Deck 10: Understanding Individual Behavior

Question 1

Research indicates that employees who feel that they are treated with respect are 200 percent more likely to stay with the company.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Social awareness is the ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The ability to connect to others, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others is referred to as relationship management.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

Question 5

An emotion can be thought of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

Question 6

The last step of the perception process is organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response.

Question 7

The halo effect blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

Question 8

Locus of control refers to an individual's belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

Question 9

In the step-by-step guide for managing time described in the text,  the last step in getting organized is to empty your head.

Question 10

A recent survey by the Conference Board found that less than 50 percent of U.S.employees say they are satisfied at work.

Question 11

An internal attribution says that something about the situation has caused the person's behavior.

Question 12

Extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work are components of the Type B behavior pattern.

Question 13

A survey of 75 members of the Stanford Graduate School of Business's Advisory Council revealed that by far the most important capability for managers to develop is self-confidence.

Question 14

A positive attitude toward one's job is called job commitment.

Question 15

Self-management is a component of emotional intelligence.

Question 16

Organizations that want to challenge their employees and stay competitive can easily be stress-free.

Question 17

People with an internal locus of control are easier to motivate because they believe the rewards are the result of their behavior.

Question 18

Teresa is an extremely imaginative and artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity.According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities are associated with a high level of openness to experience.

Question 19

Two important approaches to enhancing self-awareness are soliciting feedback from others and engaging in self-assessment.

Question 20

In the step-by-step guide for managing time described in the text, the three options for getting things done are doing it, delegating it, or deferring it.

Question 21

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she comes to work every day earlier than anyone else.Her early arrival makes him think she is extremely hardworking.Other aspects of her work performance, like accuracy and meeting deadlines, are less than stellar.Josh is making which error in perceptual judgment?

A)Perceptual defense
B)Projection
C)Stereotyping
D)The halo effect
E)Figure-ground

Question 22

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as _____.

A)locus of control
B)self-confidence
C)self-efficacy
D)perceptual selectivity
E)cognitive dissonance

Question 23

In which stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns?

A)Selecting
B)Projecting
C)Organizing
D)Sensing
E)Reasoning

Question 24

Research shows that __________ are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

A)high introverts
B)high authoritarians
C)high Machs
D)low extroverts
E)low Machs

Question 25

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment, EXCEPT _____.

A)maintaining a secretive culture
B)being honest and trustworthy in business dealings
C)giving employees a say in decisions
D)treating employees fairly
E)offering employees rewards that they value

Question 26

According to Jung, __________-type people would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information.

A)feeling
B)thinking 
C)intuitive
D)sensation
E)perceiving 

Question 27

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others.He is good-natured and cooperative.Jay probably ranks high on which of the Big Five personality factors?

A)Agreeableness
B)Conscientiousness
C)Emotional stability
D)Openness to experience
E)Extroversion

Question 28

Jason has been unemployed for three months.When a friend asked him why he had not yet found a job, Jason responded, "I guess I'm just unlucky." Jason would be considered as having a(n) _____.

A)external locus of control
B)high conscientiousness
C)sensation and intuition type personality
D)internal locus of control
E)high Mach attitude

Question 29

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, while taking personal credit for good grades could be an example of _____.

A)perceptual distortion
B)closure activity
C)self-serving bias
D)stereotyping
E)perceptual grouping

Question 30

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

A)Observing information
B)Screening the information
C)Selecting what to process
D)Organizing the selected data into patterns
E)Transmitting the observed information

Question 31

Nearly all U.S.companies use personality tests in hiring and promotion decisions.

Question 32

Frank missed an important deadline at work.His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." George has made which of the following kinds of attributions about Frank's behavior?

A)External
B)Internal
C)Horizontal
D)Vertical
E)Skewed

Question 33

 Research indicates that most employees are committed to their organizations and less than 25 percent can be categorized as disengaged.

Question 34

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of the Big Five personality factors?

A)Agreeableness
B)Conscientiousness
C)Emotional stability
D)Openness to experience
E)Extroversion

Question 35

A high degree of __________ means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

A)self-management
B)social cohesiveness
C)social awareness
D)relationship management
E)self-awareness

Question 36

Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis.To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation.In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order.Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which of the following Myers-Briggs categories?

A)Judging-perceiving
B)Intuitive-thinking
C)Sensation-thinking
D)Sensation-feeling
E)Intuitive-feeling

Question 37

__________ reflects the degree to which a person finds fulfillment in his or her job.

A)Organizational citizenship
B)Job satisfaction
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Organizational commitment
E)Job involvement

Question 38

The Big Five personality factor of __________ seems to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations.

A)likability
B)agreeableness
C)friendliness
D)openness
E)sociability

Question 39

Research suggests that people with an external locus of control are ______.

A)more achievement oriented
B)better able to handle complex information and problem solving
C)more independent
D)easier to motivate
E)easier to manage

Question 40

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.She fits which of the following personality categories most closely?

A)High Mach
B)Low Mach
C)High feeling
D)Low feeling
E)Moderate thinking

Question 41

David is a decisive, applied thinker who emphasizes details and focuses on short-term, realistic goals.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator™ would most likely classify his personal style as _____.

A)sensation-thinking
B)intuitive-thinking
C)intuitive-feeling
D)sensation-feeling
E)a combination of sensation thinking and feeling

Question 42

An individual's ___________ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

Question 43

Shonda is kind and sympathetic, seeks to be supportive of and encouraging to others, and almost never insults others.Shonda is most likely to score high on the Big Five dimension of _____.

A)extroversion
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)openness
E)conscientiousness

Question 44

A positive feeling about one's job is called ___________.

Question 45

___________ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, likable, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

Question 46

The process people use to make sense of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment is referred to as ___________.

Question 47

Ed is often critical of himself, envies others, and by his own admission tends to be temperamental.Ed is most likely to score high on the Big Five dimension of _____.

A)extroversion
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)openness
E)conscientiousness

Question 48

___________ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

Question 49

How people perceive the cause of life events-whether they place the primary responsibility within themselves or on outside forces-is called ___________.

Question 50

When there is a challenge, Luis is up for it.Deadlines and complex tasks that would send others running are enjoyable to Luis, who believes that he is in control of his work performance and, if he applies himself, will be able to succeed.Luis is most likely high in the trait of _____.

A)Machiavellianism
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)internal locus of control
E)authoritarianism

Question 51

The first step toward better time management is to ________.

A)decide the first action
B)empty your head
C)delegate as necessary
D)defer some things to be done later
E)get organized

Question 52

The ___________ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.

Question 53

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization is called ___________.

Question 54

Type A behavior is characterized by all of these, EXCEPT ________.

A)impatience
B)devotion to work
C)aggressiveness
D)relaxed lifestyle
E)extreme competitiveness

Question 55

___________ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual.

Question 56

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization.Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy and a powerful force for leadership within the organization.Based on this description, Chandra has which of the following types of personality?

A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)Type X
E)Type Y

Question 57

Errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process are called __________.

Question 58

Randy is concerned about current, real-life human problems, is pragmatic and conscientious, and focuses on structuring organizations for the benefit of people.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator™ would most likely classify Randy's personal style as -------.

A)sensation-thinking
B)intuitive-thinking
C)intuitive-feeling
D)sensation-feeling
E)a combination of sensation thinking and feeling

Question 59

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the ___________.

Question 60

___________ are judgments about what caused a person's behavior-something about the person or something about the situation.

Question 61

List two innovative to managing stress that managers and corporations can implement.

Question 62

Define emotional contagion.

Question 63

Name the three basic principles for managing commitments effectively.

Question 64

Define self-management.

Question 65

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ___________.

Question 66

___________ refers to a tendency to direct one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for personal gain.

Question 67

___________ is the ability to engage in self-regulating thoughts and behavior to accomplish all your tasks and handle difficult or challenging situations.

Question 68

Define self-efficacy and self-confidence.

Question 69

Describe Type B behavior.

Question 70

Describe Type A behavior.

Question 71

___________ refers to people who go to work but are too stressed and distracted to be productive.

Question 72

The physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an individual is called ___________.

Question 73

List at least three innovative individual approaches to managing stress.

Question 74

___________ are stressors associated with relationships in the organization.

Question 75

___________ are stressors arising from the duties required of a person holding a particular job.

Question 76

Managers often experience __________ because the demands of their superiors conflict with those of the employees in their departments.

Question 77

___________ is a behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work.

Question 78

When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger positive emotions in employees, the phenomenon of ___________ has occurred.

Question 79

___________ means being conscious of the internal aspects of one's nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people.

Question 80

Discuss social awareness as the term is used with respect to emotional intelligence.