Deck 3: Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change

Question 1

Billy has trouble sitting still in class, so his teacher implements a program in which she praises Billy for staying in his seat.Billy's sitting behavior increases, and the teacher concludes her praise was responsible.The teacher does not realize Billy has started taking medication that causes fatigue.The medication would be an example of a(n) __________ variable.

A) independent
B) extraneous
C) dependent
D) behavioral

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which dimension(s) of behavior can be graphed?

A) frequency
B) duration
C) intensity
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In behavior modification, the main way to document behavior change is through the use of a(n):

A) graph
B) questionnaire
C) interview
D) statistical analysis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

On a graph ___________ is indicated on the Y axis and ________________ is indicated on the X axis.

A) time, behavior
B) behavior, time
C) frequency, duration
D) time, treatment

Question 5

A data point on a graph tells you:

A) when the behavior was recorded
B) the level of behavior
C) what is causing the behavior
D) A and B

Question 6

In behavior modification, a research design involves:

A) estimation
B) treatment implementation
C) replication
D) B and C

Question 7

In an A-B-A-B design, B refers to ______________ and A refers to _________________.

A) baseline; assessment
B) baseline; treatment
C) treatment; baseline
D) dependent variable; independent variable

Question 8

Which research design is referred to as a reversal design?

A) A-B
B) A-B-A-B
C) Multiple-baseline
D) Changing-criterion

Question 9

The two variables represented on a graph are:

A) the independent and dependent variables
B) time and behavior
C) the extraneous and controlling variables
D) frequency and outcome

Question 10

An A-B design does not demonstrate a functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior because there is no:

A) change in the target behavior
B) statistical test of significance
C) replication
D) validation

Question 11

A researcher demonstrates that receiving gold stickers for completing math problems increases the number of problems that a student finishes.The researcher has demonstrated a _____________ relationship between receiving gold stickers and completing math problems.

A) correlational
B) functional
C) perfect
D) two-way

Question 12

What should be taken into account before using an A-B-A-B design?

A) Is it ethical to remove treatment?
B) Can treatment be removed?
C) Will the level of behavior reverse?
D) all of these

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT necessary for a graph to be complete?

A) phase lines
B) data points
C) x-axis and y-axis
D) behavior change

Question 14

A vertical line on a graph indicating a change in treatment is called a:

A) baseline
B) time line
C) phase line
D) treatment line

Question 15

The horizontal axis in a graph is used to record:

A) behavior
B) time
C) change
D) duration

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an A-B design?

A) it is used to compare baseline and treatment
B) it is used in applied settings
C) it demonstrates a functional relationship
D) it is the simplest type of design

Question 17

In behavior modification, a research design is used to:

A) determine if the treatment changed the behavior
B) control the target behavior
C) make it easier to change the behavior
D) A and B

Question 18

The level of the target behavior is recorded on the:

A) horizontal axis
B) vertical axis
C) x-axis
D) abscissa

Question 19

A teacher records the biting behavior of a child before and after treatment is implemented.This is an example of a(n) ____________ design.

A) A-B-A-B
B) A-B
C) Multiple-baseline
D) Alternating treatments

Question 20

There are ________ components necessary for a graph to be complete.

A) four
B) six
C) eight
D) ten

Question 21

In a multiple baseline across subjects design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s) of __________ subject(s).

Question 22

To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures self-injurious behavior while giving a subject the drug on even numbered days and giving a placebo on odd numbered days for two weeks.This is an example of a(n) ____________________ design.

A) multiple baseline across settings
B) changing criterion
C) multiple baseline across behaviors
D) alternating treatments

Question 23

Which research design does NOT control for the effect of confounding variables?

A) A-B
B) A-B-A-B
C) changing-criterion
D) multiple-baseline

Question 24

In an A-B design, A= _________ and B= __________.

Question 25

A researcher records the hair pulling behavior of three different children in a classroom and implements treatment at a different time for each child.The researcher is using a(n) _____________ design.

A) multiple-baseline-across-behaviors
B) multiple-baseline-across-subjects
C) alternating-treatments
D) changing-criterion

Question 26

On a graph in behavior modification, the _____ axis shows the level of the behavior.

Question 27

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s) of __________ subject(s).

Question 28

On a graph in behavior modification, the _____ axis shows the units of time.

Question 29

The research design in which there are increasing (or decreasing) goal levels for the target behavior is referred to as a(n) ____________ design.

A) alternating-treatments
B) changing-criterion
C) multiple-baseline
D) A-B-A-B

Question 30

In a(n) ___________________ research design, there is a baseline and a treatment phase and, in the treatment phase, there are different criterion levels for the behavior.

Question 31

A researcher records a child's crying behavior when the child is at school and when the child is at home and provides treatment at school then at home.The researcher is using a(n) _____________ design.

A) A-B-A-B
B) multiple-baseline-across-settings
C) changing-criterion
D) multiple-baseline-across-behaviors

Question 32

A ________ is a visual representation of the occurrence of a behavior over time.

Question 33

The units of behavior are labeled on the Y axis of a graph.

Question 34

In a(n) __________________ research design, there is a baseline phase followed by a treatment phase and then another baseline and treatment phase.

Question 35

In a multiple baseline across settings design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for ________ behavior(s) of _________ subject(s) in __________ setting(s).

Question 36

To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures the self-injurious behavior of 3 children, and then gives the drug to the first child after one week.After two weeks of baseline, the second child gets the drug and after 3 weeks of baseline, the third child gets the drug.This is an example of a(n)___________ design.

A) multiple baseline across subjects
B) changing criterion
C) multiple baseline across behaviors
D) alternating treatments

Question 37

Which of the following is a type of multiple-baseline design?

A) across-subjects
B) across- staff
C) across-time
D) all of these

Question 38

A researcher is interested in measuring the hitting and screaming behaviors of a child, treating the hitting first, and treating the screaming later.To do this, the researcher would use a(n) ____________ design.

A) multiple-baseline-across-settings
B) multiple-baseline-across-behaviors
C) A-B-A-B
D) alternating treatments

Question 39

A critical feature of multiple-baseline designs is that:

A) baselines differ in length
B) treatment is staggered over time
C) A and B
D) none of these

Question 40

In a __________________ research design, baseline and treatment sessions occur in rapid succession.

Question 41

When you demonstrate that a behavior modification procedure caused a behavior to change, you are demonstrating a functional relationship.

Question 42

In the A-B-A-B reversal design, baseline and treatment are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.

Question 43

A functional relationship between the treatment and the behavior is demonstrated in a multiple baseline across subjects design when the behavior of each subject changes only after the treatment is implemented for that subject.

Question 44

Data points should be connected across phase lines.

Question 45

Each data point on a graph shows you the level of the behavior at a particular point in time.

Question 46

A-B designs are frequently used in behavior modification research.

Question 47

Does the A-B design demonstrate a functional relationship?Why or why not?

Question 48

Phase labels on a graph are typically put below the X axis.

Question 49

In an alternating treatments design, the baseline is implemented for a long period of time and then the treatment is implemented for a long period of time.

Question 50

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design, treatment is first implemented for one behavior of the subject and is then implemented later for a second behavior of the same subject.

Question 51

What does it mean to say that treatment is staggered in a multiple baseline design?