Exam 13: Racial Profiling

__________ in law enforcement is used by officers to look for characteristics that indicate the probability of criminal acts.

Accountability and supervision is an approach used by the police department to prevent racial profiling.

Profiling and profiles have long been used by law enforcement as tools to look for signs of potential criminal activity,but these practices are illegal.

Probable cause is a lower level of reasonable belief,based on facts that can be articulated.

Courts have held that matching a profile alone is not the equivalent of the reasonable suspicion or probable cause necessary to conduct an investigative detention or ________.

Prevention of racial profiling also involves other components of the criminal justice system,such as ________ and ____________.

Jihad can mean "holy war" against infidels or nonbelievers.

Does racial profiling exist? How difficult is it to determine if an individual was stopped solely based upon their race?

Law enforcement personnel are entrusted with the following:

A "suspect-specific incident" is one in which an officer is lawfully attempting to detain,apprehend,or otherwise be on the lookout for one or more specific suspects who have been identified or described in part by national or ethnic origin.

Profiling refers to any police-initiated action that uses a compilation of the background,physical,behavioral,and-or motivational characteristics of a type or perpetrator.

Which one of these are a part of the mental activity that involves conscious and unconscious thought processes?

The basic elements for data collection that are recommended to law enforcement agencies are:

Specific facts that must be articulated to support an officer's actions is defined in which term below?

Which term below means "struggle" in Arabic and,in some contexts "holy war?"

There are some police officers,government administrators,and others who maintain that racial profiling is a myth or a misperception.

In which of the following areas should criminal justice professionals formulate measures to prevent the practice of racial profiling on the part of police officers?

The Whren decision by the Supreme Court enhanced the already extensive power of police to detain individual citizens under the banner of the war on drugs by allowing pretext stops through the "objective" standard test.

Police managers and supervisors,in order to identify officers who might be biased,should monitor such indicators as:

Police agencies can reduce racial bias by recruiting and hiring officers who can police in a professional way.