Deck 2: Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Question 1

The unique structure of biological compounds is due to

A)the way the oxygen atoms are arranged.
B)the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in each molecule.
C)the way the carbon atom bonds to other atoms.
D)the number of different elements in the compound.
E)the way the chains of carbon atoms are folded.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is called

A)adenosine triphosphate.
B)the reaction energy.
C)the activation energy.
D)the catalytic energy.
E)adenosine diphosphate.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The simple compound formed by green plants from water and carbon dioxide using the sun's energy is

A)sucrose.
B)glucose.
C)starch.
D)fructose.
E)cellulose.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Enzymes

A)allow reactions to occur which would otherwise be very slow.
B)lower the activation energy for biological reactions.
C)help reactions occur at normal body temperatures.
D)take part in a reaction but are not changed.
E)all of the above.

Question 5

When glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen the products are

A)carbon dioxide and water.
B)ATP and carbon dioxide.
C)ADP,water and carbon dioxide.
D)ATP,carbon dioxide and water.
E)carbon dioxide,alcohol and water.

Question 6

Specificity is the term used to describe the

A)unique way in which biological molecules fit together.
B)enzymic reactions which occur in a cell.
C)ability of a virus to attack a particular cell .
D)interaction of an antibody with an antigen.
E)all of the above.

Question 7

Glucose can be broken down to release energy in a biological process called

A)oxidation.
B)glycolysis.
C)aerobic respiration.
D)catabolism.
E)all of the above.

Question 8

A series of enzymic reactions in bacteria is called

A)a metabolic pathway.
B)conjugation.
C)a biological process.
D)transformation.
E)activation of substrates.

Question 9

The complete breakdown of glucose occurs in the sequence of

A)glycolysis,TCA cycle,electron transport chain.
B)glycolysis,electron transport chain,Krebs cycle.
C)fermentation,glycolysis,TCA cycle.
D)lipolysis,glycolysis,proteolysis.
E)glycolysis,lipolysis,proteolysis.

Question 10

The process whereby electrons are passed from one molecule to another with the production of ATP is known as

A)oxidative phosphorylation.
B)the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
C)fermentation.
D)anaerobic respiration.
E)anabolism.

Question 11

Living matter is made up of

A)organic compounds.
B)molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen.
C)molecules containing hydrogen,carbon and oxygen.
D)molecules containing hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen and oxygen.
E)all of the above.

Question 12

Fermentation is a process whereby

A)pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and water.
B)glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen.
C)cells produce energy from the breakdown of proteins.
D)enzymes convert pyruvic acid to various compounds in the absence of oxygen.
E)glucose is broken down with the release of the maximum amount of energy.

Question 13

Enzymes

A)are always made of protein.
B)are made of protein and carbohydrate.
C)usually consist of protein and DNA.
D)are part of the material in the cell wall of some bacteria.
E)are always located on membranes.

Question 14

A metal ion required by an enzyme for activity is called a

A)peptide.
B)cofactor.
C)substrate.
D)product.
E)analogue.

Question 15

During glycolysis,glucose

A)is broken down to carbon dioxide and water.
B)is converted to glycogen.
C)is broken down to pyruvic acid.
D)is broken down to glucose and fructose.
E)and fructose are converted to sucrose.

Question 16

The shape of a biological molecule is determined by the bond properties of which element?

A)Oxygen.
B)Nitrogen.
C)Sulfur.
D)Hydrogen.
E)Carbon.

Question 17

Bacteria can break down proteins with

A)lipases.
B)glycolysis.
C)oxidative phosphorylation.
D)anabolism.
E)proteases.

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of an enzymic reaction?

A)Presence of the correct substrate.
B)Sufficient light.
C)Correct pH.
D)Optimum temperature.
E)Correct salt concentration.

Question 19

The specificity of various biological molecules is related to

A)the size of the molecule.
B)the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
C)the ability of carbohydrates to bond to proteins.
D)their ability to bind to a molecule with a complementary shape.
E)their ability to use cofactors in enzyme reactions.

Question 20

The energy released during glucose oxidation is stored in a molecule known as

A)adenosine triphosphate.
B)glucose-6-phospate.
C)adenosine diphosphate.
D)pyruvic acid.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 21

A compound that can be broken down with the release of energy is

A)glucose.
B)a lipid.
C)a protein.
D)acetyl CoA.
E)all of the above.

Question 22

A primary metabolite is a compound which is

A)formed when the microbial cells have ceased dividing.
B)secreted by bacteria to cause disease in humans.
C)formed by microorganisms during the major pathways of metabolism.
D)a major source of carbon for growing microorganisms.
E)produced when a bacterium lacks adequate nutrients.

Question 23

Which of the following may be used in a diagnostic microbiology laboratory to identify a bacterium?

A)Its growth characteristics on a blood agar plate.
B)Its biochemical properties.
C)Its ability to grow on a selective medium.
D)Its ability to grow in anaerobic conditions.
E)All of the above.

Question 24

Microbial fermentation processes

A)include the production of alcohol in the presence of oxygen.
B)are only carried out by yeast cells.
C)are not specific enough to be used commercially.
D)can be used as a means of identifying microorganisms.
E)always produce toxic products.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Yoghurt is made by adding a culture of lactic acid bacteria to pasteurised milk.
B)Yoghurt is usually made from raw milk which is then pasteurised.
C)Yoghurt is a method of preserving milk.
D)The pH of yoghurt is acid.
E)Yoghurt contains live bacteria.

Question 26

Organisms which use carbon dioxide gas as their primary source of carbon are called

A)heterotrophs.
B)fungi.
C)free-living.
D)autotrophs.
E)commensals.

Question 27

Which of the following cellular activities does not use energy?

A)Osmosis.
B)Protein synthesis.
C)Maintenance of the cellular environment.
D)Movement of flagella.
E)Movement of nutrients across the cell membrane.

Question 28

Autotrophic organisms

A)can only grow in the presence of oxygen.
B)use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis.
C)need complex organic compounds to grow.
D)fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into nitrates.
E)require oxygen for growth.

Question 29

Proteins are made of

A)20 different peptides.
B)amino acids joined to amino bases.
C)10 different amino acids.
D)amino acids and glucose units.
E)amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a primary metabolite?

A)Citric acid.
B)Vinegar.
C)Monosodium glutamate (MSG).
D)Aminoglycoside.
E)Aspartic acid.

Question 31

Which of the following substances is produced by the electron transport chain?

A)Alcohol.
B)Lactic acid.
C)Pyruvic acid.
D)Water.
E)Acetyl CoA.

Question 32

Lactobacilli are important in the food industry because

A)their presence inhibits the growth of viruses which spoil food.
B)they produce acids which inhibit the growth of other organisms.
C)they do not alter the flavour of food.
D)they are used in making alcoholic products.
E)all of the above.

Question 33

A selective medium is used to

A)allow the growth of some bacteria but not others.
B)identify fungi in a diagnostic laboratory.
C)encourage the growth of all microorganisms.
D)distinguish between bacteria and viruses in a clinical specimen.
E)identify bacteria on the basis of their reaction with the medium.

Question 34

Sourdough bread is made by

A)adding cultures of lactic acid bacteria to the dough.
B)using a special strain of yeast.
C)adding vinegar to the dough.
D)using a special type of flour.
E)adding buttermilk to the dough.

Question 35

The fungus that produces many useful antibiotics is

A)Streptococcus.
B)Aspergillus.
C)Bacillus.
D)Cephalosporium.
E)Saccharomyces.

Question 36

Proteins are composed of

A)straight chains of pyruvic acids.
B)folded chains of amino acids.
C)regular sequences of five different amino acids.
D)amino acids bound to glucose by peptide bonds.
E)either acidic or basic amino acids.