Deck 5: Off The Job Training Methods

Question 1

The lecture method offers tremendous advantages over other training methods particularly if the learning outcomes are geared toward changing behaviour or acquisition of skills.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The case study method of training works best in structured and formalized classroom settings.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The role-play instructional method has three stages: development, enactment, and debriefing.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Case incident and case study methods share many similarities including length of material provided, scope of issues covered, and preparation requirements.

Question 5

Some evidence suggests a "mixed modelling strategy" in program design is in fact more effective for behavioural generalization versus simply showing the trainee the correct behaviour.

Question 6

Instructor-led classroom training continues to be the most popular method of providing training in both Canada and the United States.

Question 7

An example of physical fidelity is providing mechanics with the same tools in training as the tools they will be using on the job.

Question 8

It is important that the model used in behaviour modelling training is someone who is perceived to be credible by the trainer.

Question 9

Both psychological and physical fidelity deal with creating training environments that are only partially similar to real situations. At a basic level, it deals with having trainees experiment in scenarios that are NOT likely to occur in real life. This allows trainees to generalize behaviours.

Question 10

One of the limitations of role play is that trainees are not shown exactly what to do and how to behave prior to participating in the role.

Question 11

When compared with the case study method case incidents tend to be broad in scope, often dealing with multiple complex management issues.

Question 12

The discussion method is a training method strongly linked with the development of critical thinking skills and declarative knowledge acquisition.

Question 13

The textbook seems to support the idea that transfer of behaviour to the worksite is straightforward if behaviour modelling training is used as the primary training method.

Question 14

The Queen's University Faculty of Heath Sciences vignette makes a strong case for why they do not use off-the-job training methods, focusing learning at the beside with real patients.

Question 15

One advantage of audio-visual methods used in a training program is the ability of the trainer to control the pace of the training.

Question 16

One of the weaknesses associated with role plays is the notion that role plays must always include just three actors: a manager or supervisor, an employee, and an observer. Variations to this approach are not encouraged.

Question 17

The debrief phase of role play is of critical importance and should last much longer than the enactment phase. Through feedback and reflection, learning really occurs during the debrief phase.

Question 18

Simulations are operating models of physical or social events designed to represent real situations.

Question 19

The most important determinant of training method choice should be based on the objectives and learning outcomes required of the training program.

Question 20

Several studies have found that using cases improves communication skills and problem solving, and enables students to better understand management situations.

Question 21

If not designed properly, the discussion instructional method may undermine the learning experience. Which of the following would you NOT consider to be a potential drawback of the discussion method?

A) helps trainees recognize what they do not know but should know
B) difficult to implement with large groups
C) some trainees may not have an opportunity to participate
D) the discussion may be controlled by a few trainees

Question 22

According to the textbook, which off-the-job instructional training method is used by the majority of business schools when the focus of the class is the development of critical thinking and decision making skills?

A) games
B) case study
C) behaviour modelling
D) simulations

Question 23

Harvey, a corporate trainer, decides to use the discussion method during a training session. What is one key item that Harvey should be careful to ensure in order to facilitate learning outcomes using the discussion method?

A) that discussion is not dominated by a few trainees
B) that the trainer acts as the presenter
C) that all trainees have comparable educational backgrounds and similar work experiences
D) that the seating configuration has a formal setting arrangement

Question 24

One of your colleagues approaches you for a few tips on how to best put together a training session using the case study method. Which of the following is NOT a tip you should provide?

A) the case should be realistic and free of personal biases
B) the case writer should avoid facts and keep the information vague
C) the case writer should not make assumptions
D) the case should challenge the trainees' critical thinking skills

Question 25

Games should be used only when the trainer is most concerned about entertaining trainees.

Question 26

What types of instructional methods does Queen's University use to train health professionals?

A) lecture and case study
B) discussion and case incident
C) on-the-job instructional methods
D) simulation and state-of-the-art technology

Question 27

What might a trainer do to overcome some of the shortcomings of the discussion method?

A) ensure that trainees have similar experiences with the company, and generally have the same level of education
B) ensure that groups have at least ten participants
C) have a senior executive stop by the session to share his/her viewpoint at the start of the session
D) have a seating arrangement that encourages within-group discussion, ideally a circle

Question 28

An aptitude-treatment interaction refers to situations in which trainees do not have the aptitude required to learn the training material.

Question 29

In which training method do trainees discuss, analyze, and solve problems based on a real-life situation?

A) group discussion
B) case incident
C) case study
D) role play

Question 30

What should the trainer first determine before deciding on a training method?

A) what trainees are expected to know after training
B) the level of skills and the mix of trainees
C) the level of detail needed and how he/she will present the material
D) the level of humour needed to make the lecture interesting

Question 31

The lecture method is the most widely used instructional method. Which of the following is an ideal match for choosing the lecture method?

A) learning outcomes are centred around changing behaviour
B) learning outcomes are centred around changing attitudes
C) trainees want a passive learning experience and cost considerations are important
D) trainees have different levels of knowledge

Question 32

Which of the following are drawback(s) of training that relies solely on the lecture method?

A) too much information is transferred in a short period of time
B) linkage between content and learning outcomes is usually weak
C) too much emphasis on accommodating different learning styles
D) not an effective method to develop skills and change behaviours

Question 33

Mathew is a corporate trainer for a local paint company. He is trying to decide how to best choose a specific instructional method that would allow the experiences of trainees to be used during training. Which of the following would likely be a good choice for Mathew to use?

A) lectures
B) discussion method
C) a technology-based simulation
D) behaviour modelling coupled with off-the job training

Question 34

A flipped classroom is when the trainer and trainees reverse roles and the trainees become the instructors.

Question 35

Action learning is more popular in Europe than in North America.

Question 36

Duane, a corporate trainer, is putting together a training program that will help new managers learn how to make decisions based on realistic management scenarios. He wants to make sure trainees experience different scenarios with different challenges and goals. Which of the following would be an ideal instructional method given Duane's learning goals?

A) lectures and role plays
B) lectures and discussions
C) case studies and case incidents
D) discussions and role plays

Question 37

Games are an example of problem-based learning.

Question 38

A corporate trainer wants trainees to focus solutions on one single topic by providing a very short version of a full case. Which method should this trainer use?

A) role play
B) case study
C) case incident
D) behaviour modelling

Question 39

Which training method often creates frustration for trainees given the lack of information presented, particularly when the trainees lack experience?

A) case incident
B) action learning
C) role play
D) behaviour modelling

Question 40

According to the textbook, what is the typical reaction to fictitious cases used in a training event?

A) boredom and distrust
B) disinterest and irrelevance
C) apathy and suspicion
D) tedium and doubt

Question 41

The textbook suggests a five-step process when implementing behaviour modelling training. Which of the following steps is considered the most difficult to execute?

A) define the desired behaviours to trainees
B) provide trainees with the opportunity to practise
C) provide timely feedback to trainees, positive or negative
D) provide an on-the-job environment that supports the learned behaviours

Question 42

A particular company approaches its human resources department and asks the manager of training and development (T&D) to create training programs that tackle real-world issues facing the company. What training method would the manager of T&D likely pick?

A) lecture
B) simulation
C) action learning
D) games

Question 43

Behaviour modelling training is grounded on four general principles of learning linked together to create a strong learning process or chain. Which of those principles has been found in research to be the weakest link in this process?

A) transfer to the job
B) reinforcement via rewards
C) rehearsal or practice
D) physical fidelity

Question 44

If you are designing a training program and you want to encourage open discussion and analysis of problems and events, what instructional method would be the best choice?

A) role play
B) discussion
C) action learning
D) case study

Question 45

Given the content presented in the textbook on off-the-job training methods, which of the following statements is correct?

A) off-the-job training methods have been found to be the most effective when trying to improve organizational performance
B) the lecture method is the most effective method when training outcomes are centred on changing the behaviour of trainees
C) before choosing a training method, trainers must consider the cost and resources available
D) training objectives and resource constraints should drive the choice of training method used

Question 46

Significant research exists supporting the effectiveness of behaviour modelling training. Which of the following variables is NOT linked to strong on-the-job transfer when a trainer uses behaviour modelling methods?

A) positive and negative behaviours are displayed by models
B) trainee goal setting is encouraged
C) trainees' managers are trained
D) experimental training methods are used in conjunction with behaviour modelling

Question 47

Which method would you recommend the Canadian Armed Forces use to decrease driving accidents associated with its armoured vehicle units?

A) role play
B) lecture
C) simulation
D) behaviour modelling

Question 48

You have been asked to use games as a training method during a corporate retreat event. What is one potential drawback associated with this training method that you should be looking out for?

A) the tendency for trainers to be uncomfortable with the method and hence resist it
B) the tendency to focus exclusively on one functional area
C) the tendency to create potential unhealthy competition between trainees
D) the tendency for trainees to not enjoy games as a training method

Question 49

Which of the following training methods incorporates more adult learning principles than are used in other training methods?

A) simulations
B) action learning
C) case studies
D) role plays

Question 50

What instructional method would you suggest would be most appropriate for teaching interpersonal and supervisory skills to a group of managers?

A) action learning
B) simulation
C) behaviour modelling
D) discussion

Question 51

A trainer wants to inject an element of experiential learning into his lectures. At the same time, he does not want to spend a lot of time preparing a detailed case requiring significant preparation time by the trainees prior to the lecture. What instructional method should this trainer consider to supplement his lectures?

A) action learning
B) games
C) case study
D) case incident

Question 52

Which training method should have operating models of both physical and psychological fidelity associated with it?

A) role play
B) simulations
C) lectures
D) case incidents

Question 53

If a trainer is going to use a mixed-modelling strategy, what outcome is he most likely interested in achieving as a result of the training?

A) behavioural repetition
B) behavioural reproduction
C) behavioural generalization
D) behavioural reinforcement

Question 54

What is one key difference between role play and behaviour modelling training?

A) role play does not provide the trainee with the correct response prior to role playing
B) they are synonymous except that behaviour modelling has more research supporting its usage
C) trainees using the behaviour modelling method have much more control over learning outcomes
D) one is used primarily on-the-job, while the other takes place in classrooms

Question 55

Which of the following may NOT be considered a "best practice" when using role play as a training method?

A) trust has to be established and an open and inclusive environment is needed
B) mistakes should be used as learning opportunities
C) the trainer should act as a facilitator during the debrief phase
D) given the free-flow nature of this training method, trainers do not need to determine learning outcomes prior to the training session

Question 56

Which concept ensures trainees are trained with tools that resemble as closely as possible the tools used on the actual job?

A) physical fidelity
B) physiological fidelity
C) psychological fidelity
D) psychosocial fidelity

Question 57

What percentage of Canadian workers consider in-house, instructor-led workshops as the most valued type of training?

A) over one-quarter
B) over one-third
C) over one-half
D) 100 percent

Question 58

If a trainer is concerned about an aptitude-treatment interaction, what exactly is she concerned about?

A) that the aptitude of trainees might prevent them from learning
B) that the instructional method might not be effective for all trainees
C) that trainees might require a treatment to increase their aptitude before the training
D) that trainees will resist the training if they don't like the instructional method

Question 59

If a trainer is considering using a flipped classroom as part of a training program, what will this involve?

A) the trainees will take turns being the instructor
B) the lecture will take place on the job rather than in the classroom
C) training content will be delivered outside the classroom
D) the instructor will take on the role of trainee

Question 60

A human resource manager asks you for advice. She wants to introduce a training program that will help resolve personality conflicts at work so employees may improve the way they communicate with each other. All else being equal, what off-the-job instructional method would you recommend to the manager?

A) case incidents
B) role play
C) simulations
D) games

Question 61

a) List at least five benefits of using the discussion method.?b) Identify potential challenges trainers may experience when using the discussion method.

Question 62

Identify and briefly explain the four general principles of learning that the behaviour modelling training is based upon.

Question 63

You are a training specialist responsible for training bartenders for a nightclub chain. You have decided to incorporate the notion of fidelity into your training plan. In a training context, describe and contrast physical and psychological fidelity. How would you incorporate these elements of fidelity into your training program?

Question 64

What is an aptitude-treatment interaction and what are its implications for choosing a training method and training effectiveness?

Question 65

Outline and briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of using games as a training method.

Question 66

If a new trainer was told to include instructional Media as part of a training program, what would you tell her about instructional Media and what to use it for?

Question 67

John is trying to determine which off-the-job training methods he will be using for a new group of managers. He wants to make a list identifying variables he should consider before deciding on training methods. What are the factors that he should determine before choosing training methods?

Question 68

Compare and contrast the case study and the case incident methods.