Deck 14: Individual Behaviour in Organisations

Question 1

The cognitive process a person uses to make sense of the environment around them is known as perception.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An attitude comprises cognitive,affective and behavioural components.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Work behaviour that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organisation's success is called job satisfaction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Errors in judgement that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the sense-making process are known as perceptual distortion.

Question 5

A theory that assesses personality by examining the capacity to self-awareness,self-management,social awareness and relationship awareness is known as emotional intelligence.

Question 6

The degree to which a person has a broad range of interests and is imaginative,creative and willing to consider new ideas is known as their level of extroversion.

Question 7

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals,thus behaving in ways that are responsible and achievement oriented is known as the level of conscientiousness.

Question 8

Organisational commitment refers to any type of loyalty that one feels towards their organisation.

Question 9

Self-awareness is about being cognisant of the internal aspects of one's nature,such as personality traits,beliefs,emotions,attitudes and perceptions.

Question 10

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organisation's success is known as organisational citizenship.

Question 11

A general assurance in one's own ideas,judgement and capabilities is known as self-efficacy.

Question 12

An attitude comprises both the cognitive and behavioural evaluation that predisposes a person to feel a certain way.

Question 13

Stacy is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity.According to the 'Big Five' personality factors,these qualities describe her openness to experience.

Question 14

A condition in which two attitudes or a behaviour and an attitude conflict is called cognitive dissonance.

Question 15

The tendency to place primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself (internally)or outside forces (externally)is known as Machiavellianism tendency.

Question 16

When John,a student at the University of Tasmania,remarks,'I love my classes this semester',it reflects the cognitive element of attitude.

Question 17

The degree to which a person is associable,talkative,assertive and comfortable with interpersonal relationship is known as their level of agreeableness.

Question 18

People with an internal locus of control are harder to motivate but easier to lead.

Question 19

The set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behaviour is known as a personality.

Question 20

The ability to control disruptive or harmful emotions and balanced ones moods so that worry,anxiety,fear and anger to knock out thinking is known as self-awareness.

Question 21

Individuals that prefer dealing with theoretical or technical problems are likely to possess a 'sensation-thinking' style of problem solving.

Question 22

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behaviour and overestimate internal factors is known as the fundamental attribution error.

Question 23

An individual's strong belief that he or she can accomplish a specific task or outcome successfully is known as:

A) self-efficacy
B) self-confidence
C) self-serving bias
D) self-awareness
E) None of these choices.

Question 24

A theory that assesses personality by examining the capacity for self-awareness,self-management,social awareness and relationship awareness is known as 'emotional intelligence'.

Question 25

The projection effect occurs an individual sees their own personal traits in other people.

Question 26

Mental states arising spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort is known as emotion.

Question 27

Our tendency to assign an individual to a group,or broad category,and then attribute generalisations about the group to that individual is known as the fundamental attribution error.

Question 28

When the level of stress is high relative to a person's coping resources,stress can be a positive force,stimulating desirable change and achievement.

Question 29

Role ambiguity occurs when an individual perceives incompatible demands from others.

Question 30

An individual's awareness of the internal aspects of their own nature (such as their personality,beliefs,emotion,attitudes and perceptions)is known as:

A) self-efficacy
B) self-confidence
C) self-serving bias
D) self-awareness
E) None of these choices.

Question 31

Type B behaviour refers to a behaviour pattern characterised by extreme competitiveness,impatience,aggressiveness and a devotion to work.

Question 32

Errors in perceptual judgement arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process is known as a perceptual distortion.

Question 33

The self-serving bias means people give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail.

Question 34

The tendency to overestimate a contribution of internal factors to one successes and the contribution of external factors to once failures is known as the fundamental attribution error.

Question 35

The projection effect occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute,either favourable or unfavourable.

Question 36

Perception refers to the way people make sense of their environment by selecting,organising and interpreting information.

Question 37

The manner in which people organise stimuli according to their frame of reference is known as perceptual organisation.

Question 38

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n):

A) projection
B) authoritarianism
C) perception
D) attitude
E) personality.

Question 39

Type A behaviour refers to a behaviour pattern characterised by extreme competitiveness,impatience,aggressiveness and a devotion to work.

Question 40

'Challenge stress' refers to an emotional state where a person feels overwhelmed by their circumstances,whereas 'threat stress' refers to an emotional state where a person feels energised by their circumstances.

Question 41

The tendency to direct much of one's behaviour toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain is called:

A) authoritarianism
B) external locus of control
C) introversion characteristic
D) Machiavellianism
E) organisational citizenship.

Question 42

Tom is a top executive at an Australian cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people.This condition can be described as:

A) job involvement
B) extroversion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) Machiavellianism
E) job satisfaction.

Question 43

__________ is loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organisation.

A) Organisation citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Organisational commitment
D) Dissonance
E) Job involvement

Question 44

The extent to which one is positive about their own job is known as the level of their:

A) job involvement
B) organisational commitment
C) cognitive dissonance
D) job satisfaction

Question 45

The tendency to overestimate one's own abilities in times of successful task completion is known as a:

A) fundamental attribution error
B) self-serving bias
C) personality trait
D) perceptual distortion
E) halo effect.

Question 46

When Paul,a student at TCE level,remarks that he loves the classes he is taking this year,this refers to which component of attitude?

A) Knowledge
B) Behaviour
C) Dissonance
D) Affect
E) Cognitions

Question 47

The 'Big Five' personality factors include all of these,except:

A) extroversion
B) conscientiousness
C) emotional stability
D) locus of control
E) agreeableness.

Question 48

The beliefs,opinions and information a person has about the object of an attitude is called the:

A) affective component
B) feeling component
C) behavioural component
D) cognitive component
E) dissonance aspect of attitude.

Question 49

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals,thus behaving in ways that are responsible,dependable,persistent and achievement oriented is called their level of:

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) emotional stability
D) openness to experience
E) extroversion.

Question 50

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals,thereby behaving in ways that are responsible relates to their level of:

A) agreeableness
B) openness to experience
C) emotional stability
D) conscientiousness
E) extroversion.

Question 51

Emu Interiors is looking for an individual who has a broad range of interests and is imaginative,creative,artistically sensitive and willing to consider new ideas.Which of these factors are they emphasising in their search?

A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotional stability
D) Openness to experience
E) Extroversion

Question 52

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces is referred to as:

A) Machiavellianism
B) emotional stability
C) locus of control
D) authoritarianism
E) extroversion.

Question 53

A positive attitude towards one's job refers to:

A) organisational citizenship
B) job satisfaction
C) cognitive dissonance
D) organisational commitment
E) job involvement.

Question 54

Emotional intelligence includes the following basic components,except:

A) self-awareness
B) self-management
C) others-awareness
D) social awareness
E) relationship awareness.

Question 55

Each of the following is considered a component of an attitude,except:

A) spirituality
B) behaviour
C) cognition
D) affectation
E) All of these choices are considered components of an attitude.

Question 56

Sabrina,a final year economics student at the University of Tasmania,believes that it is okay to get a Distinction,but that it is more important to learn in a class than get an easy High Distinction without learning.Sabrina's belief reflects which component of attitude?

A) Behaviour
B) Cognitions
C) Dissonance
D) Feeling
E) Affect

Question 57

The degree to which a person is sociable,talkative,assertive and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is known as the extent to which someone is:

A) agreeable
B) conscientious
C) emotionally stable
D) open to experience
E) extroverted.

Question 58

Loyalty to the heavy involvement in one's organisation is known as an individual's:

A) level of job involvement
B) level of organisational commitment
C) level of cognitive dissonance
D) level of job satisfaction.

Question 59

The degree to which a person has a broad range of interests and is imaginative relates to their level of:

A) openness to experience
B) conscientiousness
C) emotional stability
D) agreeableness
E) extroversion.

Question 60

Which of these refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behaviour in response to ideas,objects or people in the environment?

A) Dissonance
B) Perception
C) Halo effect
D) Attitude
E) Personality

Question 61

__________ is a change in behaviour or performance that occurs as the result of experience.

A) Experience
B) Learning
C) Perception
D) Attitude
E) Perceptual grouping

Question 62

Stress can be caused by:

A) task demands
B) role demands
C) interpersonal demands
D) physical demands
E) All of these choices.

Question 63

Type A behaviour pattern is characterised by all of these,except:

A) impatience
B) devotion to work
C) aggressiveness
D) relaxed lifestyle
E) extreme competitiveness.

Question 64

__________ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organisation.

A) Machiavellianism
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Authoritarianism
E) Extroversion

Question 65

Uncertainty about what behaviours are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as:

A) role conflict
B) task overload
C) non-programmed decisions
D) role ambiguity
E) task underload.

Question 66

When Jack evaluates Dianne's performance and rates her 'outstanding' based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hard working,Jack is making which of these errors in perceptual judgement?

A) Perceptual defence
B) Projection
C) Stereotyping
D) The halo effect
E) Figure-ground

Question 67

Mental states arising spontaneously within a person based on their interaction with the environment rather than through conscious thought is known as a(n):

A) attribution error
B) self-serving bias
C) perception
D) emotion
E) None of these choices.

Question 68

__________ is tendency to direct much of one's own behaviour towards acquisition of power and the manipulation of others to personal gain.

A) Authoritarianism
B) Emotional stability
C) Locus of control
D) Machiavellianism
E) Extroversion

Question 69

_________________ stress is related to increased levels of performance.

A) Threat stress
B) Change stress
C) General
D) Worklife imbalance
E) None of these choices.

Question 70

The tendency of perceiver is to protect themselves by disregarding ideas,objects or people that are threatening to them is known as:

A) perceptual distortion
B) closure activity
C) perceptual defence
D) stereotyping
E) perceptual grouping.

Question 71

The tendency to make errors in judgement arising from inaccuracies in the sense-making process is known as:

A) fundamental attribution error
B) self-serving bias
C) personality trait
D) perceptual distortion
E) halo effect.

Question 72

All of these characteristics relate to the stimuli except:

A) contrast
B) familiarity
C) novelty
D) size
E) primacy.

Question 73

__________ is/are an individual's physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on the individual and create uncertainty and lack of personal control when important outcomes are at stake.

A) Perceptual errors
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Learning styles
D) Stress
E) None of these choices.

Question 74

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behaviour and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called:

A) perceptual distortion
B) closure activity
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) stereotyping
E) perceptual grouping.

Question 75

_________________ stress is related to increased levels of performance.

A) Threat stress
B) Change stress
C) General
D) Worklife imbalance
E) None of these choices.

Question 76

Each of the following are some proactive approaches to combat stress in the workplace,except:

A) setting up quiet rooms
B) implementing wellness programs
C) manager intervention
D) work life balance programs
E) All of these choices.

Question 77

The process that people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting,organising and interpreting information from the environment is called:

A) personality
B) attitude
C) dissonance
D) perception
E) person-job fit.

Question 78

The tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalisations about the group to the individual is called:

A) stereotyping
B) projection
C) figure-ground
D) the halo effect
E) perceptual defence.

Question 79

Being a hard worker and a perfectionist,Wally of Walkabout Nature Tours believes that all of his employees should be hard working and perfectionists as well.This appears to be an error in which of these perceptual judgements?

A) Stereotyping
B) Projection
C) Dissonance
D) The halo effect
E) Perceptual defence

Question 80

Ted wants to look his best when he goes for his interview.He is focusing on which of these perceiver's characteristics?

A) Contrast
B) Personality
C) Needs and motivation
D) Primacy
E) Recency