Deck 25: Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What might be the clinical significance of loss of surfactant production by type II alveolar cells?

A) Failure of type II alveolar cells to produce surfactant may result in alveolar collapse.
B) Reduced amounts or absence of surfactant will result in more efficient alveolar inflation upon inspiration.
C) Surfactant is not needed for proper lung function, so there would be no consequence if it were not produced.
D) Because surfactant is produced by type I alveolar cells, there would be no clinical effect of reduced surfactant production by type II alveolar cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The lungs are located in the ________ on either side of the heart.

A) plural cavities
B) pelvic cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) thoracic cavity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following answer choices correctly organizes the airways of the bronchial tree (large airways to small airways)?

A) alveoli > alveolar sac > alveolar duct > respiratory bronchiole > terminal bronchiole > bronchioles > small bronchi > tertiary bronchi > secondary bronchi > primary bronchus
B) primary bronchus > secondary bronchus > tertiary bronchus > small bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar duct > alveolar sac > alveoli
C) alveoli > secondary bronchus > tertiary bronchus > small bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar duct > alveolar sac > primary bronchus
D) tertiary bronchus > primary bronchus > secondary bronchus > small bronchi > terminal bronchioles > bronchioles > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar duct > alveolar sac > alveoli

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Identify the airway type based on this description:The airway type is lined with squamous epithelium,cartilage is absent,goblet cells are absent,and ciliated cells are absent.

A) bronchiole
B) alveoli
C) trachea
D) primary bronchus

Question 5

What criteria might an observer use to distinguish between a bronchiole and a bronchus?

A) A bronchiole is lined by columnar epithelium.
B) Cartilage is present in bronchioles but not in bronchi.
C) Cartilage is present in bronchi but not in bronchioles.
D) A bronchus is lined by cuboidal epithelium.

Question 6

What are the structural differences between the left and right lungs?

A) The left lung has two lobes, whereas the right lung has three lobes, the left lung features a groove for the aorta and cardiac depression/notch, and the left lung contains one fissure, whereas the right lung contains two fissures.
B) The left lung has three lobes, whereas the right lung has two lobes, the left lung features a groove for the aorta and cardiac depression/notch, and the left lung contains two fissures, whereas the right lung contains one fissure.
C) The left lung has one lobe, whereas the right lung has three lobes, the right lung features a groove for the aorta and cardiac depression/notch, and the left lung contains one fissure, whereas the right lung contains two fissures.
D) There are no differences in the structure of the left and right lungs.

Question 7

The ________,or windpipe,delivers air to the bronchial tree.

A) glottis
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) trachea

Question 8

________ is an enzyme that can kill bacteria that enter the respiratory tract.

A) Mucus
B) Lysozyme
C) Surfactant
D) Acid

Question 9

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the ________.

A) ethmoid bone
B) nasal bones
C) nasal septum
D) frontal bone

Question 10

The arrangement of airways in the lungs most closely resembles ________.

A) a circle
B) a tree
C) a light pole
D) the letter "Y"

Question 11

The vocal cords are located in the ________.

A) trachea
B) esophagus
C) larynx
D) pharynx

Question 12

Identify the airway type based on this description:The airway type is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium,cartilage is present,goblet cells are present,and ciliated cells are present.

A) bronchiole
B) primary bronchus
C) terminal bronchiole
D) alveolar duct

Question 13

Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of the hair that lines the external nares (nostrils)?

A) Hair in the nostrils enhances the sense of smell.
B) Hairs of the nostrils facilitate the flow of particles into the nasal cavity.
C) The hair that lines the nostrils filters foreign particles, preventing entry into the nasal cavity.
D) The hair has no known function.

Question 14

What is the role of cilia in the respiratory tract?

A) Cilia in the upper respiratory tract direct mucus to the pharynx so that it can be swallowed. Stomach acids subsequently destroy any respiratory irritants trapped in the mucus.
B) Cilia trap respiratory irritants such as dust and other small particles.
C) Cilia produce mucus.
D) Cilia are present on the surface of cells that line the trachea, but they have no defined function in the respiratory system.

Question 15

Which of the following distributes air to particular regions of the lung?

A) trachea
B) respiratory airways
C) conducting airways
D) pulmonary capillaries

Question 16

Which of the pharyngeal regions is most closely associated with the oral cavity?

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) trachea
D) laryngopharynx

Question 17

Of the cartilages associated with the larynx,which serve as attachment sites for muscles that regulate tension of the vocal cords during speech?

A) corniculate cartilages
B) cuneiform cartilages
C) cricoid cartilage
D) arytenoid cartilages

Question 18

As airways become smaller,________.

A) the amount of cartilage decreases, the amount of smooth muscle increases, and the type of epithelium does not change
B) the amount of cartilage increases, the amount of smooth muscle decreases, and the type of epithelium changes
C) the amount of cartilage decreases, the amount of smooth muscle increases, and the type of epithelium changes
D) the amount of cartilage increases, the amount of smooth muscle increases, and the type of epithelium changes

Question 19

The pharynx ________.

A) serves as a common passageway for air to the larynx and food to the esophagus
B) serves as a passageway for air to the larynx
C) consists of two pharyngeal regions
D) serves as a passageway for food to the esophagus

Question 20

The epiglottis covers the laryngeal opening when you swallow.What is the significance of this action?

A) The epiglottis prevents food and beverages from "going down the wrong pipe" by blocking the entrance to the larynx.
B) The epiglottis prevents backflow of food and beverage into the pharynx.
C) The epiglottis has no known function.
D) The epiglottis allows food and beverages to enter the larynx.