Deck 13: Racial Profiling

Question 1

A "suspect-specific incident" is one in which an officer is lawfully attempting to detain,apprehend,or otherwise be on the lookout for one or more specific suspects who have been identified or described in part by national or ethnic origin.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Agencies are well advised to collect traffic stop data when the situation in the community served indicates that there is a concern about police bias.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Police managers and supervisors,in order to identify officers who might be biased,should monitor such indicators as:

A) high numbers of minority citizens' complaints
B) large number of arrests not charged because prosecutors find improper detentions/searches
C) perceptive negative attitude towards minorities
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In which of the following areas should criminal justice professionals formulate measures to prevent the practice of racial profiling on the part of police officers?

A) accountability and supervision
B) agency policy to address racial profiling
C) recruitment and hiring
D) all of the above

Question 5

Which term below means "struggle" in Arabic and,in some contexts "holy war?"

A) Al-jihad
B) Al-Qaeda
C) Taliban
D) Al aqsa

Question 6

Which of the following is an INCORRECT element in the professional traffic stop?

A) organizational/agency policy
B) officer training
C) data collection
D) quota of tickets written

Question 7

Probable cause is a lower level of reasonable belief,based on facts that can be articulated.

Question 8

Statistical benchmarks are the comparative populations or groups against which data collected are going to be analyzed and interpreted..An example of a benchmark discussed in the text is:

A) out of state residents
B) behavior of the judge in court
C) accident records for not-at-fault drivers
D) testimony of the defendant in court

Question 9

The reason for every stop made by a law enforcement officer must be legally defensible and professional.

Question 10

The use of profiles and profiling in law enforcement does not require balancing morality,legality,efficiency,equality,liberty,and security concerns.

Question 11

Jihad can mean "holy war" against infidels or nonbelievers.

Question 12

Specific facts that must be articulated to support an officer's actions is defined in which term below?

A) probable cause
B) reasonable suspicion
C) parole evidence rule
D) peremptory challenge

Question 13

The term minority is used within the text to describe a group of individuals who represent a numeric majority within a racial or ethnic population.

Question 14

Which one of these are a part of the mental activity that involves conscious and unconscious thought processes?

A) making observations and selecting data born out of a person's past experiences
B) adding cultural and personal meaning to what an individual observes
C) making assumptions based on the meanings that an individual has attributed to the observation
D) all of the above

Question 15

Data collection on traffic stops helps agencies with which of the following:

A) all of the below
B) determine whether racially biased policing is a problem in the jurisdiction
C) convey a commitment to unbiased policing
D) effectively allocate and manage department resources

Question 16

Profiling refers to any police-initiated action that uses a compilation of the background,physical,behavioral,and-or motivational characteristics of a type or perpetrator.

Question 17

The basic elements for data collection that are recommended to law enforcement agencies are:

A) all of the below
B) data/time/location
C) characteristics of the individuals
D) reasons for stop

Question 18

Accountability and supervision is an approach used by the police department to prevent racial profiling.

Question 19

Law enforcement personnel are entrusted with the following:

A) protecting the rights of those who are subject of stereotyping, harassment, and discrimination
B) identifying and bringing to justice those who are terrorist and criminals
C) identifying terrorists and/or criminals who do not fit a particular profile or stereotype
D) all of the above

Question 20

Police agencies can reduce racial bias by recruiting and hiring officers who can police in a professional way.

Question 21

Courts have held that matching a profile alone is not the equivalent of the reasonable suspicion or probable cause necessary to conduct an investigative detention or ________.

Question 22

Does racial profiling exist? How difficult is it to determine if an individual was stopped solely based upon their race?

Question 23

In the Travis opinion,the majority concluded that "race or ethnic background may become legitimate consideration when investigators have information on the subject of a particular suspect (Travis,62 F.3ʳᵈ at 54).

Question 24

Prevention of racial profiling also involves other components of the criminal justice system,such as ________ and ____________.

Question 25

Profiling and profiles have long been used by law enforcement as tools to look for signs of potential criminal activity,but these practices are illegal.

Question 26

____________ helps agencies convey a commitment to unbiased policing.

Question 27

__________ in law enforcement is used by officers to look for characteristics that indicate the probability of criminal acts.

Question 28

There are some police officers,government administrators,and others who maintain that racial profiling is a myth or a misperception.

Question 29

Profiling in law enforcement is used by officers to look for characteristics that indicate the probability of criminal acts or factors that tend to correlate with dangerous or threatening behavior.

Question 30

What is racial profiling and what types of problems does it cause with law enforcement?

Question 31

Police agencies can reduce racial bias by recruiting and hiring officers who can police in a professional way.

Question 32

The Whren decision by the Supreme Court enhanced the already extensive power of police to detain individual citizens under the banner of the war on drugs by allowing pretext stops through the "objective" standard test.

Question 33

The __________ created policy intended for adoption by police department's across the nation.The policy clearly delineates what is legal profiling.