Deck 1: The Correctional System

Question 1

Who believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose?

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)John Howard
C)Cesare Becarria
D)Alexander Maconochie

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)just deserts
D)restoration

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as:

A)retribution
B)restitution
C)rehabilitation
D)deterrence

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as "society's victims?"

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D) restoration

Question 5

The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should:

A)be degrading
B)be waived
C)occur before a trial
D)teach a lesson

Question 6

Which is the goal of punishment that is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 7

Which goal of sentencing has its roots in the concept that something has to be done to make amends for the harm or loss caused?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 8

Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically so during the time they are confined society is protected?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 9

Where would vagrants, beggars, and delinquents be forced to work by way of discipline and punishment?

A)Bridewells
B)Houses of Corrections
C)Jails
D)Monastic Confinement

Question 10

Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted concerning crime and punishment?

A)Georgia
B)Maryland
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 11

Which of the following is True concerning punishment?

A)The purpose of punishment has remained the same over time.
B)Offenders were never subject to extremely harsh punishments such as torture and mutilation.
C)Today, public punishments are still used.
D)Incarceration for life and execution are still routinely used for those committing the most serious crimes.

Question 12

The first formal legal code was the:

A)Code of Hammurabi
B)Declaration of Independence
C)Magna Carta
D)Twelve Tables

Question 13

The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must:

A)pay back their victims for their loss.
B)pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases.
C)pay back society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.
D)all of these

Question 14

Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:

A)paying for their crimes
B)learning lessons
C)serving short sentences
D)having charges dropped

Question 15

Who was an English sheriff who advocated jail reform?

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)John Howard
C)Cesare Becarria
D)Alexander Maconochie

Question 16

Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?

A)Zebulon Brockway
B)John Howard
C)Walter Crofton
D)Cesare Becarria

Question 17

What is the name of the policy that promotes sentencing repeat offenders to long prison terms while granting first-time and nonviolent offenders shorter and more lenient sentences?

A)general incapacitation
B)selective incapacitation
C)general deterrence
D)selective deterrence

Question 18

Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for those involved in offensive acts like incest and magic?

A)Bridewells
B)Houses of Corrections
C)Jails
D)Monastic Confinement

Question 19

The overarching term for the institutions and methods that society uses to control the behavior of offenders is:

A)law enforcement
B)corrections
C)courts
D)policy making

Question 20

In modern society punishment is justified for which of the following reasons?

A)Punishing the law violators provides beneficial consequences.
B)Punishment is deserved.
C)Punishment expresses public outrage.
D)All of these.

Question 21

Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
Jerry was found guilty of armed robbery. This is his fourth conviction for the same crime and he appears to be getting more violent in his attempts. Judge Jones tells Jerry that he is too dangerous to remain free in society and he must be sentenced to prison to restrain him. Judge Jones' reason for his 25 year prison sentence is:

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 22

Prison building is often a boom to many communities who view the institution(s) as:

A)environmentally friendly
B)business
C)structurally attractive
D)cheap convict labor

Question 23

Law is created by the _______ branch of government.

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 24

Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity?

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Elmira Reformatory
C)Newgate Prison
D)Sing Sing Prison

Question 25

Who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model?

A)Zebulon Brockway
B)John Howard
C)Walter Crofton
D)Cesare Becarria

Question 26

The correctional population continues to:

A)stay the same
B)decline
C)grow
D)stagnate

Question 27

Today, the general public's reaction toward crime is:

A)liberal
B)conservative
C)both liberal and conservative
D)none of these

Question 28

The justice system is expensive to run because its employees number more than:

A)2.4 million
B)1.5 million
C)200,000
D)500,000

Question 29

A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

A)bridewell
B)house of corrections
C)jail
D)penitentiary

Question 30

The interpretation of laws is done by the ________ branch of government.

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 31

Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
Judge Jones invites juveniles into his courtroom during sentencing hearings so they will understand that people who continue to commit crimes will be punished for their actions. He does this because he is a firm believer that punishment should be public. Judge Jones also believes that punishments should be immediate and necessary. Whose principles does Judge Jones advocate?

A)Montesquieu
B)Beccaria
C)Bentham
D)Howard

Question 32

Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
Sam is a twenty year old college student. He was out one night with some friends. He succumbed to the peer pressure of his new friends and they decided to vandalize vehicles by smashing in the windows and slicing the tires. Sam has never been in trouble before. His friends with him that night all had lengthy criminal records. The judge decides not to cast out Sam from society. He wants to give Sam the opportunity to remain in good standing and continue with college. Sam is sentenced to community service and is required to pay for the damage of the vehicles. This sentence is based on the goal of:

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 33

In the U.S. there are _____ law enforcement agencies than corrections agencies.

A)the same number of
B)less
C)none of these choices
D)significantly more

Question 34

Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
Jane is being sentenced for the crime of vehicular manslaughter. She got into a car accident one morning while she was texting her boyfriend and driving on her way to work. The judge wants to use Jane as an example that texting while driving is very dangerous. He sentences her to five years in prison hoping that others will be discouraged from also texting while driving. The goal of Jane's punishment is:

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 35

Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
Janice plead guilty to grand theft and forgery. She has an addiction to prescription painkillers and stole money from her employer to support her addiction. Judge Jones believes that Janice should be helped and treated rather than condemned and punished. He sentences her to a residential drug treatment program under the supervision of a probation officer. This sentence is based on the goal of sentencing of:

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 36

The U.S. is now engaging in:

A)increased application of the death penalty
B)mass incarceration
C)waiving trials for violent offenders
D)designing underwater prisons

Question 37

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model?

A)Housed older offenders who had medical issues
B)Featured indeterminate sentencing and parole
C)Classified prisoners
D)Provided educational and vocational training

Question 38

One challenge facing the ability of corrections to function as a system is:

A)social costs
B)financial costs
C)system overload
D)all of these

Question 39

The setting of justice policy is aided by the _______branch of government

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 40

Which penal system is based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration?

A)Carolina Model
B)New York Model
C)Pennsylvania Model
D)Texas Model

Question 41

Beccaria and Bentham both believed that the goal of the state should be deterrence, not revenge.

Question 42

During the Middle Ages criminals were seen as menaces to the community and as insults to God.

Question 43

The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights.

Question 44

The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the next.

Question 45

The justification for punishment does not express public outrage.

Question 46

Incapacitation is based on being able to predict the future needs of the offender, not on the gravity of the current offense.

Question 47

Montesquieu based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract.

Question 48

The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties.

Question 49

Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
The corrections academy is intent on producing quality officers who are committed to professionalism. Which of the following is not one of the qualities that Sally should possess?

A)To treat offenders with dignity and respect.
B)To be a person committed to a learning model and to be open to new ways of doing things.
C)To model the behavior of her fellow officers even if they seem to be unethical.
D)To keep her personal stuff from getting in the way.

Question 50

Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
If Sally graduates from the academy she will end up working for the state that has the largest correctional population. Which state is this?

A)Alaska
B)California
C)Georgia
D)New York

Question 51

Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital.

Question 52

Maconochie's mark system used in Norfolk Island was politically popular in England.

Question 53

The harsh environments of the early prisons led to mental breakdowns, suicides, and self-mutilations.

Question 54

Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
Sally is surprised to learn that many suspects are released before trial because the case is dismissed by the prosecutor. This is the practice of:

A)nolle prosequi
B)stare decisis
C)habeas corpus
D)writ of certiorari

Question 55

Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
Based on what Sally learned in her first week in the academy, which would not be one of the agencies of justice?

A)courts
B)corrections
C)executive branch
D)law enforcement

Question 56

The first large prisons to hold convicted criminals can be traced back to European dungeons of the Middle Ages.

Question 57

Restorative justice is grounded in the concept that the government should surrender its control over responses to crime to the victim, the offender, and the community.

Question 58

Only the criminal justice system maintains the power to control crime and punish behavior.

Question 59

Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
Sally has the ultimate goal of working in the office of community supervision that offenders are placed on after a period of incarceration. Which element of the correctional system does she aspire to work in?

A)probation
B)parole
C)jail
D)prison

Question 60

The Auburn cellblock became a model for prisons in several European countries.

Question 61

______________________________ developed the "scamp" system at the Norfolk Prison colony in Virginia.

Question 62

_______________________________ is a term given to the high rates of incarceration in the United States.

Question 63

A __________________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

Question 64

The __________________________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries.

Question 65

Discuss the three Enlightenment philosophers whose philosophical ideals contributed to modern corrections.

Question 66

A formal entry in the record of the court indicating that the prosecutor does not intend to proceed any further in the case is called _____________________________.

Question 67

__________________________________________ rely on careful analysis of program outcomes using scientifically approved methods, and are designed to discover which programs work with which offenders.

Question 68

Houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers are known as __________________________.

Question 69

The ____________________ is the region in the United States with the highest rate of imprisonment.

Question 70

The ______________________________________ is the idea that punishing one person for his or her criminal acts will discourage others from committing similar acts.

Question 71

According to the ___________________________ philosophy, punishment is justified only when it conforms to what the guilty deserve, no more and no less.

Question 72

The consequences of prison __________________________ are that it leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous places to work.

Question 73

The ___________________________________ was held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections.

Question 74

Provide the justifications for punishment in modern society. Be complete.

Question 75

What is the difference between specific and general deterrence? Discuss at least two points.

Question 76

Discuss some of the first correctional institutions used prior to the penitentiary.

Question 77

How did the reformatory contribute to the rehabilitation model?

Question 78

Some lasting contributions of the _______________________________ are indeterminate sentences, the payment of inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.

Question 79

______________________ was the first English prison reformer.

Question 80

The ___________________________ appropriates funds for criminal justice agencies, thereby shaping their structure and mission.