Deck 4: Understanding Participants As Consumers

Question 1

Because of the learning and perceptual processes,consumers develop _____ toward participating in sports,consisting of learned thoughts,feelings,and behaviors toward some given object.

A) conditions
B) attitudes
C) goals
D) characteristics
E) none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The _____ is (are)the foundation of the model of participant consumption.

A) internal factors
B) decision-making process
C) situational factors
D) participant consumption behavior
E) none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Friends,coworkers,and other non-family members to whom the participant looks for guidance in choosing whether to play a sport are _____.

A) reference groups
B) referral groups
C) initiators
D) purchase mentors
E) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Relatively homogeneous divisions within a society that contain people with similar values,needs,lifestyles,and behaviors are called _____.

A) reference groups
B) minicultures
C) social classes
D) social groups
E) none of the above

Question 5

One behavioral learning theory of importance to sports marketers is _____.

A) operant conditioning
B) social conditioning
C) group conditioning
D) social learning
E) both c and d

Question 6

Sue decides to participate in a summer league tennis program. The first time she plays in competition,she does very poorly and immediately feels embarrassed.Her decision whether to play again based on this experience is called cognitive dissonance.

Question 7

Marketing the sport of tennis based on participants' desire to feel better about themselves is an example of which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) physiological
B) self-actualization
C) esteem
D) social
E) none of the above

Question 8

Participant consumption behavior is defined as actions performed when searching for,participating in,and evaluating sports activities.

Question 9

Sports marketers would use an individual's _____ profile and the likelihood of participating in a particular sport.

A) personality
B) motivational
C) social needs
D) esteem needs
E) both b and d

Question 10

Actions performed when searching for,participating in,and evaluating sports activities that consumers feel will satisfy their needs is described as _____.

A) the simplified model of the consumer-supplier relationship
B) internal factors of participation
C) situational factors
D) participant consumption behavior
E) none of the above

Question 11

Watching others participate in sports and learning from them is called _____.

A) behavioral learning
B) cognitive learning
C) social learning
D) operant learning
E) none of the above

Question 12

Types of _____,also known as levels of problem solving,are habitual problem solving,limited problem solving,and extensive problem solving.

A) consumer decisions
B) consumer problems
C) economic decisions
D) internal decisions
E) both c and d

Question 13

External sources of information are recalled from our own memories and are based on previous exposure to sports and activities.

Question 14

According to the text,_____ or _____ factors are those influences outside the individual participant that affect the decision-making process.

A) psychological; internal
B) psychological; external
C) sociological; internal
D) sociological; external
E) both a and c

Question 15

The decision-making process is the foundation of the text's model of participant consumption.It is a five-step process that consumers use when deciding to participate in a specific sport or activity.

Question 16

When the sports marketer is conducting an information search,he/she will use external sources.All of the following are examples of external sources EXCEPT _____.

A) personal sources
B) marketing sources
C) experiential sources
D) situational sources
E) none of the above

Question 17

According to the text,during _____,consumers realize they have a need that is not presently being met.

A) problem recognition
B) situational recognition
C) problem definition
D) external recognition
E) internal problem solving

Question 18

Personality,motivation,learning,and perception are some of the basic _____ or _____ factors that will be unique to each individual and guide sports participation decisions.

A) psychological; external
B) psychological; esteem
C) psychological; internal
D) psychological; self-actualization
E) none of the above

Question 19

According to the text,there are three types of external sources: personal,marketing,and secondary.

Question 20

According to the text,_____ is defined as the complex process of selecting,organizing,and interpreting stimuli such as sports.

A) selective attention
B) self-motivation
C) selective retention
D) perception
E) selective interpretation

Question 21

In cognitive learning,people see someone benefiting from sport,and also learn how to play the sport.

Question 22

According to the text,perception is defined as the complex process of selecting,organizing,and interpreting small stimuli,such as sports.

Question 23

Participation in special sporting events,such as a local golf tournament,or 10K run for charity,are examples of sporting events that lend themselves to limited problem solving.

Question 24

According to the text,a primary reference group that has one of the greatest influences on sports participation is family.

Question 25

Define participant consumption behavior and briefly describe why sports marketers would need to understand this type of behavior.

Question 26

Briefly describe how the external/sociological factors in the model of participant consumption behavior would impact a consumer's decision to play golf.

Question 27

Using the model of participant consumption behavior discussed in the text,describe the internal/psychological factors as they relate to a participant in a competitive adult soccer league.

Question 28

In the United States,one of the greatest influences (primary reference group)on an individual is his/her family.Briefly describe what type of influence a family might exert on a male/female member to play a certain sport.

Question 29

In the text,a popular theory of human motivation (Maslow's hierarchy of needs)is based on a set classification of needs.Using the social needs level,describe why a midlevel company executive would choose to play in a weekend golf charity sponsored by his company.