Deck 9: The Bodys Defence Systems

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a chemical mediator of inflammation?

A)Histamine.
B)Prostaglandin.
C)Kinin.
D)Complement.
E)Phagosome.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)More antibodies are produced in a secondary response than in a primary response.
B)Antibodies are produced faster in a primary response than in a secondary response.
C)Antibodies persist for a longer time following secondary exposure to an antigen.
D)More memory cells are stimulated in a secondary response.
E)Mainly IgG is produced in a secondary response.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Interferons are

A)released from virus-infected cells to protect other cells from infection.
B)released from activated T-lymphocytes in a cell-mediated immune response to infection.
C)not virus specific.
D)produced by a variety of different cell types.
E)all of the above.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

B lymphocytes

A)differentiate into antibody-producing cells.
B)originate in the spleen.
C)are activated by neutrophils in an immune response.
D)mature in the thymus.
E)function in cell-mediated immunity.

Question 5

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

A)Mature T cells.
B)Immature macrophages.
C)Plasma cells.
D)Precursors of B cells.
E)Precursors of mast cells.

Question 6

An antigen is

A)any component of a foreign cell.
B)a foreign substance that activates the immune system.
C)a protein molecule synthesised by plasma cells.
D)a virulence factor of a bacterium that enables it to cause disease.
E)a gammaglobulin.

Question 7

The B cell antigen receptor is

A)a cytokine.
B)an antigen.
C)a complement molecule.
D)CD4+ molecule.
E)an antibody molecule.

Question 8

Antimicrobial peptides are

A)antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses.
B)activated by antigen-antibody complexes.
C)produced by both B and T lymphocytes.
D)found on the skin and mucous membranes.
E)all of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following definitions best describes an antibody?

A)A substance which,when introduced into the body,stimulates phagocytosis.
B)A protein produced by the body in response to tissue injury.
C)A glycoprotein produced by macrophages in response to an antigen.
D)A protein produced by lymphocytes when an antigen is introduced into the body.
E)A polysaccharide that stimulates the immune response.

Question 10

Specific antibodies are highly protective molecules because

A)of their ability to bind to specific antigens.
B)of their ability to enter all cells in the body.
C)one antibody molecule has more than 20 binding sites.
D)one antibody molecule can bind to many different antigens.
E)one antibody molecule is able to kill many bacterial cells.

Question 11

Which of the following cells have a role in activating lymphocytes?

A)Dendritic cells.
B)Macrophages.
C)Antigen-presenting cells.
D)Langerhans cells.
E)All of the above.

Question 12

The mucociliary escalator protects the

A)lungs.
B)small intestine.
C)urinary bladder.
D)eyes.
E)all of the above.

Question 13

The large granular lymphocytes that are capable of destroying tumour cells are called

A)natural killer cells.
B)macrophages.
C)basophils.
D)monocytes.
E)pattern recognition cells.

Question 14

The inflammatory response is characterised by

A)decreased vascular permeability to serum proteins.
B)attraction of erythrocytes to the injured site.
C)vasodilation of local capillaries.
D)a decrease in diapedesis.
E)resorption of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Which of the following enable immune cells to communicate with each other?

A)Antibodies.
B)Complement.
C)Opsonins.
D)Phagolysosomes.
E)Cytokines.

Question 16

Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)proteins are

A)found only on leucocytes.
B)coded for by the major histocompatibility complex.
C)produced by the immune system following organ transplantation.
D)the main targets in autoimmune responses.
E)completely different in all individuals.

Question 17

The main phagocytic cells in the body are

A)monocytes and lymphocytes.
B)macrophages and lymphocytes.
C)neutrophils and basophils.
D)macrophages and neutrophils.
E)macrophages and natural killer (NK)cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a part of the body's innate defences?

A)Lysozyme.
B)Mucopolysaccharide.
C)Sweat.
D)Fatty acid.
E)All of the above.

Question 19

The substance that changes the body temperature set-point to cause fever is

A)gammaglobulin.
B)anaphylatoxin.
C)endogenous pyrogen.
D)leukotriene.
E)interferon.

Question 20

An important innate defence mechanism in the urinary tract is/are

A)antibodies.
B)glomerular filtration.
C)normal urine flow.
D)lymphocytes.
E)all of the above.

Question 21

Tumour cells can evade the immune system by

A)changing their antigens over time.
B)having antigens that are weak immunogens.
C)secreting immunosuppressive substances.
D)replicating very quickly.
E)all of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT an immunodeficiency condition?

A)Suppression of the bone marrow.
B)Complement deficiency.
C)Improper development of the thymus gland.
D)Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
E)Infection with HIV.

Question 23

An autoimmune disease represents a loss of

A)T helper cells.
B)B cells.
C)tolerance to self-antigens.
D)antigen-presenting cells.
E)mechanisms for antibody production.

Question 24

Which class of antibody is indicative of a recent infection?

A)IgG.
B)IgA.
C)IgM.
D)IgD.
E)IgE.

Question 25

A person who has recovered from an attack of mumps is unlikely to catch the disease again.This is an example of

A)artificially acquired passive immunity.
B)naturally acquired active immunity.
C)artificially acquired active immunity.
D)naturally acquired passive immunity.
E)cell-mediated immunity.

Question 26

Toxoids are

A)antibodies against toxins.
B)lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria.
C)proteins that don't stimulate the immune system.
D)inactivated toxins that are immunogenic.
E)the active components of all vaccines.

Question 27

An attenuated vaccine consists of

A)killed microorganisms.
B)live microorganisms.
C)inactivated toxins.
D)parts of microorganisms.
E)any of the above.

Question 28

Complement is activated by

A)an immune antibody.
B)phagocytes.
C)antigen-antibody complexes.
D)natural antibodies.
E)all of the above.

Question 29

The type of T cells that kill virus-infected cells are called

A)cytotoxic T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)suppressor T cells.
D)memory T cells.
E)all of the above.

Question 30

A positive tuberculin skin test usually indicates that the person

A)is not suffering from tuberculosis.
B)is at risk of acquiring tuberculosis.
C)has been exposed to Mycobacterium.
D)has not been vaccinated against tuberculosis.
E)should receive a BCG vaccination.

Question 31

Which of the following is a secondary immunodeficiency?

A)Severe combined immunodeficiency.
B)AIDS.
C)Selective IgA deficiency.
D)DiGeorge syndrome.
E)All of the above.

Question 32

The role of opsonins in the human body is to

A)enhance phagocytosis.
B)cause bacterial cells to burst.
C)neutralise toxins.
D)inactivate viruses.
E)reduce adherence of antigens to phagocytes.

Question 33

An example of an autoimmune disease is

A)hay fever.
B)asthma.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)AIDS.
E)all of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an activity of complement?

A)Histamine release from mast cells.
B)Lysis of foreign cell membranes.
C)Neutrophil chemotaxis.
D)Enhancement of antigen adherence to phagocytic cells.
E)Natural killer cell recruitment.

Question 35

Which class of antibody is the major type found in secretions?

A)IgA.
B)IgE.
C)IgG.
D)IgM.
E)IgD.

Question 36

A nurse suffers a needlestick injury while taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B.If she has not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B,she should immediately receive

A)antibiotics.
B)hepatitis B immune globulin.
C)gammaglobulin.
D)complement.
E)hepatitis B surface antigen.

Question 37

The 'humoral immune response' refers to the

A)activation of B cells and antibody production.
B)destruction of infected cells by phagocytosis.
C)production of interferon by virus-infected cells.
D)action of T cell lymphocytes produced in response to an antigen.
E)action of natural killer cells.

Question 38

A patient who has an insufficient number of T helper cells

A)would have a reduced capacity to produce antibodies.
B)would have a reduced capacity to mount a specific immune response.
C)would have increased susceptibility to infections.
D)could have AIDS.
E)all of the above.

Question 39

Reaction of antigen with IgE-sensitised mast cells causes

A)precipitation.
B)complement activation.
C)delayed hypersensitivity.
D)agglutination.
E)allergic reaction.

Question 40

Anaphylaxis is

A)due to the presence of autoantibodies.
B)an immune complex reaction.
C)a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
D)a systemic allergic reaction.
E)a type of immunodeficiency.