Deck 3: The Search for Causes

Question 1

A perspective on criminological thought that views offensive and deviant behavior as the product of dysfunctional personality.

A) Classical School
B) Feminist criminology
C) Social Learning Theory
D) Psychological School

Answer 1

D

Question 2

________ is the study of pathological mental conditions - that is,mental illness.

A) Conditioning
B) Profiling
C) Conflict perspective
D) Psychopathology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Anomie is a socially pervasive condition of normalessness.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Who wrote Essays on Crime and Punishment?

A) Ernest Hooten
B) Franz Gall
C) Cesare Beccaria
D) Jeremy Bentham

Question 5

A violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances is known as:

A) Deviance
B) Theory
C) Hypothesis
D) Social Process Theory

Question 6

A sociological approach that emphasizes demographics and geographics and that sees the social disorganization that characterizes delinquency areas as a major cause of criminality and victimization.

A) Psychological School
B) Chicago School
C) Positivist School
D) Postmodernism

Question 7

The ___________ is a perspective on criminological thought that highlights the process of interaction between individuals and society.

A) Social Process Theory
B) Chicago School Theory
C) The Broken Windows Theory
D) Neoclassical Criminology

Question 8

What would you call a scientist who examines the shape of the head to determine causes of human behavior?

A) Botanist
B) Nutritionalist
C) Atavist
D) Phrenologist

Question 9

______________ is known as the father of modern criminology.

A) Merton
B) Lombroso
C) Merton
D) Miller

Question 10

A ________ is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe,explain,predict and ultimately control some class of events.

A) somatotype
B) psychosis
C) theory
D) deviant

Question 11

The Biological School views deviant behavior as the product of environmental forces.

Question 12

What is atavism?

A) a term used to characterize aggression
B) a term used to denote one of the concentric zones
C) a condition characterized by the existence of features thought to be common in earlier stages of human evolution
D) a term used to describe anomie

Question 13

Which of Merton's categories would a law-abiding citizen fall into?

A) Ritualist
B) Conformist
C) Innovator
C) Retreatist

Question 14

William Sheldon used somatotyping to explain juvenile criminal behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to normlessness?

A) conflict
B) subculture
C) anomie
D) social ecology

Question 16

An explanation that accounts for a set of facts that can be tested by further investigation is known as

A) Deviance
B) Theory
C) Hypothesis
D) Social Process Theory

Question 17

Phrenology is the study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlates of human behavior.

Question 18

Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti are often associated with which of the following terms?

A) Psychosis
B) Subculture of violence
C) Sociopath
D) Anomie

Question 19

The ________________ is an eighteenth-century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that emphasizes free will and reasonable punishments.

A) Classical School
B) Feminist criminology
C) Social Learning Theory
D) Psychological School

Question 20

All deviant behavior is a violation of the criminal law.

Question 21

What is a theory? Describe the steps in criminological theory building,and explain the role that social research plays in the development of theories about crime.

Question 22

Match the term in the numbered column with the answer in the lettered column.
a.Post Modern Criminology
b.Psychological Profiling
c.Psychopathology
d.Psychosis
A form of mental illness in which sufferers are said to be out of touch with reality.

Question 23

Answer each part of the following questions with succinct and comprehensive information by citing examples of various models, laws, and justice theories in your answer.
A modern perspective,called crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED),bears a strong resemblance to earlier ecological theories.CPTED,which was first formulated in the 1960s and 1970s,focuses on the settings in which crimes occur and on techniques for reducing vulnerability within those settings.Discuss the pros and cons of CEPTED and make a decision as to the viability of such thought.

Question 24

Describe conflict theories of crime causation,including radical criminology and peacemaking criminology.

Question 25

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes or answers the question.
________ criminology is a developing intellectual approach that emphasizes gender issues in
criminology.

Question 26

Answer each part of the following questions with succinct and comprehensive information by citing examples of various models, laws, and justice theories in your answer.
What is the relationship between punishment and classical and neoclassical thought? With what types of offenders might punishment be the most effective in reducing recidivism?

Question 27

A perspective on crime causation that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to higher crime rates is the thesis of _________________.

Question 28

What is meant by "emergent perspectives"? List and describe three emergent perspectives on crime causation.

Question 29

Define psychobiological theory.Include discussion of somatotyping and DNA.

Question 30

Match the term in the numbered column with the answer in the lettered column.
a.Post Modern Criminology
b.Psychological Profiling
c.Psychopathology
d.Psychosis
The attempt to categorize,understand,and predict the behavior of certain types of offenders based on behavioral clues they provide.

Question 31

A theory of human behavior based on psychoanalysis is most closely related with ___________.

Question 32

______________ is an approach to criminal justice theory that stresses the application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminals.

Question 33

List the basic assumptions of classical theories of crime causation,and describe the neoclassical perspective

Question 34

Match the term in the numbered column with the answer in the lettered column.
a.Post Modern Criminology
b.Psychological Profiling
c.Psychopathology
d.Psychosis
The study of pathological mental conditions - that is,mental illness.

Question 35

Franz Joseph Gall is most closely associated with the __________ theories.

Question 36

Match the term in the numbered column with the answer in the lettered column.
a.Post Modern Criminology
b.Psychological Profiling
c.Psychopathology
d.Psychosis
A branch of Criminology that developed after World War II and that builds on the tenets of social thought.