Deck 4: Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement

Question 1

An early-twentieth-century era in policing that focused on efficiency,professionalism,and improved technology was called __________.

A)crime commissions
B)progressivism
C)professionalization
D)federal law enforcement

Answer 1

B

Question 2

__________ programs are federal programs that combine enforcement with community services in an effort to reduce crime in targeted neighborhoods.

A)Plow and Hearth
B)Plant and Flower
C)Weed and Seed
D)Cat and mouse

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Enforcement agencies primarily engaged in highway patrol activities are called __________.About half of these agencies also have the authority to conduct investigative work.

A)preventive police
B)local police
C)community policing
D)state police

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__________ involves international agreements and law enforcement efforts that attempt to serve the interests of all nations in the face of the growth of international travel,the transnational nature of the Internet,and the threat of international organized crime and terrorism.

A)Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
B)Transnational law enforcement
C)Interpol
D)Multijurisdictional task force

Question 5

__________ involves law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and corporations.

A)Secret safety
B)Private security
C)Confidential protection
D)Classified refuge

Question 6

Organizations/groups focused on the improved operation of the criminal justice system as the best way to reduce crime are called __________.

A)crime commissions
B)progressivism
C)professionalization
D)federal law enforcement

Question 7

A service-oriented style of law enforcement that focuses on disorder in the community,crime prevention,and fear reduction (as opposed to the traditional focus on serious street crimes)is called __________.

A)preventive police
B)local police
C)state police
D)community policing

Question 8

Established in 1968,the ___________ was set up within the U.S.Department of Justice to allocate money to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system.Between 1968 and 1977,the organization spent more than $6 billion on crime control programs and college education for police officers.

A)Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
B)Transnational law enforcement
C)Interpol
D)Multijurisdictional task force

Question 9

The vast majority of police agencies are found at the __________ level of government.

A)local
B)state
C)federal
D)military

Question 10

A __________ is a citizen in charge of weapons and equipment for one hundred families in his geographic area.In England constables were appointed by a local nobleman beginning around the year 900.

A)mutual pledge system
B)constable
C)shire reeve
D)watch and ward system

Question 11

A system established in England in 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement efforts was called a __________.Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night and crime suspects were turned over to the constable.

A)watch and ward system
B)constable
C)shire reeve
D)mutual pledge system

Question 12

A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a __________.

A)shire reeve
B)constable
C)mutual pledge system
D)watch and ward system

Question 13

The International Criminal Police Organization composed of 177 member nations is also known as __________.It assists member law enforcement agencies requiring information about crimes or criminals of a multi-national nature.

A)Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
B)Interpol
C)Transnational law enforcement
D)Multijurisdictional task force

Question 14

An official appointed by the British Crown who was responsible for overseeing the constables and several hundred families in a given area was called a __________.The modern word sheriff is derived from this term.

A)mutual pledge system
B)constable
C)shire reeve
D)watch and ward system

Question 15

Those changes in police organization,administration,and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals is called ___________.

A)professionalization
B)progressivism
C)crime commissions
D)federal law enforcement

Question 16

Typical Weed and Seed efforts include(s)____________.

A)weekend and after-school activities for youth
B)adult literacy classes
C)parental counseling
D)All of the above

Question 17

The seventeen different agencies that investigate violations of federal law is referred to as __________.Unlike state police agencies,few federal agencies engage in patrol work;most perform exclusively investigative functions.

A)crime commissions
B)progressivism
C)professionalization
D)federal law enforcement

Question 18

The police departments of municipalities is called __________;this type of law enforcement also includes county sheriffs and special police agencies such as park,airport,transit,and university police.

A)preventive police
B)local police
C)community policing
D)state police

Question 19

The first organized police department in London,established in 1829,was called ___________.The popular English name for police officers,"bobbies," comes from Sir Robert Peel,a founder of the Metropolitan Police.

A)preventive police
B)local police
C)community policing
D)state police

Question 20

A multiagency effort to combat multijurisdictional crimes allowing for pooling of evidence,personnel,and expertise and to reduce unnecessary duplication of effort is called a(n)__________.

A)Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
B)transnational law enforcement
C)Interpol
D)multijurisdictional task force

Question 21

The seventeen different agencies that investigate violations of federal law is referred to as 'federal law enforcement'.Unlike state police agencies,few of these agencies engage in patrol work;most perform exclusively investigative functions.

Question 22

The vast majority of police agencies are found at the local level of government.

Question 23

A 'watch and ward system' was one established in England in 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement efforts.Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night and crime suspects were turned over to the constable.

Question 24

'Professionalism' is an early-twentieth-century era in policing that focused on efficiency,professionalism,and improved technology.

Question 25

A system established in England in 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement efforts was called the __________.Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night and crime suspects were turned over to the constable.

Question 26

A 'shire reeve' is a citizen in charge of weapons and equipment for one hundred families in his geographic area.In England constables were appointed by a local nobleman beginning around the year 900.

Question 27

Police officers are __________ female and minorities,although there continue to be cases of harassment and discrimination within some police departments,despite the fact that performance studies and victim interviews show that females and minority officers perform well and are accepted by the public.

A)never
B)increasingly
C)decreasingly
D)always

Question 28

Those changes in police organization,administration,and technology aimed at improving the efficiency of the police in the deterrence and apprehension of criminals is called 'progressivism'.

Question 29

'Weed and Seed' programs are federal programs that combine enforcement with community services in an effort to reduce crime in targeted neighborhoods.

Question 30

The first police force was established in London in ________.Police officers patrolled specific areas and were organized in a paramilitary fashion to maintain discipline.

A)1746
B)1798
C)1829
D)1896

Question 31

A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a 'mutual pledge system'.

Question 32

A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a(n)___________.

Question 33

Reliance on technology in policing is increasing with the updated National Crime Information Center,which will allow for police to access __________ via computers in their patrol cars.

A)criminal histories
B)wanted person files
C)fingerprint comparisons
D)All of the above

Question 34

Enforcement agencies primarily engaged in highway patrol activities are called 'state police'.About half of these agencies also have the authority to conduct investigative work.

Question 35

An official appointed by the British Crown who was responsible for overseeing the constables and several hundred families in a given area was called a 'constable'.The modern word sheriff is derived from this term.

Question 36

The first organized police department in London,established in 1829,was called 'preventive police'.The popular English name for police officers,"bobbies," comes from Sir Robert Peel,a founder of the Metropolitan Police.

Question 37

'Interpol' involves law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and corporations.

Question 38

A service-oriented style of law enforcement that focuses on disorder in the community,crime prevention,and fear reduction (as opposed to the traditional focus on serious street crimes)is called 'community policing'.

Question 39

'Transnational law enforcement' involves international agreements and law enforcement efforts that attempt to serve the interests of all nations in the face of the growth of international travel,the transnational nature of the Internet,and the threat of international organized crime and terrorism.

Question 40

The police departments of municipalities are called 'local police';this type of law enforcement also includes county sheriffs and special police agencies such as park,airport,transit,and university police.

Question 41

In an interesting reversal of history,public policing,which arose because of the ineffectiveness of private security measures,is now faced with a movement back toward privatization.What do you think this change (back)will do for policing in the United States as a whole?

Question 42

__________ primarily enforce applicable state laws,but they also enforce local ordinances and traffic laws and investigate accidents and suspected crimes.Sheriffs provide police protection and investigate crimes in jurisdictions within their county that lack their own police forces;they also serve court papers,maintain order in courtrooms,and operate county jail facilities.

Question 43

__________ is not centrally organized,because individual nations around the world have sovereignty and resent other nations that attempt to enforce their laws outside their own borders.Nevertheless,the growth of international travel,the transnational nature of the Internet,and the threat of international organized crime and terrorism have combined to bring about international agreements and law enforcement efforts that attempt to serve the interests of all nations.

Question 44

Police selection processes vary among police departments,but most agencies require applicants to pass a written test,physical agility test,drug test,medical exam (including visual and hearing test),oral interview,psychological assessment,polygraph test,and background investigation.Can you think of any additional requirements that jurisdictions utilize in their hiring process?

Question 45

__________ was the first organized police department in London,established in 1829.The popular English name for police officers,"bobbies," comes from Sir Robert Peel,a founder of the Metropolitan Police.

Question 46

Policing faces a dilemma: There is a need to organize law enforcement efforts in a more efficient way.However,there is also reluctance to provide the necessary resources and authority.Why do you think this reluctance exists? What do you think can be done about it?

Question 47

The central tenet of __________ is a service-oriented style of law enforcement,as opposed to the traditional focus on serious street crimes.

Question 48

Police officers are increasingly female and minorities,although there continue to be cases of harassment and discrimination within some police departments,despite the fact that performance studies and victim interviews show that females and minority officers perform well and are accepted by the public.Why do you think this is?

Question 49

__________ are different from local and federal police agencies in that they enforce state laws exclusively.Most states also have specialized law enforcement agencies similar to those at the federal level,such as state departments of environmental protection,alcohol control,and other specialized units.

Question 50

According to your textbook author,one study found that police and firefighters agreed "they do not know what they need to be protected against,what form of protection is appropriate and where to look
for such protection." What does this uncertainty point toward the need for?

Question 51

The term __________ refers to law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and corporations.

Question 52

An office established by Edward II in 1326 to assist the sheriff in enforcing the law was the ___________.Eventually the role of the justice of the peace shifted to adjudication,while the sheriffs retained their local peacekeeping function.

Question 53

The term __________ refers to the seventeen different agencies that investigate violations of federal law.Unlike state police agencies,few federal agencies engage in patrol work;most perform exclusively investigative functions.