Deck 16: Development of the Urinary System

Question 1

A young mother brings her 5-year-old girl who is still in diapers to the pediatrician's office.The mother complains that the infant is constantly wetting her diapers even though the girl is potty-trained.Upon examination,you notice what appears to be urine coming from the vagina through a small orifice located in the upper vaginal wall.What is your initial diagnosis?

A) Rectovaginal fistula
B) Ectopic ureter
C) Rectovesicular fistula
D) Rectourethral fistula
E) Unicornate uterus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What renal structure arises via a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition?

A) The nephron
B) Glomerular capillaries
C) The collecting tubules
D) The major and minor calyxes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Mutations in particular genes can cause or increase the risk of specific congenital anomalies of the urogenital system.Which gene when mutated is most likely to be responsible for glomerulopathy associated with Denys-Drash syndrome?

A) CFTR
B) AMH RECEPTOR
C) WT1
D) 5α-REDUCTASE
E) PDK1

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The collecting tubules of the definitive kidney are derived from what tissue (cells)?

A) Metanephric blastema
B) Ureteric buds
C) Uriniferous tubules
D) Renal corpuscles

Question 5

Which developing kidney system ultimately becomes the definite kidney in humans?

A) Pronephric kidney
B) Mesonephric kidney
C) Metanephric kidney
D) Nephrogenic kidney

Question 6

Mutations in particular genes can cause or increase the risk of specific congenital anomalies of the urogenital system.Which gene when mutated is most likely to be responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A) CFTR
B) AMH RECEPTOR
C) WT1
D) 5α-REDUCTASE
E) PDK1

Question 7

An ultrasound of a 7-month-pregnant woman reveals the presence of oligohydramnios.Closer examination suggests that the fetus has bilateral renal agenesis.What could have led to the development of this congenital anomaly?

A) There was a loss of blastemal/ureteric bud interactions during renal development.
B) There was a loss of angiogenesis from the dorsal aorta into the intermediate mesoderm.
C) WT1 was expressed in the intermediate mesoderm but should not have been.
D) RET was inappropriately expressed within the mesonephric duct.

Question 8

A 4-year-old child was diagnosed with nephroblastoma,a kidney tumor.Subsequent genetic analysis of the child showed the presence of a mutation in a gene known to be associated with the development of this tumor but having a required role in renal development.What gene is it?

A) WT1 (Wilms' tumor suppressor)
B) RET
C) AMH
D) SOX9
E) SHH