Deck 10: Learners Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Question 1

The term "hard of hearing" is used to describe people with hearing impairment who

A)were not born deaf but became deaf later in life.
B)have a mild hearing loss.
C)have a conductive hearing loss.
D)have enough residual hearing to process sound with a hearing aid.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Simon has a hearing loss that occurred when he was seven years old.His loss is best described as

A)conductive.
B)sensorineural.
C)congenital.
D)postlingual.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What percent of students who are deaf in the United States come from Hispanic speaking homes?

A)23%
B)13%
C)52%
D)75%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following are bones in the middle ear EXCEPT the

A)cochlea.
B)stapes.
C)malleus.
D)incus.

Question 5

Elise has a hearing loss that occurred during childhood.Her loss is best described as

A)congenital.
B)sensorineural.
C)adventitious.
D)postlingual.

Question 6

Of Canadian children with an exceptionality,hearing difficulties affect approximately

A)3%
B)7%
C)13%
D)21%

Question 7

Jackson has a hearing loss that ocurred when he was six months old before he could develop speech.His loss is best described as

A)prelingual.
B)postlingual.
C)conductive.
D)sensorineural.

Question 8

Of all individuals who are deaf,approximately what percentage have hearing parents?

A)25%
B)55%
C)75%
D)95%

Question 9

The earlier the hearing impairment occurs in a child's life

A)the more difficulty the child will have developing spoken language.
B)the greater the opportunity for early intervention.
C)the less negative the long-term impact will be on achievement.
D)the greater the chance the hearing loss will improve.

Question 10

From the physiological perspective,the distinction between "deaf" and "hard-of-hearing" is based on

A)decibels levels detected.
B)frequency of sounds detected.
C)location of hearing loss.
D)language ability.

Question 11

From an educational point of view,how is deafness best defined?

A)a condition present since birth
B)an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid
C)a hearing loss of more than 90 dB in at least one ear
D)the inability to hear anything

Question 12

What is the role of the vestibular mechanism?

A)It transmits sound vibrations to the cochlea.
B)It converts sound vibrations to an electric signal.
C)It controls the sense of balance.
D)It funnels sound waves to the tympanic membrane.

Question 13

Many of the problems that people with hearing impairments have in school are due primarily to deficiencies in

A)English language.
B)social skills.
C)reading and writing.
D)perceptual skills

Question 14

People who say that deafness should not be considered an exceptionality argue that

A)there is a difference between prelingual and postlingual deafness.
B)they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own.
C)there are advantages to being deaf,so it is not an exceptionality.
D)although deafness is a handicap,it is not an exceptionality.

Question 15

The ossicles function to create

A)increased sense of balance.
B)electrical impulse being sent to the brain.
C)transfer of energy from the middle to the inner ear.
D)movement of the stapes.

Question 16

The least important part of the ear in terms of hearing is the

A)cochlea.
B)ossicles.
C)vestibular nerves.
D)auricle.

Question 17

All of the following contribute to varying estimates of the number of children with a hearing impairment EXCEPT

A)unwillingness of schools to have children tested.
B)the sample of the population chosen for study.
C)differences in definition of the exceptionality.
D)accuracy of testing procedures.

Question 18

Which one of the following best describes American Sign Language?

A)loosely structured group of gestures
B)system for communicating concrete ideas
C)language with its own grammatical rules
D)manual translation of English sentences

Question 19

A 30 dB hearing loss is generally considered

A)mild.
B)moderate.
C)severe.
D)profound.

Question 20

Individuals who are congenitally deaf

A)were born deaf.
B)became deaf after learning to speak.
C)became deaf due to a childhood disease.
D)have been exposed to continual loud noise.

Question 21

Stimulation of the cochlear nerve results in

A)increased sense of balance.
B)electrical impulse being sent to the brain.
C)transfer of energy from the middle to inner ear.
D)movement of the stapes.

Question 22

Pure-tone audiometry establishes

A)detection and understanding of speech.
B)threshold for hearing at various frequencies.
C)kinds of hearing tests to be used.
D)presence of the Moro reflex.

Question 23

Causes of inner ear disorders are most often

A)found in the environment.
B)hereditary.
C)attributed to maternal drug use.
D)familial.

Question 24

The most important organ for hearing is the

A)cerumen.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)vestibular mechanism.
D)cochlea.

Question 25

Most speech sounds range between

A)20 and 55 dB.
B)0 and 20 dB.
C)55 and 100 dB.
D)100 and 200 dB.

Question 26

Which type of audiometry uses an electroencephalograph?

A)evoked-response
B)play
C)pure-tone
D)speech

Question 27

Which statement about school screening tests is true?

A)They are always administered in a group.
B)They are not as accurate as tests administered in an audiologists office.
C)They are always administered individually.
D)They are used to make identification and placement decisions.

Question 28

Screening tests that are being implemented in Canada include the use of computer technology to measure

A)decibel levels.
B)otoacoustic emissions.
C)auricle functioning.
D)nerve transmission.

Question 29

The most frequent viral infection in newborns is

A)otitis media.
B)maternal rubella.
C)congenital herpes.
D)congenital cytomegalovirus.

Question 30

The most serious hearing impairments are associated with which part of the ear?

A)middle ear
B)eardrum
C)inner ear
D)outer ear

Question 31

A conductive hearing impairment refers to an interference with the transfer of sound

A)from one ear to the other.
B)along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear.
C)from the cochlea to the brain.
D)by way of electrical impulses.

Question 32

When testing the hearing of a two year-old child,an audiologist should avoid use of which type of audiometry?

A)evoked response
B)speech
C)reflex
D)play

Question 33

When stimulated by auditory stimuli,otoacoustic emissions are emitted by the

A)vestibular mechanism.
B)malleus.
C)cochlea.
D)tympanic membrane.

Question 34

Otitis media is a/an

A)allergic reaction.
B)middle ear infection.
C)bone disease.
D)genetic condition.

Question 35

The speech reception threshold is best defined as the

A)dB level at which one can understand speech.
B)intensity and frequency of spoken English.
C)Hz level at which the average person can detect sound.
D)level at which the human ear can discriminate between similar sounds.

Question 36

Most speech sounds have energy in the range of

A)50-500 Hz.
B)100-900 Hz.
C)250-1,000 Hz.
D)500-2,000 Hz.

Question 37

For assessing the hearing of young children,audiologists may use a test that is constructed in a game-like format and is referred to as

A)game tympanometry.
B)play audiometry.
C)child audiometry.
D)pure-tone audiometry.

Question 38

The lowest level at which people with normal hearing can hear is

A)0 hertz.
B)pure-tone audiometry.
C)otoacoustic zero.
D)audiometric zero.

Question 39

Which one of the following interferes with the functioning of the outer ear?

A)mumps
B)swimmer's ear
C)allergies
D)perforation of the eardrum

Question 40

Sensorineural impairments are caused by problems in the

A)oval window.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.
D)conductive pathway.

Question 41

When performance tests,rather than verbal tests,are used

A)the IQ scores of both those who are hearing and those who are deaf are lower.
B)the IQ scores of those who are deaf are lower than those who are hearing.
C)the IQ scores of those who are deaf are higher than those who are hearing.
D)the IQ scores of those who are deaf are similar to those who are hearing.

Question 42

When assessing the intellectual abilities of students with deafness,it is best to use which type of test?

A)performance
B)verbal
C)norm-referenced
D)criterion-referenced

Question 43

Neuroimaging techniques have shown that when people who are deaf use sign language,it activates primarily

A)the frontal cortex.
B)the left side of the brain.
C)the right side of the brain.
D)the corpus collosum.

Question 44

A particularly radical point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that

A)children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing.
B)parents should not permit children who are deaf to learn English.
C)all students who are deaf should attend residential schools until the age of 16.
D)all citizens should be required to learn American Sign Language.

Question 45

Joanne is a nine year-old girl with a hearing loss.She can hear loud voices if they are within a foot of her ear and can hear environmental sounds,though she usually can't identify them.What degree of hearing loss does Joanne appear to have?

A)mild
B)marked
C)severe
D)extreme

Question 46

In Canada,people who are deaf communicate using

A)Canadian Sign Language.
B)American Sign Language.
C)French Sign Language.
D)English Sign Language.

Question 47

Among students who are deaf,those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

A)hearing parents who teach them how to speak.
B)parents who are deaf who teach them ASL.
C)brothers and sisters who are hearing.
D)parents who communicate with them using both ASL and speech.

Question 48

For children who have a hearing impairment,speech intelligibility is linked to the degree of the impairment and the

A)age of onset of the hearing impairment.
B)development of facial muscles.
C)complexity of the language spoken by the hearing community.
D)cognitive abilities of the child.

Question 49

Each of the following factors in the home environment are associated with higher academic achievement in students who are deaf EXCEPT

A)families participate with their children only in the hearing community.
B)families are involved in education.
C)families seek knowledge about their child's condition to provide guidance.
D)families have high expectations for achievement.

Question 50

All of the following factors identify the Deaf community as a true culture EXCEPT

A)voluntary organizational networks such as National Theater of the Deaf.
B)long oral history documenting people and events significant to deafness.
C)inclusion of only those who have severe hearing loss.
D)well-established behavioural guidelines with regard to such things as eye contact and physical touching.

Question 51

It is not unusual for students with deafness to read at what grade level when they graduate from high school?

A)first
B)fourth
C)eighth
D)twelfth

Question 52

The increase in inclusive education for students who are deaf may have served to

A)bring the Deaf culture into the classroom.
B)broaden the Deaf culture.
C)erode the Deaf culture.
D)alter the Deaf culture.

Question 53

Compared to students without hearing impairments,most students with hearing impairments

A)perform similarly in terms of academic achievement.
B)perform significantly more poorly in academic achievement.
C)do much better in mathematics.
D)achieve at higher levels.

Question 54

Each of the following is true about sign language EXCEPT

A)It is a primitive,visual representation of oral language similar to mime.
B)It has grammatical structure at the sentence level and the word level.
C)There is no universal sign language.
D)Twins who are born deaf develop a signing-system,but it is rudimentary and less sophisticated than ASL

Question 55

A person with a mild hearing loss

A)will hear female voices better than male voices.
B)can hear a dog whistle.
C)may miss as much as 50% of class discussions.
D)can hear loud voices only if they are about one foot from their ear.

Question 56

Whether a person thinks of himself or herself as deaf is referred to as

A)behavioural deafness.
B)vestibular deafness.
C)attitudinal deafness.
D)associative deafness.

Question 57

Causes of acquired hearing losses of the inner ear include all of the following EXCEPT

A)congenital cytomegalovirus.
B)otitis media.
C)meningitis.
D)maternal rubella.

Question 58

Many people with hearing impairments are drawn to the Deaf culture because

A)their parents already belong to the culture.
B)of the need for social interaction.
C)of resulting increases in academic achievement.
D)of the availability of government subsidies.

Question 59

Which academic area is most affected by deafness?

A)spelling
B)writing
C)reading
D)math

Question 60

Students who are deaf often experience loneliness for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)in mainstream settings,there is typically little interaction between students who are deaf and those who are not deaf.
B)the vast majority of students who are deaf have hearing parents.
C)mainstreamed students who are deaf rarely have the opportunity to socialize with other students who are deaf.
D)students who are deaf tend to have difficulty making friends,even among other students who are deaf.

Question 61

Children with deafness who have parents who are also deaf

A)develop language more slowly than do infants with deafness who have hearing parents.
B)tend to be overly dependent on their parents when they reach school age.
C)develop ASL at a rate similar to the rate at which hearing infants develop English.
D)have difficulty relating to hearing children when placed in mainstream preschool settings.

Question 62

Speechreading is difficult for all the following reasons EXCEPT

A)the presence of homophones.
B)there are too many words.
C)some people speak too rapidly.
D)speakers produce many sounds with little mouth movement.

Question 63

Many authorities believe that early intervention is most important for

A)deaf parents with a deaf child.
B)hearing parents with a deaf child.
C)deaf parents with a hearing child.
D)hearing parents with limited sign language.

Question 64

Until the mid-1960s the only institution specifically for postsecondary education of students with hearing impairments was

A)Rochester.
B)Gallaudet.
C)Stanford.
D)Georgetown.

Question 65

Many in the Deaf community believe that residential schools for children who are deaf are necessary to

A)perpetuate the Deaf culture and use of ASL.
B)ensure that students learn age-appropriate social skills.
C)provide the intensity of instruction needed to acquire life skills.
D)overcome the negative effects of many home situations.

Question 66

The auditory verbal approach encourages children with hearing impairment to

A)depend on their peers for sound cues.
B)use their residual hearing.
C)learn sign language as quickly as possible.
D)focus on visual cues.

Question 67

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information to understand what is being said to them is

A)speechreading.
B)lipreading.
C)face reading.
D)gestural reading.

Question 68

Currently,approximately what percent of students with hearing impairments attend their local schools?

A)85%
B)8%
C)10%
D)50%

Question 69

According to advocates of American Sign Language (ASL),a major advantage of ASL over Signing English systems is that

A)interpreters can easily sign in ASL while speaking in English.
B)most public schools are already using ASL in special education programs.
C)ASL provides a stronger knowledge base for developing literacy in English.
D)users of ASL score higher on tests of intelligence than users of Signing English systems.

Question 70

At present,about how many postsecondary institutions in the United States and Canada provide special programs for students with hearing impairments?

A)less than 10
B)50
C)75
D)over 100

Question 71

Research has shown that most students with hearing impairments who are educated in inclusive classes

A)experience poor academic outcomes.
B)have varying academic and social outcomes.
C)benefit from social interaction with hearing peers.
D)are generally those with mild impairments.

Question 72

FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to

A)amplify sound.
B)increase reverberation.
C)provide individualized instruction.
D)broadcast the schedule of daily events.

Question 73

The rationale behind a bicultural-bilingual approach is

A)teaching the history of the deaf culture.
B)providing a foundation in spoken English to serve as a basis for American Sign Language.
C)providing a foundation in ASL to serve as a basis for learning English.
D)encouraging hearing people to learn ASL as a second language.

Question 74

In recent years,many parents and professionals have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because

A)it creates too much work for the regular teacher.
B)they do not get along with the other students.
C)it reduces their opportunity to participate in the signing community.
D)they do not have the cognitive or academic skills to succeed in the mainstream.

Question 75

Frank,who is deaf,is the six month-old son of hearing parents.To interact effectively with Frank,his parents should

A)emphasize lip movements.
B)encourage verbal babbling.
C)attend to eye gaze.
D)avoid use of speech.

Question 76

The Internet provides all of the following EXCEPT

A)access to electronic mail.
B)access to information sources.
C)opportunities to practice oral language skills.
D)opportunities to practice reading and writing skills.

Question 77

The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on

A)social skills.
B)language development.
C)play.
D)concept acquisition.

Question 78

Each of the following statements about Signing English systems is true EXCEPT

A)they are the type of manualism most often used in total communication.
B)they follow the same word order as spoken English.
C)they include fingerspelling.
D)they are more fluent than ASL.

Question 79

More than most other exceptionality categories,students with hearing impairments are served in

A)hospitals.
B)residential settings.
C)general education classrooms.
D)home school settings.

Question 80

Cochlear implants are recommended for those

A)with moderate conductive hearing impairment.
B)with severe to profound sensorineural bilateral loss.
C)younger than 6 months old.
D)with severe mixed hearing impairment.