a significant breakthrough in technology that leads to design competition and a new technology cycle.

A)Strategic change
B)Discontinuous change
C)Technological change
D)Incremental change

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following organizations is known to have a strong innovative culture?

A)Burger King
B)U.S.Postal Service
C)Google
D)Sears

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Research in Motion (RIM) dominated the cell phone market for several years with their popular BlackBerry smartphone.Complacent, RIM did not feel the need to adapt to a changing cell phone market with the introduction of the Apple iPhone.Google later entered the cell phone market with their line of Android smartphones.Today, both Apple and Google dominate the market with 94% of the market share while RIM holds only 2.3%.What caused RIM to lose their dominance of the cell phone market?

A)Technology adoption curve
B)Technology cycles
C)Failing to take risks
D)Lack of customers

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When implementing innovative changes, one faces ______.

A)adversity
B)pushback
C)risk
D)objections

Question 5

___________ is the alteration of existing work routines and strategies that affect the whole organization.

A)Organizational change
B)Incremental change
C)Structure change
D)Discontinuous change

Question 6

What are the types of change that can occur in an organization?

A)Environment, technology cycles, and next generation
B)Incremental and discontinuous
C)Strategy, structure, technology, and people
D)Management, personnel, and policies

Question 7

According to the technology adoption curve, the last group to adopt a new technology is referred to as __________.

A)late majority
B)last movers
C)delayers
D)laggards

Question 8

Amazon developed and released the Kindle TV Set-Top Box to compete with both the Apple TV and Microsoft's Xbox One.Which force for change is being demonstrated?

A)Technology cycles
B)The environment
C)Next generation
D)Strategy

Question 9

According to the technology adoption curve, the first group to adopt a new technology is referred to as __________.

A)early adopters
B)innovators
C)fast movers
D)first buyers

Question 10

The goal of the _____________________ is to lower costs and incrementally improve performance and functions of the existing dominant design.

A)enhancement approach
B)compression approach
C)gradual approach
D)developmental approach

Question 11

___________ is continual improvement that takes place within the existing technology cycle.

A)Strategic change
B)Discontinuous change
C)Technological change
D)Incremental change

Question 12

Two important types of innovation are _______________.

A)technology and process
B)product and people
C)product and process
D)process and people

Question 13

John is an owner of a franchise that produces custom signs and banners.Prior to the recession, the majority of John's business came in the form of walk-in and repeat customers.After the recession, the amount of traffic to his shop dwindled and his business was suffering.John decided to hire an outside salesperson to actively find new business rather than wait for new business to come to him.What type of change did John implement?

A)Strategy
B)Structure
C)Technology
D)People

Question 14

A __________ project is one typically developed by a small and loosely structured group of people who research and develop a project primarily for the sake of radical innovation.

A)greenfields
B)brownfields
C)skunkworks
D)changeworks

Question 15

Online streaming and downloading of music have replaced the compact disc.Which of the following is this an example of?

A)The environment
B)Technology cycles
C)Next generation
D)Innovation

Question 16

In 2007, Apple Inc.released the iPhone, which was a breakthrough in the cell phone market.Today, competitors such as Samsung, Motorola, and HTC each have smartphones on the market that closely resemble the iPhone in both form and functionality.What form of change did the first iPhone demonstrate?

A)Organizational
B)Incremental
C)Structural
D)Discontinuous

Question 17

In 2006, Microsoft released the Xbox 360, which was capable of playing older Xbox games.This is an example of __________.

A)technology cycle
B)next generation
C)failing to take risk
D)technology adoption curve

Question 18

During discontinuous change, one should manage innovation using ____________.

A)the generational change approach
B)the experimental approach
C)the compression approach
D)the trial approach

Question 19

___________ is the implementation of a new idea.

A)Concentration
B)Creativity
C)Entrepreneurship
D)Innovation

Question 20

Innovative structures commonly share all of the following characteristics, except __________.

A)flexibility
B)specialist division of labor
C)limited bureaucracy
D)coordination with cross-functional teams

Question 21

What is a major focus of resistance to change?

A)Work environment
B)Intensity
C)Beliefs
D)Employees

Question 22

A new policy at work requires Jason to stay later on Wednesdays to attend mandatory project meetings.Wednesdays are usually when Jason takes his daughter to soccer practice.Jason would rather have the project meetings earlier in the morning on Wednesdays or stay later on Thursdays so he can still make time for his daughter.What is Jason's reason for resisting change?

A)Learning anxiety
B)Self-interest
C)Fear of loss
D)Uncertainty

Question 23

The team at TeleCorp was very impressed by their competitor's most recent release.They found it intriguing and are worried about some of their current customers switching services since they do not have a comparable product.They have begun doing their own research in this new field and thinking about how to create their own offering.What stage of the change process are they in?

A)Commitment
B)Resistance
C)Denial
D)Exploration

Question 24

Which is not a major source of resistance to change?

A)Facts
B)Beliefs
C)Values
D)Attitudes

Question 25

Mary is a new supervisor working with a preexisting staff that has resisted many of the new policies she has put into place.She realizes that she may have overstepped boundaries with the staff and has made efforts to make sure the staff knows she has their best interests in mind.She has encouraged staff members to suggest their own ideas and emphasizes that their input is important in making decisions.How is Mary overcoming resistance with her staff?

A)By creating a win-win situation
B)By creating urgency
C)By clearly state why the change is needed and how it will affect employees
D)By developing a positive trust climate for change

Question 26

Sally was recently assigned to an important advertising campaign for WonderCorp's new project.She is usually the leader of cash operations and has not done any major advertising since she graduated three years ago.Sally is scared she might ruin the advertisement and create a bad name for the company.What is Sally's reason for resisting change?

A)Learning anxiety
B)Self-interest
C)Fear of loss
D)Uncertainty

Question 27

Which of the major sources of resistance to change deals with what is important to us and pertains to right and wrong to help establish priorities?

A)Facts
B)Beliefs
C)Values
D)Attitudes

Question 28

Which of the following is not a way of overcoming change?

A)Create a win-win situation.
B)Create urgency.
C)Develop a united goal.
D)Develop a positive trust climate for change.

Question 29

Amanda has worked for Parks City Library for over ten years and has grown to love her job and her coworkers.Recently, there has been talk among the library workers that half of the existing workers will be transferred to the new library on the other side of town.Amanda is worried that Macy, her fellow worker of five years, will be one of the staff members moving to the new library.She hopes that both she and Macy will stay at the same library.What is Amanda's reason for resisting change?

A)Learning anxiety
B)Self-interest
C)Fear of loss
D)Uncertainty

Question 30

Orchid Incorporated recently recognized that some changes needed to be implemented.Due to this realization, an entirely new training program has been developed and is ready for implementation.Continuing down the current path could be dangerous for the future of the company, but this drastic change will not be easy.The staff has had some trouble adjusting, but most agree that this is now the way things are.The stage of change being undergone here is ________________.

A)experimentation
B)exploration
C)acceptance
D)commitment

Question 31

A new policy at work requires Jaxon to wear slacks every day of the week.Previously, he enjoyed wearing khakis or golf shorts to work on occasion.Since he works at a call center, he is never face-to-face with customers and does not like or understand this new policy.He does not understand the need for this new policy and is considering asking his management for explanation.He hopes he can still find a way to wear whatever pants or shorts he wants.We would consider Jaxon to be in which stage of the change process?

A)Resistance
B)Resentment
C)Questioning
D)Denial

Question 32

The goal of the _______________ is to make significant improvements in performance and to establish a new dominant design.

A)generational change approach
B)technology cycle
C)experimental approach
D)incremental change approach

Question 33

You are upset that the company is implementing a new policy for swapping scheduled shifts.The new policy requires employees to send a 48-hour notice when swapping scheduled shifts and waiting for supervisor approval before an actual swap can occur.You feel that the current policy in which employees can swap shifts at any time without supervisor approval is sufficient and that a change is not necessary.You don't see how the new policy can be implemented without becoming an inconvenience to both employees and supervisors, causing inefficiency in scheduling.What it at the core of your resistance to change?

A)Uncertainty
B)Learning anxiety
C)Self-interest
D)Fear of loss

Question 34

Mary is a new supervisor working with a preexisting staff that has resisted many of the new policies she has put into place.Mary explains to the staff that the new policies are more effective than the old ones because they save time and energy and allow the staff more time to spend serving customers.How is Mary overcoming resistance with her staff?

A)By creating a win-win situation
B)By creating urgency
C)By clearly state why the change is needed and how it will affect employees
D)By developing a positive trust climate for change

Question 35

Mitchel has worked for Smith's Construction Company for eight years and loves his job.Recently, a new manager was hired for his region and rumor has it that the new manager wants to bring in all his own staff and plans on laying off most of the existing workers.Many of Mitchel's friends have begun looking for new jobs, but Mitchel believes that there is no way he will be one of the ones to be let go.He is currently experiencing which stage of the change process?

A)Resistance
B)Denial
C)Commitment
D)Fighting

Question 36

David is discussing changes to the smoking policy at work.Though the company as a whole wants to execute a work environment that is smoke-free, over half of David's employees prefer to smoke during their lunch breaks in the break room.After many complaints about the new policy, David tries to appease these workers that want to smoke by redirecting them to smoke outside the building in designated smoking zones.How is David overcoming resistance with his staff?

A)By creating a win-win situation
B)By creating urgency
C)By clearly state why the change is needed and how it will affect employees
D)By developing a positive trust climate for change

Question 37

The four stages people tend to go through when facing change are ____________.

A)denial, resistance, consideration, and acceptance
B)questioning, fighting, hesitation, and acceptance
C)resistance, questioning, consideration, and commitment
D)denial, resistance, exploration, and commitment

Question 38

The strategy of the ______________ is to continue to improve the existing technology as rapidly as possible while still allowing the use of the old technology.

A)compression approach
B)generational change approach
C)next-generation approach
D)technology change approach

Question 39

The four-stage change process is ______________.

A)an ongoing process
B)a linear process
C)a singular cycle process
D)a forward motion process

Question 40

___________________ is necessary in order to implement change.

A)Exploration
B)Commitment
C)Resistance
D)Denial

Question 41

The first step in the comprehensive model for change is to __________.

A)recognize the need for change
B)plan the change interventions
C)identify possible resistance to the change
D)control the change

Question 42

The step in the comprehensive model that includes planning and implementing the change interventions correlates to which step in Lewin's change model?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 43

Forcefield analysis is ____________.

A)an organizational development intervention technique that brings together participants from all parts of the organization to problem solve or take advantage of opportunities
B)an organizational development intervention that diagrams the current level of performance, the forces hindering change, and the forces driving toward change
C)an organizational development intervention that uses a questionnaire to gather data to use as the basis for change
D)an organizational development intervention in which the change agent makes a direct recommendation for change

Question 44

The step in the comprehensive model that includes following up to ensure that the change is implemented and maintained correlates to which step in Lewin's change model?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 45

Survey feedback is ___________.

A)an organizational development intervention technique that brings together participants from all parts of the organization to problem solve or take advantage of opportunities
B)an organizational development intervention that diagrams the current level of performance, the forces hindering change, and the forces driving toward change
C)an organizational development intervention that uses a questionnaire to gather data to use as the basis for change
D)an organizational development intervention in which the change agent makes a direct recommendation for change

Question 46

The step in Lewin's change model that includes the change process in which employees learn new, desirable behaviors, skills, values, and attitudes is __________.

A)freezing
B)unfreezing
C)refreezing
D)moving

Question 47

Jen is a member of a team within her company that needs to solve the problem of why their customer base is decreasing.The team is small, with only seven members, including her.After Jen's boss gives the team their assignment, they begin to determine why their customer base is shrinking.They decide to make a diagram.Jen's group is using which organizational development intervention?

A)Process consultation
B)Survey feedback
C)Forcefield analysis
D)Work design

Question 48

___________ is the most widely used organizational development intervention technique today.

A)Sensitivity training
B)Process consultation
C)Forcefield analysis
D)Team building

Question 49

Which of the following major focuses of resistance to change asks the question, "What will I gain or lose?"

A)Self
B)Others
C)Work environment
D)Beliefs

Question 50

The last step in the comprehensive change model is to __________.

A)implement the change interventions
B)plan the change interventions
C)identify possible resistance to the change
D)control the change

Question 51

The step in the comprehensive model that includes identifying possible resistance to the change and planning how to overcome it correlates to which step in Lewin's change model?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 52

What is the commonly used method of managing planned change?

A)Organizational consideration
B)Creating urgency
C)Organizational development
D)Discontinuous change

Question 53

Diego is a manager at a local retro game shop.He has recently had to overhaul the firm's process of acquiring certain merchandise.In order to accomplish this new process, the entire staff had to be retrained.Although the change was initially met with some resistance, it is now becoming the standard within the company.At what stage in Lewin's change model is Diego's game shop in?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 54

Lucy has asked her staff to think of an idea for the company to have the competitive advantage in social media.Despite staff complaints, Lucy feels the need to take action and has encouraged staff members to make social media a high priority in development before another company takes the advantage.How is Mary overcoming resistance with her staff?

A)By creating a win-win situation
B)By creating urgency
C)By clearly state why the change is needed and how it will affect employees
D)By developing a positive trust climate for change

Question 55

Lewin's change model includes all of the following steps, except __________.

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 56

Kenzie is a manager at a golf course.She frequently receives complaints about the condition of the greens and realizes the procedure for maintaining the greens is no longer adequate.She is currently retraining the maintenance staff to correct the problem.At what stage in Lewin's change model is Kenzie's golf course in?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 57

The step in Lewin's change model that includes reducing the forces maintaining the status quo is __________.

A)freezing
B)unfreezing
C)refreezing
D)moving

Question 58

Eric is a manager at a local café.Eric frequently receives complaints about his staff and the overall customer satisfaction is low.Eric recognizes the need for change, but fears that his staff will be hesitant to embrace a change in the culture they have created.At what stage in Lewin's change model is Eric's cafe in?

A)Freezing
B)Unfreezing
C)Refreezing
D)Moving

Question 59

The _______________ is often responsible for organizational development throughout an organization while the ___________ is responsible for implementing an organizational change effort.

A)change agent; human resources management department
B)human resources management department; change agent
C)change agent; process consultant
D)process consultant; human recourses management department

Question 60

Resistance to change varies in its ______, ______, and ______.

A)intensity, attitude, facts
B)intensity, source, focus
C)urgency, source, commitment
D)focus, urgency, facts

Question 61

What is the first step to take after selecting a new business venture?

A)Begin purchasing inventory.
B)Look at real estate properties to locate the office.
C)Hire employees to divide the workload.
D)Write a business plan.

Question 62

Which of the following forms of organizational development intervention is the oldest and most popular technique at the department, division, and organizational levels?

A)Team building
B)Survey feedback
C)Forcefield analysis
D)Process consultation

Question 63

Large businesses that innovate and change have an _____________.

A)entrepreneurial frame
B)entrepreneurial orientation
C)intrapreneurial frame
D)intrapreneurial orientation

Question 64

According to the Department of Labor, a small to medium-size enterprise is one that employs fewer than __________ workers.

A)250
B)500
C)750
D)1,000

Question 65

One of the factors that contributes to a higher degree of entrepreneurship in emerging economies is __________.

A)lack of education
B)lack of job opportunities
C)lack of capital
D)lack of competition

Question 66

Intrapreneurs are also called __________.

A)corporate entrepreneurs
B)semi-independent innovators
C)venture initiators
D)innovation agents

Question 67

Both the Small Business Administration and the Department of Labor define a business as large if it has __________ or more employees.

A)250
B)500
C)750
D)1,000

Question 68

According to the Department of Labor, a small business employs fewer than __________ workers.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)100

Question 69

Josh works for H4, a company that encourages employees to create new products.Josh was just assigned to a project where he will create a product their company currently does not sell.If his project gets picked, he will become the manager of the product's line.If Josh gets the product, he will be a(n) __________.

A)franchisee
B)entrepreneur
C)change agent
D)intrapreneur

Question 70

Forces for change include the environment, technology cycles, and next generation.

Question 71

Marla works for Direct Consulting, a consulting firm that specializes in direct feedback.She has been hired by "Find Your Car" to find out why their customer base is shrinking.In order to utilize direct feedback organizational development intervention, Marla __________.

A)suggests a change for "Find Your Car" to make
B)brings in members from all areas of "Find Your Car" to help her problem solve
C)issues questionnaires to all customers in "Find Your Car's" database
D)creates a forcefield analysis for "Find Your Car"

Question 72

New machines and equipment, information processing, and automation are examples of changes based on technology.

Question 73

__________ advantage exists when an entrepreneur is able to offer a product or service with unique customer value before competitors do so.

A)First to market
B)First-mover
C)Market-leader
D)Innovator

Question 74

A(n) __________ is a business that is independently owned and operated, with a small number of employees and a relatively low volume of sales.

A)entrepreneurial venture
B)independent operation
C)franchise
D)small business

Question 75

Incremental change occurs when there is a significant breakthrough in technology that leads to design competition and a new technology cycle.

Question 76

__________ entrepreneurs start new businesses with the goal of changing the world while making a profit.

A)Activist
B)Ethical
C)Social
D)Compassionate

Question 77

There are four types of change.

Question 78

Which of the following forms of organizational development intervention is focused only on the individual?

A)Work design
B)Direct feedback
C)Survey feedback
D)Training and development

Question 79

___________ fuel the economy, since they create as much as 80% of new jobs.

A)Large businesses
B)Small businesses
C)Corporations
D)Franchises

Question 80

When tasks change, people's compensation and job titles must change.