Deck 13: Methods of Therapy

Question 1

In psychotherapy, __________ in systematic interaction that applies psychological principles in order to help the patient overcome psychological disorders.

A)heredity and environment engage
B)illness and treatment combine
C)therapist and client engage
D)nature and nurture combine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The first mental institutions were located within

A)monasteries.
B)hospitals.
C)castles.
D)warehouses.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What was the function of early asylums?

A)To house new slaves.
B)To provide a place to store the mentally ill.
C)To spiritually cleanse those with abnormal behavior.
D)To treat individuals with psychological disorders.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the present day United States, most people with psychological disorders live in

A)the community.
B)asylums.
C)mental hospitals.
D)therapeutic communities.

Question 5

In the United States, by the mid-1950s, most people diagnosed with psychological disorders lived in

A)the community.
B)asylums.
C)mental hospitals.
D)therapeutic communities.

Question 6

The systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that applies psychological principles to affect the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior is

A)medical therapy.
B)psychotherapy.
C)operant conditioning.
D)extinction.

Question 7

Psychotherapy is helpful in dealing with

A)severe psychological disorders, like schizophrenia.
B)mild adjustment problems, such as a change in employment.
C)dysfunctional habits, such as drinking.
D)all of these

Question 8

Tom was a WWII veteran who exhibited post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression. He was hospitalized in 1951 for his problems. Most likely Tom went to a(n)

A)outpatient clinic.
B)mental hospital.
C)monastery asylum.
D)country estate.

Question 9

Monasteries provided the first __________, which were the first institutions meant primarily for people with psychological disorders.

A)asylums
B)prisons
C)sanitariums
D)mental hospitals

Question 10

Philippe Pinel advanced the treatment of the mentally ill as a result of his efforts

A)at La Salpêtrière in Paris.
B)in Bethlehem, England.
C)with the Quakers.
D)with William Tuke.

Question 11

Psychotherapy treats

A)only biologically based disorders.
B)patients using consistent methods, no matter how the therapist was trained.
C)psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and personal growth issues.
D)only those clinical syndromes described in the DSM-IV-TR.

Question 12

During the time when society explained mental illnesses as demonic possession or evil, the treatments for psychological disorders were

A)more humane.
B)forgiving.
C)nonexistent.
D)mostly punitive.

Question 13

Asylums are to __________ as a mental hospital is to __________.

A)St. Mary's; Bedlam
B)warehousing; treatment
C)Bedlam; St. Mary's
D)treatment; warehousing

Question 14

Psychotherapy is used to affect the client's

A)actions.
B)emotions.
C)thoughts.
D)all of these.

Question 15

Why did the first asylums aggravate the conditions of the mentally ill?

A)The conditions were overcrowded and there was no treatment.
B)The doctors were cruel.
C)The patients refused treatment.
D)The patients were released too soon.

Question 16

__________ led efforts in the United States to improve the conditions for people with psychological disorders.

A)Philippe Pinel
B)William Tuke
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Dorothea Dix

Question 17

A therapist's relationship to a client is impacted by the

A)therapist's theoretical approach.
B)client's perspective.
C)interaction of the therapist's theoretical approach and the client's perspective.
D)none of these.

Question 18

Carrie wants to increase her self-esteem and become the best spouse she can be. Which approach is likely to help Carrie be successful?

A)medication
B)psychotherapy
C)visiting a psychic
D)none of these

Question 19

Which one of the following was a reformer who attempted to change the manner in which patients with abnormal behavior were treated?

A)Dorothea Dix
B)William Tuke
C)Philippe Pinel
D)All of these.

Question 20

A patient in the 1970s who exhibited schizophrenia was likely to experience

A)community mental health services.
B)monastic asylums.
C)long term institutionalization.
D)all of these.

Question 21

You go to your therapist for the first time and he tells you to lie on a couch in a slightly darkened room. He then asks you to talk about anything that comes to your mind, no matter how trivial it may seem. The technique being used by your therapist is known as

A)catharsis.
B)repression.
C)free association.
D)resistance.

Question 22

A psychodynamic therapist finds that a client has difficulty with the __________ method and concludes that the client is having difficulty breaking through his defenses against unconscious impulses.

A)free association
B)defense mechanism
C)catharsis
D)resistance

Question 23

Freud proposed the concept of __________ to describe the spilling forth of psychic energy that had been repressed by feelings of guilt.

A)resistance
B)catharsis
C)id
D)superego

Question 24

__________ therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.

A)Gestalt
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Client-centered
D)Behavioral

Question 25

The psychoanalytic method explains difficulties with the free association method as based on the client's __________ to threatening unconscious material.

A)abreaction
B)resistance
C)impulse
D)confession

Question 26

A client avoids talking about his relationship with his father. The psychoanalyst asks him to talk about this relationship. The client becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." This is indicative of

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)catharsis.
D)free association.

Question 27

A client reclines as they talk about whatever comes to mind. The therapist listens and notices relationships or time periods that the client avoids talking about. This is the __________ method of therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)systematic desensitization
C)client-centered
D)rational-emotive

Question 28

Bob refuses to discuss his adolescent years with his therapist. He makes up excuses for not doing so by saying, "I don't remember what happened during those years, it must not be important." What is this tendency called?

A)transference
B)resistance
C)catharsis
D)free association

Question 29

Lea is experiencing therapy in which she is encouraged to discuss whatever is on her mind, regardless of what she might be thinking. This therapeutic technique is called

A)free association
B)defense mechanism
C)catharsis
D)resistance

Question 30

Freud felt that __________ provided relief to the client by releasing pent up tension caused by repressed conflict and guilt.

A)aggression
B)active listening
C)catharsis
D)resistance

Question 31

A client accuses his psychoanalyst of sounding just like his father. This client is exhibiting

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)catharsis.
D)association.

Question 32

You are about to discontinue your therapy because your therapist simply sits and does nothing while you do all the talking. When you complain, the therapist assures you that this is typical in

A)client-centered therapy.
B)psychoanalytic therapy.
C)transactional analysis.
D)Gestalt therapy.

Question 33

The aim of psychodynamic treatment is

A)behavioral change.
B)increased self-esteem.
C)peace of mind.
D)insight.

Question 34

__________ is the traditional form of psychoanalytic therapy as pioneered by Sigmund Freud.

A)Psychoanalysis
B)Insight therapy
C)Ego psychology
D)Psychogenesis

Question 35

You have consulted a therapist because of psychological difficulties. Your therapist instructs you to lie down on a couch in a slightly darkened room. The therapist encourages you to say anything that comes to mind while he says little or nothing for session after session. You have selected a __________ therapist.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)Gestalt
D)client-centered

Question 36

You go to your therapist for the first time and she tells you to lie on a couch in a slightly darkened room. She then asks you to talk about anything that comes to mind, no matter how trivial it may seem. What kind of psychotherapy are you undergoing?

A)systematic desensitization
B)traditional psychoanalysis
C)flooding
D)person centered therapy

Question 37

Your psychology instructor claims that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts involving the shifting of psychic energy among the psychic structures. Who does your instructor sound similar to?

A)Carl Rogers
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Sigmund Freud
D)John Watson

Question 38

According to psychoanalytic therapies, what is the origin of psychological disorders?

A)An inconsistent reinforcement history.
B)Early childhood experiences and inner conflicts.
C)Inherited predispositions.
D)Too much unconditional love.

Question 39

A goal of psychoanalysis was to strengthen the psychic structure that Freud called the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.

Question 40

Hannah's therapist believes her anxiety is the result of unconscious impulses that are breaking through to the conscious level. Her therapist endorses the __________ perspective.

A)behavioral
B)psychoanalytic
C)cognitive
D)humanistic

Question 41

Freud proposed that the psychic structure of the unconscious could be revealed by a patient's

A)dreams.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)defenses.

Question 42

Client-centered therapy focuses on how childhood experiences create __________ which adversely affect the client's current functioning.

A)positive regard
B)self-efficacy
C)self-actualization
D)denial of self

Question 43

Modern psychoanalysis is to __________ as Freudian psychoanalysis is to __________.

A)rational; irrational
B)unconscious; conscious
C)directive; nondirective
D)id; ego

Question 44

You meet with your therapist for the first time, and she tells you that she believes that we have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that we are free to make choices and control our destinies. She also tells you that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. What kind of therapy is she likely to practice?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behavioral
C)client-centered
D)Gestalt

Question 45

While psychoanalytic approaches focus on the unconscious level of experience, the humanistic perspective focuses on the __________ level of experience.

A)interpersonal
B)conscious, subjective
C)objective, observable
D)irrational

Question 46

You are a modern psychoanalytic therapist. You will be more directive than a traditional psychoanalyst, and you will focus on the __________ more than the id.

A)ego
B)latent content
C)unconscious
D)superego

Question 47

Which of the following, according to Carl Rogers, is NOT a quality of a client-centered therapist?

A)genuineness
B)directiveness
C)unconditional positive regard
D)empathy

Question 48

Steve has started responding to his therapist as if she was his mother. He often asks her for advice on different issues and seeks her approval for his behaviors. This is called

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)catharsis.
D)association.

Question 49

Freud believed that clients do not only respond to the analyst as an individual, they also respond in ways that reflect their attitudes and feelings towards other people in their lives. He called this process __________.

A)resistance
B)free association
C)repression
D)transference

Question 50

Psychoanalytic therapy is to __________ as humanistic is to __________.

A)conscious; unconscious
B)present; past
C)unconscious; conscious
D)rational; irrational

Question 51

While traditional psychoanalysis focused on the client's past experiences, the humanistic therapist tends to focus on

A)the present.
B)the future.
C)inner conflict.
D)social conditions.

Question 52

According to Freud, unconscious impulses tend to be expressed in dreams as a form of

A)fantasy.
B)resistance.
C)wish fulfillment.
D)repression.

Question 53

Freudian psychoanalysis is to __________ as modern psychoanalysis is to __________.

A)ego; id
B)id; ego
C)id; superego
D)ego; superego

Question 54

According to Freud, the content of dreams is determined by unconscious processes as well as __________.

A)the desires of the ego
B)events of the day
C)the expression of superego
D)none of these

Question 55

Ego analysts focus on the __________ rather than on the __________.

A)conscious behavior of id; unconscious behavior of ego.
B)unconscious behavior of id; conscious behavior of ego.
C)conscious behavior of ego; unconscious behavior of id.
D)the superego; the ego.

Question 56

According to Rogers, the basis for psychological problems stems from

A)a focus on the here and now.
B)childhood experiences and internal conflicts.
C)roadblocks to self-actualization.
D)unconscious conflicts.

Question 57

Freud considered dreams the __________.

A)royal road to the unconscious
B)window to the soul
C)path to the superego
D)path of least resistance

Question 58

What are modern psychoanalysts often called?

A)ego analysts
B)superego interpreters
C)conflict interpreters
D)unconscious mind analysts

Question 59

__________ originated client-centered therapy.

A)Erik Erikson
B)Alfred Adler
C)Fritz Perls
D)Carl Rogers

Question 60

Erik has a reoccurring dream in which he is a famous basketball star. A psychoanalytic therapist would explain this dream as __________.

A)insignificant, as dreams have no meaning for psychodynamic therapists
B)repressed anger
C)the desires of conscious thought
D)wish fulfillment

Question 61

Your therapist is accepting and warm and shows unconditional positive regard for clients. You are encouraged to feel good about yourself and to make choices that develop your potential. Your therapist uses a(n) __________ approach to treatment.

A)psychoanalytic
B)ego analytic
C)client-centered
D)behavioral

Question 62

Jerry's therapist wants to understand his perception of what went wrong with his marriage. The therapist doesn't pass judgment and attempts to view the marriage through Jerry's __________.

A)conditions
B)actualization
C)frame of reference
D)none of these

Question 63

Behavior modification is another term for

A)classical conditioning.
B)Gestalt directive therapy.
C)behavior therapy.
D)nondirective therapy.

Question 64

Client-centered therapy is to __________ as Gestalt therapy is to __________.

A)directive; nondirective
B)nondirective; directive
C)objective; subjective
D)present; past

Question 65

Joan's therapist acknowledges her pain regarding the loss of her home and explains how he might feel the same way if confronted with a similar situation. Joan's therapist is demonstrating

A)empathy.
B)conditional regard.
C)conditions of worth.
D)all of these.

Question 66

Frank applied the principles of learning to directly promote desired behavioral changes in his clients. What is Frank practicing?

A)Gestalt therapy
B)rational-emotive behavior therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)functional analysis

Question 67

To help a client change maladaptive behavior, they are taught an incompatible adaptive behavior to take the place of the previous behavior. This technique is part of __________ therapies.

A)client-centered
B)behavior
C)cognitive
D)drug induced

Question 68

Gestalt therapy differs from client-centered therapy in that Gestalt approaches are

A)more directive.
B)less directive.
C)more Freudian.
D)more conventional.

Question 69

Shauna is a psychotherapist. She assumes that people don social masks and disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection. She says that the goal of therapy should be to help the clients integrate the conflicting parts of their personality. What will Shauna most likely practice?

A)Gestalt therapy
B)behavioral therapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered therapy

Question 70

Both client-centered and Gestalt therapy aim to help clients

A)experience catharsis.
B)gain access to repressed material in the unconscious.
C)integrate conflicting parts of their personalities.
D)overcome pessimism.

Question 71

Perls used the term __________ to indicate integration of the conflicting parts of personality.

A)dialogue
B)top dog
C)role
D)Gestalt

Question 72

Client-centered therapy is to __________ as behavior therapy is to __________.

A)habits; insight
B)emotions; actions
C)doing; feeling
D)actions; emotions

Question 73

A recent divorcee is struggling in the area of communication skills. The __________ therapist sets up a program to reinforce the client's acquisition of social skills.

A)client-centered
B)psychodynamic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 74

A therapist is helping a client ascertain what rewards are maintaining the client's drinking habit so a modification plan can be devised. This is an example of _______ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)psychodynamic

Question 75

Psychodynamic, client-centered, and Gestalt therapies all view psychological disorders as the result of

A)past trauma.
B)internal conflict.
C)reinforcement history.
D)low self-esteem.

Question 76

In client-centered therapy, the therapist tries to set aside his or her own values and view the world through the client's

A)frame of reference.
B)neurosis.
C)unconscious impulses.
D)wish fulfillment.

Question 77

Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness are important qualities for a __________ therapist.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)client-centered

Question 78

What do both client-centered and Gestalt therapies focus on?

A)the past
B)the here and now
C)the unconscious
D)the parent-child relationship

Question 79

Ben's therapist believes that Ben has ignored his desire to go to college because his family always wanted him to join them in their restaurant business. This has held him back from achieving his full potential. Ben's therapist uses the __________ approach to therapy.

A)psychoanalytical
B)client-centered
C)rational emotive
D)cognitive

Question 80

Behavior therapy applies the principles of __________ to modify behavior.

A)dynamics
B)cognition
C)avoidance
D)learning