Deck 14: Development of the Vasculature

Question 1

A 1-year-old boy has left ventricular hypertrophy and early signs of congestive heart failure.Examination reveals the presence of a murmur,and upon questioning of the mother,you find that during her first trimester she had a rubella infection.What is your initial diagnosis?

A) Ventricular septal defect
B) Postductal coarctation
C) Persistent truncus arteriosus
D) Persistent (patent) ductus arteriosus

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the fetus,oxygenated blood coming from the placenta mixes with fetal systemic blood in all of the following places EXCEPT:

A) Between the junction of the ductus venosum and inferior vena cava
B) Within the right atrium
C) Within the ductus arteriosus
D) In the left atrium
E) At the junction between the dorsal aorta and umbilical artery

Answer 2

E

Question 3

A newborn exhibits severe cyanotic symptoms in the abdomen,pelvis,and lower limbs but not in head and neck or upper limbs.What is the most likely explanation?

A) This child has a preductal coarctation of the aorta.
B) This child has a postductal coarctation of the aorta.
C) This child has a patent ductus arteriosus.
D) This child has transposition of the great vessels.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the source of the cells that colonize the liver and engender the liver with the capacity to make myeloid and lymphoid progenitors?

A) Extraembryonic yolk sac mesoderm
B) Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
C) Cells associated with the dorsal aorta in the aortic, gonad, and mesonephros region
D) Endoderm of the thymic primordia

Question 5

What might cause hypervascularity (increase blood vessel density)of an area of the skin?

A) Overexpression of Vegf in the region
B) Loss of Tie1 expression in the region
C) Loss of expression of HIFα in the region
D) Increase in Prox1 expression in the region
E) An abnormal increase in the release of stem cell factor in the region

Question 6

A patient needs a pacemaker,and the cardiologist plans to run the pacemaker electrode into the right atrium via the left subclavian vein.As the cardiologist monitors the placement of the catheter using angiography,he discovers that the catheter will not enter the superior vena cava.Rather,it enters the coronary sinus and then the right atrium.How is this possible?

A) Right supracardinal venous system did not regress during development.
B) Patient has a left superior vena cava.
C) Patient has a patent foramen ovale.
D) Ligamentum venosum failed to close.
E) Patient has a patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 7

In the gross anatomy lab,you find that your cadaver has an extremely large left internal thoracic artery and large intercostal arteries as well.What possible congenital anomaly might you find in this cadaver that could explain this?

A) Presence of a double aortic arch
B) Abnormal origin of the subclavian artery
C) Presence of a postductal coarctation of the aorta
D) Presence of a preductal coarctation of the aorta
E) Interrupted aortic arch

Question 8

What embryonic structure(s)form the right subclavian artery?

A) Aortic arch 3 and dorsal aorta
B) Only the seventh intersegmental artery
C) Aortic arch 6 and dorsal aorta
D) Aortic arch 4, dorsal aorta, and seventh intersegmental artery
E) Aortic arch 3 and the seventh intersegmental artery

Question 9

Loss-of-function mutations in what gene(s)can cause pharyngeal aortic arch defects?

A) Tbx1
B) Fgf8
C) Endothelin converting enzyme-1 (Ece1)
D) Pitx2c
E) All of the above

Question 10

In the embryo,blood is channeled from the left umbilical vein into the right hepatocardiac channel.What is the name of the remnant of this left-to-right channel?

A) Ligamentum teres
B) Ligamentum venosum
C) Ligamentum arteriosum
D) Supracardinal vein
E) Oblique vein