Deck 10: Genomics

Question 1

Sequencing of the portion of the human genome that carries genes was completed in

A) 1995
B) 1997
C) 1999
D) 2001
E) 2003

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Two linked genes are separated by 25 cM.We would expect to see crossing over between these genes occur _____ of the time.

A) 2.5%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%
E) 25%

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project is FALSE?

A) The HGP creates maps of the genomes of humans and other organisms.
B) The HGP aimed to find out how couples could selectively have male babies.
C) One of the aims of the HGP was to compile a list of expressed genes and nonexpressed genes.
D) One of the aims of the HGP was to identify all the proteins encoded by genes and their functions.
E) The HGP aimed to determine the location of all genes on a map of the human genome.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The closer two genes are to each other the more likely they are to be inherited.
B) Genes close together on the same chromosome are said to be linked.
C) It is more difficult to map genes to individual autosomes than to the sex chromosomes.
D) Humans have many genes that are not present in other organisms.
E) The field of genomics compares genes and their proteins from different species.

Question 5

The gene that determines ABO blood type and the gene for nail-patella syndrome are on the same chromosome.Previous results indicate that the B allele for ABO blood type and the autosomal dominant nail-patella syndrome are linked.In one particular family,2 members out of 10 inherited nail-patella syndrome but did not inherit the B allele.They were the only family members that inherited only one of the two alleles.What is the distance between the gene for nail-patella syndrome and the gene for ABO blood group as determined for this family?

A) 5 cM
B) 10 cM
C) 15 cM
D) 20 cM
E) 25 cM

Question 6

All of the following provide clues to the locations of genes in a DNA sequence EXCEPT

A) promoter sequences.
B) stop codons.
C) analysis of the nucleotide triplets and the corresponding amino acids.
D) repetitive sequences.
E) open reading frames.

Question 7

Genes show linkage when they

A) are inherited together.
B) are found on different chromosomes.
C) they code for the same protein.
D) have been cloned.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about bioinformatics is FALSE?

A) Bioinformatics involves the storage of DNA sequence information in web-based databases.
B) New software was created to help collect, sort, and analyze DNA data.
C) Research tools were created to access genome sequences.
D) Bioinformatics attempts to identify the possible functions of genes via analysis.
E) Bioinformatics analyzes repetitive sequences to identify the location of genes.

Question 9

All of the following describe new information learned about the human genome EXCEPT

A) the human genome has many regions of noncoding DNA.
B) only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins.
C) the human genome has many regions of repetitive sequences.
D) transposons make up the majority of the repetitive sequences.
E) All of these describe new information about the human genome.

Question 10

All of the following are types of repeats found in the human genome EXCEPT

A) Alu sequences.
B) LINE 1 sequences.
C) transposons
D) STRs.
E) All of these are repetitive sequences in the genome.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about a complete chromosome map as generated from the Human Genome Project?

A) A map shows the position of genes on a particular chromosome.
B) A map shows the order of and distance between genes on a particular chromosome.
C) A map shows where all the genes are located on each chromosome.
D) A map is constructed after DNA is sequenced and analyzed.
E) All of these describe a complete chromosome map.

Question 12

The field of proteomics involves ____.

A) the large-scale study noncoding DNA.
B) the large-scale study of the structure and function of proteins.
C) the analysis of transposons.
D) the visualization of large amounts of DNA under the microscope.
E) identifying the location of genes on chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding crossing over is FALSE?

A) Crossing over takes place during meiosis.
B) Crossing over occurs a few times on any one pair of chromosomes.
C) Crossing over occurs at a few specific sites on the chromosomes.
D) Information from crossing over events can be used to develop linkage maps.
E) The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the less likely there will be crossing over between them.

Question 14

All of an organism's genetic information is contained in its

A) DNA profile.
B) genome.
C) mtDNA.
D) proteins.
E) exome.

Question 15

This is a method of gene mapping using markers that show differences in restriction enzyme cutting sites or differences in the number of repeated DNA sequences.

A) positional cloning
B) linkage mapping
C) recombinant DNA mapping
D) genetic mapping
E) crossing over mapping

Question 16

This is a collection of DNA fragments that contains all the sequences in a genome.

A) linkage library
B) exome library
C) repetitive DNA library
D) positional library
E) genomic library

Question 17

The human genome contains about ____ billion nucleotides.

A)1.2
B)2.4
C) 3.2
D) 4.2
E) 6.4

Question 18

The frequency of crossing over between two genes is dependent on the

A) size of each gene.
B) distance between the genes.
C) number of mutations in each gene causing disease.
D) genetic information coded in the genes.
E) number of alleles of each gene.

Question 19

The distance between two genes on a linkage map represents

A) the frequency of crossing over that occurs between the genes.
B) the percentage of the DNA sequence between the two genes that has been published.
C) the percentage of descendants that do not show both traits.
D) the exact distance between the genes.
E) the amount of recombinant DNA molecules produced in the laboratory using the two genes.

Question 20

If two genes show a low,but measurable,frequency of crossing over,this means that

A) the genes are far apart.
B) the two genes are close together.
C) the genes are present on different chromosomes..
D) the genes have mutated.
E) there has been a mistake made by the researchers.

Question 21

It is easier to map genes on the autosomes than on the sex chromosomes.

Question 22

The more family pedigrees studied,the more accurate the estimate of the distance between two linked genes.

Question 23

How can there be so many more proteins produced by our cells compared to the number of genes that we have?

A) RNA processing in the nucleus creates different messenger RNAs from the same original transcript.
B) Each protein is encoded by several genes.
C) Alternative splicing occurs in a small number of genes.
D) All of the mRNAs produced from a single pre-RNA will contain the same exons.
E) All of these are correct answers.

Question 24

With linkage maps,

A) distances between genes are determined by sequencing the number of nucleotides between genes.
B) the greater the number of cM between genes, the less likely crossing over will occur between them.
C) map units are equal to twice the frequency of crossing over.
D) genes which are closer together show less crossing over between them than those that are farther apart.
E) only the relative order of genes is important; the distances are not.

Question 25

In 1990,a young girl was treated for severe combined immunodeficiency disorder.Her treatment involved

A) genetic modification of red blood cells removed from her body.
B) insertion of the adenosine deaminase gene into her white blood cells while they were present in her body.
C) injection of adenosine deaminase protein.
D) insertion of the RPE65 allele into her cells.
E) insertion of the adenosine deaminase gene into white blood cells removed from her body.

Question 26

Gene therapy typically involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) genetically modified viruses.
B) the transfer of functional genes into cells.
C) growth of modified cells in the lab.
D) transfer of cells back into the body after the gene transfer.
E) isolation and injection of normal proteins into patients.

Question 27

The human genome contains

A) 15,000-20,000 genes.
B) 20,000-25,000 genes.
C) 100,000-200,000 genes.
D) over 500,000 genes.
E) 50,000-100,000 genes

Question 28

In a genetic study,researchers find that two genes show the expected linkage in 170 subjects,while 30 subjects show traits that indicate crossing over has occurred.What is the distance between these genes?

A) 5 cM
B) 10 cM
C) 15 cM
D) 20 cM
E) 25 cM

Question 29

The number of proteins produced by human cells is much greater than the number of genes present in the human genome.

Question 30

In order for two genes to be linked,they must be located on the same chromosome.

Question 31

Gene therapy is currently used to treat many genetic disorders.

Question 32

Positional cloning

A) uses random cloning to isolate genes.
B) starts by sequencing the entire chromosome containing the gene of interest.
C) makes use of particular markers on the DNA.
D) makes use of the location of Alu sequences.
E) All of these are correct answers

Question 33

Two genes that are genetically linked to each other can be separated by crossing over.

Question 34

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Crossing over

Question 35

The markers used in positional cloning are always genes.

Question 36

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
DNA markers

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
LINE 1 sequences

Question 38

The exome accounts for only about 2.5% of the genome.

Question 39

The functions of almost all of the human genes are currently known.

Question 40

One of the goals of the HGP is to identify all the proteins encoded by human genes.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Genomic library

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Centimorgans

Question 43

What are some of the legal and ethical questions associated with genomics?

Question 44

Describe how an Alu sequence insertion may have played a role in human evolution.

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Positional cloning

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Alu sequences

Question 47

What is gene therapy? Describe how gene therapy can be used to correct genetic disorders.

Question 48

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Promoters

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Linkage

Question 50

How have SNPs identified by the Human Genome Project been used to locate genes involved in complex genetic diseases?

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term with the description.
a.Technique used to determine the location of a gene
b.Particular genes are often inherited jointly
c.Provides clues to the location of genes
d.A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
e.DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
f.Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
g.Map units of linkage maps
h.Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
i.Genetic exchange between chromosomes
j.Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Transposon

Question 52

Human cells can produce many more proteins that the number of genes present in the genome.Describe two mechanisms that help to explain this difference.