Deck 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling

Question 1

According to the American Psychological Association standards for educational and psychological testing, validity refers to:​

A)​the stability of the human trait.
B)constructs developed from theory and research.
C)​coefficients of correlation that remain high for long intervals.
D)​the meaningfulness and usefulness of certain inferences based on a test score derived from a test in question.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Briefly discuss why and how counselors use self-assessment procedures.

Answer 2

Self-assessment techniques are used when standardized assessment is not appropriate.Client and counselor are to select each technique after an explanation of its purpose.Nontraditional methods of self-assessment are used to meet the unique needs of clients.​

Question 3

Identify factors that affect the stability of tests.

Answer 3

Major Points
How stable the human trait is itself (in nature).Group (gender, ethnic, etc.) differences
Individual differences within groups
The nature of performance
The internal consistency of the test itself.​

Question 4

Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)?​

A)​Holland
B)​Cattell, Eber and Tatsuoka
C)​Tiedeman and O'Hara
D)​Super

Question 5

Which inventory measures sources of satisfaction individuals seek from their work environments?​

A)​Work Environment Preference Schedule
B)​Study of Values
C)​Survey of Personal Values
D)​Work Values Inventory (WVI)

Question 6

Career maturity inventories are primary measures of:​

A)​Work values
B)​Career development
C)​Aptitudes
D)​Career beliefs

Question 7

When are assessments generally performed?

A)​Mid-way during the counseling sessions
B)​At the intake interview only
C)​At the intake interview or follow-up
D)​Only during the follow-up session

Question 8

A distinct advantage of the unstructured autobiography is:​

A)​The response is left to the client
B)​More family information will be discussed
C)​More general information will be attained
D)​More information about desired workplaces will be discussed

Question 9

Self-Assessment procedures for career counseling may include:

A)​interest identification.
B)​focused questions to uncover specific variables.
C)autobiography.
D)​all of the above.

Question 10

What is an alternative term for career maturity inventories that measure vocational development as specified dimensions to judge whether an individual is vocationally mature?​

A)​Career development inventories
B)​Career maturity tests
C)​Development tests
D)​Maturity assessments

Question 11

Briefly discuss how aptitude test scores can be used in career counseling.Explain their primary use and how they can be used as a counseling tool.

Question 12

Counselors can learn if their client is similar to the group included in the normative sample by referring to the:​

A)​Counseling textbooks
B)​Technical information manual
C)​Internet
D)​Administration manual

Question 13

Compare and contrast the purpose of content and criterion validity.

Question 14

The results of this inventory include five structures or domains of personality entitled Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.

Question 15

What are the three categories of achievement tests?​

A)​Single-survey tests, diagnostic batteries and general testing
B)​General survey battery, single-subject tests and diagnostic batteries
C)​General survey tests, single-subject batteries and diagnostic tools
D)​Diagnostic testing, achievement assessment and multiple-subject tests

Question 16

Two of the most widely used interest inventories for career counseling are:​

A)​Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Kuder interest inventories.
B)​Self-Interest Inventories and the Strong Interest Inventory (SII).
C)​Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Holland interest inventories.
D)​Career Interest Inventory (CII) and the Holland interest inventories.

Question 17

Briefly discuss significant problems associated with Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Assessment (CACG).

Question 18

This inventory measures individual preferences by personality types: extroversion or introversion; sensing or intuition; thinking or feeling; and judging or perceiving.

Question 19

Match the identified instrument with its intended purpose.​
a.​NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
b.​California Test of Personality
c.​Minnesota Counseling Inventory
d.​Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF)
e.​Temperament and Values Inventory
f.Myers-Briggs Type Indicator​
The test assesses personal and social adjustment.Subscale scores are provided for the two major categories.

Question 20

This inventory was designed to measure adjustment of boys and girls in grades 9 through 12.Scores yield criterion-related scales as follows: family relationship, social relationship, emotional stability, conformity, adjustment to reality, mood, and leadership.Scales are normed separately for boys and girls.

Question 21

Who postulated, as early as 1956, that early personality development associated with family interactions influences vocational direction?​

A)​Super
B)​Tiedeman and O'Hara
C)​Roe
D)​Holland

Question 22

Who views the process of career choice on a continuum with "exploration" and "decline" as endpoints?​

A)​Super
B)​Holland
C)​Savickas
D)Crites​

Question 23

Why are validity and reliability important factors to consider?

Question 24

What is the purpose of specific skills identification as a self-assessment technique?​

A)​Determine interests
B)​Enables discussion
C)​Highlights relaxation techniques
D)​Encourages clients to consider skills developed from a variety of experiences as important factors in career exploration

Question 25

List the types of achievement tests and discuss how each type may be used in career counseling.

Question 26

The inventory consisting of three scales - Lack of Vocational Identity, Lack of Information or Training, and Emotional or Personal Barriers - is entitled:

A)​Career Thoughts Inventory.
B)​My Vocational Situation.
C)​The Vocational Inventory.
D)​Career Beliefs Inventory.

Question 27

Contextual assessment areas include:​

A)​ethnocultural heritage, racial and ethnocultural identities, gender and sexual orientation and socioeconomic status.
B)​family of origin and multigenerational history, family scripts, individual and family life-cycle development and stages, client's languages and those spoken by family of origin.
C)​it is not necessary to look at contextual information for assessments.
D)​A and B.

Question 28

This inventory has two parts: (1) temperament dimensions of personality related to career choice, and (2) values related to work rewards.

Question 29

The Career Beliefs, The Career Thoughts, and My Vocational Situation inventories are considered measures of:​

A)​Factors associated with a client's lifestyle
B)​Factors that are associated with undecided and indecisive clients
C)​A client's level of occupational and self knowledge
D)​A client's educational and abilities level

Question 30

Which inventory measures values that influence how individuals cope with daily problems?​

A)​Work Environment Preference Schedule
B)​Survey of Personal Values
C)Study of Values​
D)​The Values Scale

Question 31

What reason is given for exercising caution when using standardized tests in America today?​

A)​Cultural diversity
B)​Cultural homogeneity
C)​Finances
D)​Increase in population

Question 32

Reliability coefficients are NOT obtained by:​

A)​test-retest.
B)internal consistency.
C)​atest given only once.
D)​alternate forms.

Question 33

_______ is an important central concept that counselors should use in selecting and using assessment.

A)​Acculturation
B)​Context
C)​Interpretation
D)​Information

Question 34

One major purpose of guided fantasy as an exercise to increase self-awareness is to:​

A)​uncover subconscious material that can be used in career decision making.
B)identify skills.
C)​actively involve clients in concentrating on future tasks and life planning.
D)​relate interests and common themes pertaining to the client's background.

Question 35

What type of assessment has steadily increased during the last three decades?​

A)​Computer-assisted personal programs (CAPP)
B)​Computer-assisted career guidance (CACG)
C)Independent career testing (ICT)​
D)​Interpretative instrumental testing (IIT)

Question 36

A controversial issue that has long been associated with interests inventories is:​

A)​Relationships between interests and attitude
B)​Measurement format
C)​Construct validity
D)​Gender bias

Question 37

For what purpose is Career Beliefs Inventory used as a counseling tool?​

A)​To help clients identify career beliefs that can inhibit their abilities to make career decisions in their best interests
B)​To measure the degree of a person's dysfunctional thinking
C)​To help list the number of career beliefs that exist
D)​To measure how dysfunctional thinking can affect the decision-making process

Question 38

What type of test is used primarily to measure specific skills and proficiencies or the ability to acquire certain proficiencies?​

A)​Aptitude test
B)​Battery test
C)​Proficiency test
D)​Skills test

Question 39

Who maintained that guidelines published by The National Institute of Education (NIE) as early as 1975 led to some progress in reducing gender bias in interest inventories?​

A)​Swanson
B)​Kuder
C)​Diamond
D)​Fouad

Question 40

A major part of this questionnaire has been devoted to identifying personality patterns related to occupational fitness projections.

Question 41

The following exercise is an example of which self-assessment technique?​ Compose a list of your most significant problems.Circle those that are most troublesome.

A)​Lifeline strategy exercise
B)​Skills identification procedures
C)​Focused questions and exercises
D)​Structured autobiography

Question 42

To be assured that an inventory measures the factors associated with career development, one is to evaluate which type of validity?​

A)​Content
B)​Concurrent
C)​Criterion
D)​Construct

Question 43

The primary goal of self-assessment is to:​

A)​Assess one's verbal abilities
B)​Increase one's self-awareness
C)​Obtain measures of attitude
D)​Save time in the counseling process

Question 44

Assessment has an important role for which of the following?​

A)​Problem identification and interventions
B)​Outcome evaluations
C)​Information gathering and accurate client self-assessment
D)​All of the above

Question 45

Aptitude tests provide a basis for predicting success in an occupation or in training programs and can also be used for which further purpose?​

A)​As counseling tools for career exploration
B)​To determine contextual information
C)​To check academic achievement
D)​As counseling tools to identify career beliefs

Question 46

What important step can be taken by counselors to evaluate the usefulness of a score report?​

A)​Read the test manual carefully to determine if the client is a member of a group that has been included in the normative sample used for validity and reliability analysis
B)​Determine if a significant proportion of members from the client's ethnic group was represented in the norm sample
C)​A and B
D)​None of the above

Question 47

The test measures what it purports to measure refers to:​

A)​Mean
B)​Reliability
C)​Validity
D)​Standard deviation

Question 48

The degree to which a test score is dependable and reliable refers to:​

A)​Standard deviation
B)​Reliability
C)​Validity
D)​Mean

Question 49

What are some suggested steps a counselor can take to achieve equity in assessment?