Deck 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Question 1

Psychotherapy researchers in various countries have developed psychosocial interventions that effectively help children and youth living with

A)autism.
B)depression and anxiety.
C)ADHD and disr.
D)all of the above.

Answer 1

all of the above.

Question 2

Research reviews in the 1950s and 1960s by Levitt concluded that there was ____________ evidence for the efficacy of child psychotherapy.

A)no
B)only some
C)a moderate amount of
D)overwhelming

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Huey and Polo's (2008)meta-analysis of the efficacy of evidence-based treatments with ethnic minority youth found

A)evidence that a number of treatments are probably efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.
B)evidence that the majority of treatments examined were definitely efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.
C)that treatments were equally effective for both minority and non-minority youth.
D)that treatments were not effective for either non-minority or minority youth.

Answer 3

evidence that a number of treatments are probably efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.

Question 4

A study by McLeod and Weisz (2004)found that published studies reported ________ effect sizes compared to unpublished dissertations.

A)smaller
B)similar
C)larger
D)more variable

Question 5

Consent procedures for youth vary according to

A)the chronological age of the youth.
B)the jurisdiction and context in which services are offered.
C)the nature of the presenting problem.
D)the experience of the psychologist.

Question 6

The statistical procedure that accounts for error inherent when sampling data from a population by assigning less weight in a meta-analysis to studies with greater error variance and more heavily weighting those with less error variance is known as the

A)standard deviation.
B)regression to the mean.
C)weighted least squares method.
D)unweighted strategy.

Question 7

McLeod and Weisz (2004)found that unpublished dissertations studying child psychotherapy,compared with published studies,

A)were more methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
B)were more methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.
C)were less methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
D)were less methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.

Question 8

A meta-analysis of 32 studies comparing evidence-based treatments to usual clinical care found that

A)evidence-based treatments consistently outperformed usual clinical care.
B)usual clinical care consistently outperformed evidence-based treatments.
C)there were no significant differences between these treatment modalities.
D)evidence-based treatments outperformed usually clinical care only for autism treatment.

Question 9

Data from larger samples have _______ error variance,and are therefore _______ population values.

A)less; closer to
B)less; further from
C)more; closer to
D)more; further from

Question 10

Evidence-based treatments for disorders in children and youth include treatments for

A)insufficiency of oxygen in the blood.
B)gluten and casein intolerance.
C)substance abuse.
D)high bacteria levels in the stomach .

Question 11

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is based on

A)a pattern of serious violation of the rights of others that is evident before age 8.
B)a pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour usually evident before age 3.
C)a pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour usually evident before age 8.
D)a pattern of aggression,destructiveness,deceitfulness,and serious violation of rules.

Question 12

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the progression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)and Conduct Disorder (CD)?

A)ODD often precedes CD.
B)CD often precedes ODD.
C)ODD and CD generally are not typically related.
D)ODD rarely progresses to CD.

Question 13

The current movement to develop interdisciplinary,evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of diverse childhood disorders is designed to

A)inform policy-makers of mental health practices.
B)guide consumers (children and their families)of treatment options.
C)help mental health professionals deliver services that are based on current research findings.
D)all of the above.

Question 14

One of the methodological considerations of meta-analyses of psychological treatments for children and adolescents has centred on whether to include

A)behavioural and nonbehavioural variables.
B)both published and unpublished studies.
C)studies done on children under the age of 5.
D)children with conduct disorder.

Question 15

Data from an American study of 1,420 adolescents indicate that only ________ adolescents requiring services for psychopathology received them.

A)one in ten
B)one-third of
C)half of
D)seven in ten

Question 16

The meta-analysis conducted by Kazdin and colleagues in 1990 found that treatment studies often used ________ samples and that they were treated in a(n)_________ format.

A)referred; individual
B)referred; group
C)volunteer; individual
D)volunteer; group

Question 17

Hawley and Weisz (2005)found that the youth-therapist alliance was related to _______,whereas the parent-therapist alliance was related to ________________.

A)participation in therapy; symptom improvement.
B)symptom improvement; participation in therapy.
C)satisfaction with services; symptom improvement.
D)participation in therapy; satisfaction with services.

Question 18

What is the most common reason for which adults refer children and youth for mental health services?

A)Internalizing problems.
B)Disruptive behaviour.
C)Depression.
D)Anxiety.

Question 19

Kazdin and colleagues (1990)drew attention to the fact that clinical practice usually involves________ samples treated in a(n)_________ format.

A)referred; individual
B)referred; group
C)volunteer; individual
D)volunteer; group

Question 20

Weisz et al.(1995)conducted the fourth major meta-analysis of the effects of child therapy and introduced a statistical technique known as the

A)effect size.
B)standard deviation method.
C)weighted least squares method.
D)deviation from the norm.

Question 21

Tracking mood on a regular basis,usually using a chart is

A)psychoeducation
B)meta-analyses
C)mood monitoring
D)self-analysis

Question 22

A theory of psychosocial functioning that examines a young person's functioning within the multiple contexts in which he or she lives is known as

A)an ecological theory.
B)a social-emotional framework.
C)interpersonal psychotherapy.
D)a multiple stakeholders approach.

Question 23

Over time,parents should strive to use ________ with their children to reinforce desired behaviours.

A)material reinforcers
B)social reinforcers
C)bribery
D)time out

Question 24

The NICE guidelines recommend,for treating children and youth with depression,

A)antidepressants as a first line treatment.
B)antidepressants as a second option to be used only when CBT does not work.
C)that antidepressants should never be used without an accompanying psychological treatment.
D)that it is up to the discretion of the prescribing physician whether or not to use antidepressants.

Question 25

Research has demonstrated that although depression is _________ common in adolescence as in adulthood; research in adolescent depression has been _______ extensive than the research for depression in adults.

A)less common; less
B)almost as; less
C)almost as; more
D)less common; more

Question 26

Multisystemic Therapy (MST)is an approach to treat delinquent adolescents by

A)combining CBT and family therapy.
B)challenging youth about the long term effects of their behaviour.
C)intervening in an integrated way in the multiple systems in which youth are involved.
D)demanding as much effort from youth as from parents.

Question 27

Evidence-based parenting programs are based on the assumption that oppositional child behaviour can be changed by modifying the child's social environment

A)through family therapy.
B)by role-playing with the child to teach him/her more appropriate conflict resolution skills.
C)by having the child challenge the underlying schemas that influence his/her behaviour.
D)by working with parents rather than by working directly with the child.

Question 28

Multisystemic Therapy (MST)involves

A)emphasizing the positive and using systemic strengths as levers for change.
B)developmentally appropriate interventions.
C)targeting sequences of behaviour within and between multiple systems that maintain the identified problem.
D)all of the above

Question 29

When a child does not have access to reinforcers for a brief time following misbehaviour,this period is referred to as

A)time penalty.
B)quiet time.
C)time out.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 30

Research has consistently demonstrated that ______ families engage in fewer positive interactions than _____ families.

A)large; small
B)distressed; nondistressed
C)rural; urban
D)busy; less busy

Question 31

When a parent unintentionally rewards the child for inappropriate behaviour and the child rewards the parent for giving in to inappropriate behaviour,this is referred to as a(n)

A)inappropriate exchange.
B)accidental reinforcement.
C)negative exchange.
D)coercive exchange.

Question 32

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated is known as

A)bribery.
B)differential reinforcement.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)non-compliance prevention.

Question 33

Patterson (2005)found that adolescent-parent contempt is associated with ____________,which in turn is associated with ___________.

A)delinquency; inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring.
B)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; delinquency
C)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; school attendance.
D)delinquency; school attendance.

Question 34

There is evidence that if untreated,the problems associated with disruptive behaviour disorders in childhood

A)generally dissipate before adolescence.
B)persist into adolescence but generally fade by adulthood.
C)naturally fade in adolescence.
D)persist into adulthood.

Question 35

Coercive exchanges between parents and their children are characterized by parents

A)rewarding children for positive behaviour and children rewarding parents by engaging in positive behaviour.
B)using authoritarian methods (e.g.,shouting or spanking).
C)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children rewarding parents by ceasing the aversive behaviour.
D)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children punishing parents by continuing the aversive behaviour.

Question 36

Parenting strategies are designed to be used by parents

A)until undesirable child behaviours desist.
B)to help children develop.
C)intermittently,or on an "as needed" basis.
D)as a "quick fix" for child behaviour problems.

Question 37

Multisystemic therapists work ________ and treatment typically lasts for ____________.

A)individually; 6-8 sessions
B)individually; 3-5 months
C)in small teams; 6 -8 sessions
D)in small teams; 3-5 months

Question 38

Evidence-based parenting programs involve reducing the child's oppositional behaviour by

A)modifying the child's social environment.
B)working directly with the child.
C)modifying parental expectation.
D)promoting parents' attachment behaviours.

Question 39

Core parenting skill(s)identified by Patterson and his colleagues (2005)include

A)discipline.
B)skill encouragement.
C)problem-solving.
D)all of the above.

Question 40

Patterson (2005)found that that parent-child warmth is associated with

A)parental punishment.
B)parental monitoring.
C)parental negative reinforcement.
D)child monitoring.

Question 41

Define psychoeducation.

Question 42

Lee,Horvath,and Hunsley (2013)found that evidence-based treatments for children and youth

A)can be effective when used in routine practice settings.
B)are slightly less effective in routine practice settings than in research settings.
C)are much less effective in routine practice settings.
D)cannot be transported to routine practice settings.

Question 43

What is a coercive exchange?

Question 44

A modular approach in which practice elements are combined to meet the needs of diverse youth holds considerable promise.A modular approach requires

A)the creation of new manuals based on meta-analyses and clinical studies
B)a graduate education in evidence-based treatment.
C)continuing education in evidence-based treatment.
D)extensive training and support of the mental health workforce.

Question 45

Weisz et al (2013)conducted a meta-analysis of 52 randomized trials that compared an evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents to usual care.On average,youth receiving evidence-based psychotherapy had

A)a lower outcome than either youth or adults receiving usual care.
B)a similar outcome to youth receiving usual care.
C)a lower outcome than 60% of youth receiving usual care.
D)a better outcome than 60% of youth receiving usual care.

Question 46

To roll out evidence-based services on a large scale requires coordination across researchers,policy-makers,and practitioners.It requires?

Question 47

In the context of parenting,what is positive reinforcement,and why is it important? Provide three examples of positive reinforcers.

Question 48

Briefly describe Evidence-based Parenting Programs and Multisystemic Therapy (MST)programs.List one thing these programs have in common,and one way in which they are different.

Question 49

What are the NICE guidelines for treatment of depression in youth?