Question 1

Which of the following is a secondary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Severe combined immunodeficiency. 
B) AIDS. 
C) Selective IgA deficiency. 
D) DiGeorge syndrome. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Severe combined immunodeficiency. 
B) AIDS. 
C) Selective IgA deficiency. 
D) DiGeorge syndrome. 
E) All of the above. B

Question 2

The 'humoral immune response' refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) activation of B cells and antibody production. 
B) destruction of infected cells by phagocytosis. 
C) production of interferon by virus-infected cells. 
D) action of T cell lymphocytes produced in response to an antigen. 
E) action of natural killer cells. 
A) activation of B cells and antibody production. 
B) destruction of infected cells by phagocytosis. 
C) production of interferon by virus-infected cells. 
D) action of T cell lymphocytes produced in response to an antigen. 
E) action of natural killer cells. A

Question 3

A nurse suffers a needlestick injury while taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B.If she has not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B,she should immediately receive

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotics. 
B) hepatitis B immune globulin. 
C) gammaglobulin. 
D) complement. 
E) hepatitis B surface antigen. 
A) antibiotics. 
B) hepatitis B immune globulin. 
C) gammaglobulin. 
D) complement. 
E) hepatitis B surface antigen. B

Question 4

A person who has recovered from an attack of mumps is unlikely to catch the disease again.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) artificially acquired passive immunity. 
B) naturally acquired active immunity. 
C) artificially acquired active immunity. 
D) naturally acquired passive immunity. 
E) cell-mediated immunity. 
A) artificially acquired passive immunity. 
B) naturally acquired active immunity. 
C) artificially acquired active immunity. 
D) naturally acquired passive immunity. 
E) cell-mediated immunity.

Question 5

Complement is activated by

Accepted Answer

A) an immune antibody. 
B) phagocytes. 
C) antigen-antibody complexes. 
D) natural antibodies. 
E) all of the above. 
A) an immune antibody. 
B) phagocytes. 
C) antigen-antibody complexes. 
D) natural antibodies. 
E) all of the above.

Question 6

The mucociliary escalator protects the

Accepted Answer

A) lungs. 
B) small intestine. 
C) urinary bladder. 
D) eyes. 
E) all of the above. 
A) lungs. 
B) small intestine. 
C) urinary bladder. 
D) eyes. 
E) all of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following cells have a role in activating lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Dendritic cells. 
B) Macrophages. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells. 
D) Langerhans cells. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Dendritic cells. 
B) Macrophages. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells. 
D) Langerhans cells. 
E) All of the above.

Question 8

The substance that changes the body temperature set-point to cause fever is

Accepted Answer

A) gammaglobulin. 
B) anaphylatoxin. 
C) endogenous pyrogen. 
D) leukotriene. 
E) interferon. 
A) gammaglobulin. 
B) anaphylatoxin. 
C) endogenous pyrogen. 
D) leukotriene. 
E) interferon.

Question 9

Antimicrobial peptides are

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses. 
B) activated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C) produced by both B and T lymphocytes. 
D) found on the skin and mucous membranes. 
E) all of the above. 
A) antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses. 
B) activated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C) produced by both B and T lymphocytes. 
D) found on the skin and mucous membranes. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions best describes an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) A substance which,when introduced into the body,stimulates phagocytosis. 
B) A protein produced by the body in response to tissue injury. 
C) A glycoprotein produced by macrophages in response to an antigen. 
D) A protein produced by lymphocytes when an antigen is introduced into the body. 
E) A polysaccharide that stimulates the immune response. 
A) A substance which,when introduced into the body,stimulates phagocytosis. 
B) A protein produced by the body in response to tissue injury. 
C) A glycoprotein produced by macrophages in response to an antigen. 
D) A protein produced by lymphocytes when an antigen is introduced into the body. 
E) A polysaccharide that stimulates the immune response.

Question 11

Which class of antibody is indicative of a recent infection?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG. 
B) IgA. 
C) IgM. 
D) IgD. 
E) IgE. 
A) IgG. 
B) IgA. 
C) IgM. 
D) IgD. 
E) IgE.

Question 12

A patient who has an insufficient number of T helper cells

Accepted Answer

A) would have a reduced capacity to produce antibodies. 
B) would have a reduced capacity to mount a specific immune response. 
C) would have increased susceptibility to infections. 
D) could have AIDS. 
E) all of the above. 
A) would have a reduced capacity to produce antibodies. 
B) would have a reduced capacity to mount a specific immune response. 
C) would have increased susceptibility to infections. 
D) could have AIDS. 
E) all of the above.

Question 13

Specific antibodies are highly protective molecules because

Accepted Answer

A) of their ability to bind to specific antigens. 
B) of their ability to enter all cells in the body. 
C) one antibody molecule has more than 20 binding sites. 
D) one antibody molecule can bind to many different antigens. 
E) one antibody molecule is able to kill many bacterial cells. 
A) of their ability to bind to specific antigens. 
B) of their ability to enter all cells in the body. 
C) one antibody molecule has more than 20 binding sites. 
D) one antibody molecule can bind to many different antigens. 
E) one antibody molecule is able to kill many bacterial cells.

Question 14

The type of T cells that kill virus-infected cells are called

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) helper T cells. 
C) suppressor T cells. 
D) memory T cells. 
E) all of the above. 
A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) helper T cells. 
C) suppressor T cells. 
D) memory T cells. 
E) all of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a chemical mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Histamine. 
B) Prostaglandin. 
C) Kinin. 
D) Complement. 
E) Phagosome. 
A) Histamine. 
B) Prostaglandin. 
C) Kinin. 
D) Complement. 
E) Phagosome.

Question 16

The inflammatory response is characterised by

Accepted Answer

A) decreased vascular permeability to serum proteins. 
B) attraction of erythrocytes to the injured site. 
C) vasodilation of local capillaries. 
D) a decrease in diapedesis. 
E) resorption of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream. 
A) decreased vascular permeability to serum proteins. 
B) attraction of erythrocytes to the injured site. 
C) vasodilation of local capillaries. 
D) a decrease in diapedesis. 
E) resorption of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) More antibodies are produced in a secondary response than in a primary response. 
B) Antibodies are produced faster in a primary response than in a secondary response. 
C) Antibodies persist for a longer time following secondary exposure to an antigen. 
D) More memory cells are stimulated in a secondary response. 
E) Mainly IgG is produced in a secondary response. 
A) More antibodies are produced in a secondary response than in a primary response. 
B) Antibodies are produced faster in a primary response than in a secondary response. 
C) Antibodies persist for a longer time following secondary exposure to an antigen. 
D) More memory cells are stimulated in a secondary response. 
E) Mainly IgG is produced in a secondary response.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an activity of complement?

Accepted Answer

A) Histamine release from mast cells. 
B) Lysis of foreign cell membranes. 
C) Neutrophil chemotaxis. 
D) Enhancement of antigen adherence to phagocytic cells. 
E) Natural killer cell recruitment. 
A) Histamine release from mast cells. 
B) Lysis of foreign cell membranes. 
C) Neutrophil chemotaxis. 
D) Enhancement of antigen adherence to phagocytic cells. 
E) Natural killer cell recruitment.

Question 19

A positive tuberculin skin test usually indicates that the person

Accepted Answer

A) is not suffering from tuberculosis. 
B) is at risk of acquiring tuberculosis. 
C) has been exposed to Mycobacterium. 
D) has not been vaccinated against tuberculosis. 
E) should receive a BCG vaccination. 
A) is not suffering from tuberculosis. 
B) is at risk of acquiring tuberculosis. 
C) has been exposed to Mycobacterium. 
D) has not been vaccinated against tuberculosis. 
E) should receive a BCG vaccination.

Question 20

The large granular lymphocytes that are capable of destroying tumour cells are called

Accepted Answer

A) natural killer cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) basophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) pattern recognition cells. 
A) natural killer cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) basophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) pattern recognition cells.

Exam 9: The Bodys Defence Systems

Which of the following is a secondary immunodeficiency?

The 'humoral immune response' refers to the

A nurse suffers a needlestick injury while taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B.If she has not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B,she should immediately receive

A person who has recovered from an attack of mumps is unlikely to catch the disease again.This is an example of

Complement is activated by

The mucociliary escalator protects the

Which of the following cells have a role in activating lymphocytes?

The substance that changes the body temperature set-point to cause fever is

Antimicrobial peptides are

Which of the following definitions best describes an antibody?

Which class of antibody is indicative of a recent infection?

A patient who has an insufficient number of T helper cells

Specific antibodies are highly protective molecules because

The type of T cells that kill virus-infected cells are called

Which of the following is NOT a chemical mediator of inflammation?

The inflammatory response is characterised by

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT an activity of complement?

A positive tuberculin skin test usually indicates that the person

The large granular lymphocytes that are capable of destroying tumour cells are called

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