Deck 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Question 1

____________________ exists that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy.

A) A substantial amount of conclusive proof
B) A moderate amount of conclusive proof
C) A small amount of conclusive proof
D) No conclusive proof

Answer 1

No conclusive proof

Question 2

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 52 years old.

A) 5.2 mSv
B) 52 mSv
C) 520 mSv
D) 5200 mSv

Answer 2

520 mSv

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Medical imaging personnel almost always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.
B) Medical imaging personnel always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.
C) Medical imaging personnel almost never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.
D) Medical imaging personnel absolutely never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.

Answer 3

Medical imaging personnel almost never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.

Question 4

If a cancer induced by 2 Gy of ionizing radiation is compared with a cancer induced by 0.2 Gy of ionizing radiation,the cancer induced by the larger absorbed dose is no worse than the cancer induced by the smaller absorbed dose,but the chance of cancer induction from the larger dose is:

A) greater.
B) lesser.
C) the same as the chance of induction from the smaller dose.
D) ionizing radiation cannot cause cancer.

Question 5

Which of the following terms means "random in nature"?

A) Deterministic
B) Epidemiologic
C) Nonstochastic
D) Stochastic

Question 6

Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning the "right to know" of employees with regard to hazards that may be present in the workplace

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 7

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted,provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded.

A) 0.5 mSv
B) 1 mSv
C) 2 mSv
D) 3 mSv

Question 8

The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the:

A) director of human resources of a health care facility.
B) designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility.
C) hospital administrator.
D) radiologic technologist in charge of quality control.

Question 9

Which of the following agencies was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission?

A) FDA
B) ICRP
C) NCRP
D) NRC

Question 10

Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Assist in the development of the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 11

In general,deterministic effects typically occur:

A) after all diagnostic imaging procedures.
B) only after some diagnostic imaging procedures.
C) only after routine fluoroscopic procedures.
D) only after large doses of radiation are received.

Question 12

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that:

A) any organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
B) only critical organs in the human body are vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
C) only the reproductive organs in male and female humans are vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.
D) no organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation.

Question 13

When whole-body occupational exposure is controlled by keeping the effective dose (EfD) well below the upper boundary limit,the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation is:

A) increased considerably.
B) increased slightly.
C) maintained at an acceptable level.
D) minimized.

Question 14

The annual occupational effective dose (EfD) limit does not include:
1)personal medical radiation exposure from an imaging procedure.
2)natural background radiation exposure.
3)radiation exposure received on the job.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

A) 4.6 mSv
B) 46 mSv
C) 460 mSv
D) 4600 mSv

Question 16

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe mental retardation for fetal doses greater than approximately:

A) 0.1 Sv.
B) 0.2 Sv.
C) 0.3 Sv.
D) 0.4 Sv.

Question 17

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to:
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 18

The ALARA concept presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between:

A) health care education and radiation research.
B) ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
C) ionizing radiation and potential risk.
D) radiation dose and biologic response.

Question 19

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes:

A) all Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
B) all Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations.
C) the maximum permissible dose (MPD) system.
D) the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981.

Question 20

Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?

A) National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
B) International Commission on Radiological Protection
C) Radiation Effects Research Foundation
D) Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Question 21

To define ALARA,health care facilities usually adopt investigation levels,defined as Level I and Level II.In the United States,these levels are traditionally _______ to ______ the applicable regulatory standards.

A) one twentieth, one tenth
B) one tenth, three tenths
C) three tenths, one half
D) one half, seven tenths

Question 22

Effective dose (EfD) limits may be expressed for:
1)whole-body exposure.
2)partial-body exposure.
3)exposure of individual organs.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 23

Damage to the reproductive cells of male and female humans that is caused by irradiation of sperm and ova before conception is termed:

A) mutagenesis.
B) optimization.
C) spermaovagenesis.
D) teratogenesis.

Question 24

A radiation safety officer in a health care facility must have sufficient authority,organizational freedom,and management prerogative to:
1)identify radiation safety problems.
2)initiate,recommend,or provide corrective action.
3)stop unsafe operations involving by-product material.
4)verify implementation of corrective actions.

A) 1, 2, and 3 only
B) 1, 3, and 4 only
C) 2, 3, and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 25

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 34 years old.

A) 3400 mSv
B) 340 mSv
C) 34 mSv
D) 3.4 mSv