Chat with AIExam 1: The Correctional System
Discuss the three Enlightenment philosophers whose philosophical ideals contributed to modern corrections.
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Verified-Montesquieu, Beccaria, and Bentham each contributed to the development of the modern philosophies of corrections. All three were founders of the classical school of criminology.
-Montesquieu advocated for the moderation of punishment.
-Beccaria advocated that punishment should be public, immediate, and necessary. He based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract. the goal of the law according to Beccaria was the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
-Bentham believed that the law should accomplish a utilitarian purpose and that criminal sanctions served the purpose of protecting society. Ultimately the goal of punishment should be deterrence.
Discuss at least three major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function.
(32) Verified-One of the major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function as a system is overload. the past four decades can be defined as a period of mass incarceration.
-there are currently 2.2 million people who are serving time in jail or prison. this is a five-fold increase since 1980.
-Prison crowding leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous places to work.
-Another problem is the social costs that the policy of mass confinement has had on the American public.
-Corrections confinement is a long, drawn out process that affects people and the communities in which they reside.
-there are financial and psychological losses when a child's parent goes to prison.
-the financial cost of corrections is adding to the huge financial deficits of many jurisdictions and as a result prison budgets are being cut and institutions are being closed.
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The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the next.
(31) VerifiedTrue
Provide the justifications for punishment in modern society. Be complete.
(35) Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as "society's victims?"
(28) Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania prison model with the Auburn Silent System.
(41) Case 1-1
During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.
-Jerry was found guilty of armed robbery. This is his fourth conviction for the same crime and he appears to be getting more violent in his attempts. Judge Jones tells Jerry that he is too dangerous to remain free in society and he must be sentenced to prison to restrain him. Judge Jones' reason for his 25 year prison sentence is:
(30) Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital.
(25) What is the name of the policy that promotes sentencing repeat offenders to long prison terms while granting first-time and nonviolent offenders shorter and more lenient sentences?
(40) The justice system is expensive to run because its employees number more than:
(27) What is the difference between specific and general deterrence? Discuss at least two points.
(38) Some lasting contributions of the _______________________________ are indeterminate sentences, the payment of inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.
(33) Case 1-2
Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and specifically the correctional system.
-Sally has the ultimate goal of working in the office of community supervision that offenders are placed on after a period of incarceration. Which element of the correctional system does she aspire to work in?
(32) The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights.
(39) Incapacitation is based on being able to predict the future needs of the offender, not on the gravity of the current offense.
(28) The interpretation of laws is done by the ________ branch of government.
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