Deck 19: Gene Mutation and DNA Repair

Question 1

A temporary change in the structure of a nitrogenous base is called ________.

A) depurination
B) a tautomeric shift
C) deamination
D) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Anticipation is associated with which of the following?

A) nonsense mutations
B) up-promoter mutations
C) intergenic suppressors
D) TRNE mutations

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The complete loss of either a guanine or adenine from DNA is an example of ________.

A) depurination
B) tautomeric shifts
C) deamination
D) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The conversion of cytosine to uracil in DNA is an example of ________.

A) depurination
B) tautomeric shifts
C) deamination
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Reverse mutations involve changing a wild-type allele to a mutant allele.

Question 6

The wild-type eye color of Drosophila is red.A single-base mutation occurs that produces a white eye color.Which of the following is correct regarding this mutation?

A) It is an example of a mutation that alters protein function.
B) Individuals with white eyes are called reversions.
C) It would be an example of a silent mutation.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

A translocation that moves a gene from an area of euchromatin to heterochromatin would typically cause ________ in the expression of the gene.

A) a reduction
B) an increase
C) no change

Question 8

Mutations that change the configuration of a protein at a specific temperature are called ________ mutations.

A) neutral
B) beneficial
C) deleterious
D) conditional

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of a spontaneous mutation?

A) DNA replication errors
B) tautomeric shifts
C) aberrant recombination
D) UV light
E) transposable elements

Question 10

If a point mutation increases the number of offspring an organism can produce,it would be called a ________ mutation.

A) neutral
B) lethal
C) beneficial
D) conditional
E) deleterious

Question 11

Translocations and inversions may cause which of the following?

A) TRNE
B) anticipation
C) position effect
D) genome mutations

Question 12

Most trinucleotide repeat expansion repeats involve expansion of which of the following?

A) GAA
B) CAG
C) ATG
D) any codon containing three of the same bases

Question 13

The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which of the following theories?

A) random mutation theory
B) physiological adaptation theory
C) both theories
D) neither theory

Question 14

The mutation frequency would be the same for all genes in a given culture.

Question 15

The Lederbergs developed the process of replica plating to test whether advantageous mutations arose in response to the selective agent or were naturally present in the population before selection.

Question 16

After screening a colony of bacteria for a given gene,you discover 100 mutant colonies out of 3 million total colonies.What is the mutation frequency for this gene in the population?

A) 1.0 x 10⁵
B) 1.0 x 10⁻⁵
C) 3.0 x 10⁵
D) 3.3 x 10⁻⁵

Question 17

Which of the following is correct regarding the rate of mutation?

A) Rates of mutation per cell generation typically range from 10−⁵ to 10−⁹.
B) Mutation rates are consistent across species.
C) Mutation rates are not influenced by environmental conditions.
D) Mutation rates are constant.

Question 18

Which of the following are examples of suppressor mutations?

A) an intragenic mutation that restores protein structure
B) an intergenic mutation that increases the activity of a protein performing the same function as the mutated protein
C) an intergenic mutation that activates a transcription factor that dramatically upregulates expression of the mutant protein
D) All of the answers are possible suppressor mutations.

Question 19

In the following sequence of DNA,the italicized base has been mutated.What type of mutation is this?
5' - G A T C T C C G A A T T - 3' original strand
5' - G A T C T C C C A A T T - 3' mutated strand

A) transition
B) transversion
C) neither

Question 20

A heritable change in the genetic material is called a mutation.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a base analog?

A) EMS
B) nitrous acid
C) 5BU
D) nitrogen mustards
E) acridine dyes

Question 22

Which of the following integrate into the double-helix of DNA,interfering with DNA replication?

A) EMS
B) nitrous acid
C) 5BU
D) acridine dyes

Question 23

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)is an example of a deaminating agent.

Question 24

What process repairs damage from UV radiation?

A) homologous recombination repair
B) direct repair
C) base excision repair
D) mismatch repair
E) nucleotide excision repair

Question 25

An individual that is a genetic mosaic would be the result of a germ cell mutation.

Question 26

If an organism has a mutation in a gene that causes it to be sterile,a mutation in a second gene that restores fertility is a suppressor mutation.

Question 27

How does position effect influence gene expression?

A) The movement of the genetic material on the chromosome by inversions or translocations may place a coding sequence near a new regulatory region, thus activating the expression of the gene.
B) The movement of the gene may place it into a region that is highly condensed.
C) The movement of a gene may remove it from its normal promoter, thus silencing the gene.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

The most common genotype in a population is called the mutant genotype.

Question 29

TNRE repeats frequently result in the addition of extra histidine amino acids to the protein.

Question 30

Homologous recombination repair requires the presence of a sister chromatid.

Question 31

Which DNA repair process identifies daughter strands by methylation?

A) homologous recombination repair
B) direct repair
C) base excision repair
D) mismatch repair
E) nucleotide excision repair

Question 32

The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen.

Question 33

Which environmental agent shown can induce mutations?

A) UV radiation
B) x-rays
C) gamma rays
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Breakpoints in chromosome can lead to mutant phenotypes when they occur in the middle of a gene.

Question 35

Somatic cells are those that give rise to sperm and egg cells.

Question 36

In the nucleotide excision repair system,which of the following proteins is responsible for recognizing a thymine dimer to be repaired?

A) UvrA/UvrB
B) UvrC
C) UvrD
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

Which repair process can use an enzyme called photolyase?

A) homologous recombination repair
B) direct repair
C) base excision repair
D) mismatch repair
E) nucleotide excision repair

Question 38

A mutation in a promoter region that causes the promoter sequence to more closely resemble the consensus sequence is called an up promoter mutation and decreases transcription.

Question 39

Silent mutations are possible due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code.

Question 40

Which process is used to replicate DNA that contains distortions due to unrepaired DNA damage?

A) Translesion synthesis
B) Homologous recombination repair
C) Nonhomologous end joining
D) Nucleotide excision repair

Question 41

When guanine is oxidized into 8-oxoguanine,it will base pair with adenine during DNA replication,causing a transversion mutation. 

Question 42

Which of the following are examples of spontaneous mutations?

A) depurination
B) deamination
C) tautomeric shifts
D) nitrogenous base oxidation

Question 43

Mutagens change the structure of DNA,which may lead to mutations.