Question 1

The fungus that produces many useful antibiotics is

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus. 
B) Aspergillus. 
C) Bacillus. 
D) Cephalosporium. 
E) Saccharomyces. 
A) Streptococcus. 
B) Aspergillus. 
C) Bacillus. 
D) Cephalosporium. 
E) Saccharomyces. D

Question 2

During glycolysis,glucose

Accepted Answer

A) is broken down to carbon dioxide and water. 
B) is converted to glycogen. 
C) is broken down to pyruvic acid. 
D) is broken down to glucose and fructose. 
E) and fructose are converted to sucrose. 
A) is broken down to carbon dioxide and water. 
B) is converted to glycogen. 
C) is broken down to pyruvic acid. 
D) is broken down to glucose and fructose. 
E) and fructose are converted to sucrose. C

Question 3

Fermentation is a process whereby

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and water. 
B) glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen. 
C) cells produce energy from the breakdown of proteins. 
D) enzymes convert pyruvic acid to various compounds in the absence of oxygen. 
E) glucose is broken down with the release of the maximum amount of energy. 
A) pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and water. 
B) glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen. 
C) cells produce energy from the breakdown of proteins. 
D) enzymes convert pyruvic acid to various compounds in the absence of oxygen. 
E) glucose is broken down with the release of the maximum amount of energy. D

Question 4

Which of the following substances is produced by the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol. 
B) Lactic acid. 
C) Pyruvic acid. 
D) Water. 
E) Acetyl CoA. 
A) Alcohol. 
B) Lactic acid. 
C) Pyruvic acid. 
D) Water. 
E) Acetyl CoA.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a primary metabolite?

Accepted Answer

A) Citric acid. 
B) Vinegar. 
C) Monosodium glutamate (MSG). 
D) Aminoglycoside. 
E) Aspartic acid. 
A) Citric acid. 
B) Vinegar. 
C) Monosodium glutamate (MSG). 
D) Aminoglycoside. 
E) Aspartic acid.

Question 6

A primary metabolite is a compound which is

Accepted Answer

A) formed when the microbial cells have ceased dividing. 
B) secreted by bacteria to cause disease in humans. 
C) formed by microorganisms during the major pathways of metabolism. 
D) a major source of carbon for growing microorganisms. 
E) produced when a bacterium lacks adequate nutrients. 
A) formed when the microbial cells have ceased dividing. 
B) secreted by bacteria to cause disease in humans. 
C) formed by microorganisms during the major pathways of metabolism. 
D) a major source of carbon for growing microorganisms. 
E) produced when a bacterium lacks adequate nutrients.

Question 7

Proteins are composed of

Accepted Answer

A) straight chains of pyruvic acids. 
B) folded chains of amino acids. 
C) regular sequences of five different amino acids. 
D) amino acids bound to glucose by peptide bonds. 
E) either acidic or basic amino acids. 
A) straight chains of pyruvic acids. 
B) folded chains of amino acids. 
C) regular sequences of five different amino acids. 
D) amino acids bound to glucose by peptide bonds. 
E) either acidic or basic amino acids.

Question 8

Lactobacilli are important in the food industry because

Accepted Answer

A) their presence inhibits the growth of viruses which spoil food. 
B) they produce acids which inhibit the growth of other organisms. 
C) they do not alter the flavour of food. 
D) they are used in making alcoholic products. 
E) all of the above. 
A) their presence inhibits the growth of viruses which spoil food. 
B) they produce acids which inhibit the growth of other organisms. 
C) they do not alter the flavour of food. 
D) they are used in making alcoholic products. 
E) all of the above.

Question 9

Enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) allow reactions to occur which would otherwise be very slow. 
B) lower the activation energy for biological reactions. 
C) help reactions occur at normal body temperatures. 
D) take part in a reaction but are not changed. 
E) all of the above. 
A) allow reactions to occur which would otherwise be very slow. 
B) lower the activation energy for biological reactions. 
C) help reactions occur at normal body temperatures. 
D) take part in a reaction but are not changed. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

Microbial fermentation processes

Accepted Answer

A) include the production of alcohol in the presence of oxygen. 
B) are only carried out by yeast cells. 
C) are not specific enough to be used commercially. 
D) can be used as a means of identifying microorganisms. 
E) always produce toxic products. 
A) include the production of alcohol in the presence of oxygen. 
B) are only carried out by yeast cells. 
C) are not specific enough to be used commercially. 
D) can be used as a means of identifying microorganisms. 
E) always produce toxic products.

Question 11

The specificity of various biological molecules is related to

Accepted Answer

A) the size of the molecule. 
B) the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. 
C) the ability of carbohydrates to bond to proteins. 
D) their ability to bind to a molecule with a complementary shape. 
E) their ability to use cofactors in enzyme reactions. 
A) the size of the molecule. 
B) the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. 
C) the ability of carbohydrates to bond to proteins. 
D) their ability to bind to a molecule with a complementary shape. 
E) their ability to use cofactors in enzyme reactions.

Question 12

Enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) are always made of protein. 
B) are made of protein and carbohydrate. 
C) usually consist of protein and DNA. 
D) are part of the material in the cell wall of some bacteria. 
E) are always located on membranes. 
A) are always made of protein. 
B) are made of protein and carbohydrate. 
C) usually consist of protein and DNA. 
D) are part of the material in the cell wall of some bacteria. 
E) are always located on membranes.

Question 13

The simple compound formed by green plants from water and carbon dioxide using the sun's energy is

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose. 
B) glucose. 
C) starch. 
D) fructose. 
E) cellulose. 
A) sucrose. 
B) glucose. 
C) starch. 
D) fructose. 
E) cellulose.

Question 14

A selective medium is used to

Accepted Answer

A) allow the growth of some bacteria but not others. 
B) identify fungi in a diagnostic laboratory. 
C) encourage the growth of all microorganisms. 
D) distinguish between bacteria and viruses in a clinical specimen. 
E) identify bacteria on the basis of their reaction with the medium. 
A) allow the growth of some bacteria but not others. 
B) identify fungi in a diagnostic laboratory. 
C) encourage the growth of all microorganisms. 
D) distinguish between bacteria and viruses in a clinical specimen. 
E) identify bacteria on the basis of their reaction with the medium.

Question 15

When glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen the products are

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide and water. 
B) ATP and carbon dioxide. 
C) ADP,water and carbon dioxide. 
D) ATP,carbon dioxide and water. 
E) carbon dioxide,alcohol and water. 
A) carbon dioxide and water. 
B) ATP and carbon dioxide. 
C) ADP,water and carbon dioxide. 
D) ATP,carbon dioxide and water. 
E) carbon dioxide,alcohol and water.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Yoghurt is made by adding a culture of lactic acid bacteria to pasteurised milk. 
B) Yoghurt is usually made from raw milk which is then pasteurised. 
C) Yoghurt is a method of preserving milk. 
D) The pH of yoghurt is acid. 
E) Yoghurt contains live bacteria. 
A) Yoghurt is made by adding a culture of lactic acid bacteria to pasteurised milk. 
B) Yoghurt is usually made from raw milk which is then pasteurised. 
C) Yoghurt is a method of preserving milk. 
D) The pH of yoghurt is acid. 
E) Yoghurt contains live bacteria.

Question 17

The process whereby electrons are passed from one molecule to another with the production of ATP is known as

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 
C) fermentation. 
D) anaerobic respiration. 
E) anabolism. 
A) oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 
C) fermentation. 
D) anaerobic respiration. 
E) anabolism.

Question 18

The energy released during glucose oxidation is stored in a molecule known as

Accepted Answer

A) adenosine triphosphate. 
B) glucose-6-phospate. 
C) adenosine diphosphate. 
D) pyruvic acid. 
E) acetyl CoA. 
A) adenosine triphosphate. 
B) glucose-6-phospate. 
C) adenosine diphosphate. 
D) pyruvic acid. 
E) acetyl CoA.

Question 19

Living matter is made up of

Accepted Answer

A) organic compounds. 
B) molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen. 
C) molecules containing hydrogen,carbon and oxygen. 
D) molecules containing hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen and oxygen. 
E) all of the above. 
A) organic compounds. 
B) molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen. 
C) molecules containing hydrogen,carbon and oxygen. 
D) molecules containing hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen and oxygen. 
E) all of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of an enzymic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Presence of the correct substrate. 
B) Sufficient light. 
C) Correct pH. 
D) Optimum temperature. 
E) Correct salt concentration. 
A) Presence of the correct substrate. 
B) Sufficient light. 
C) Correct pH. 
D) Optimum temperature. 
E) Correct salt concentration.

Exam 2: Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

The fungus that produces many useful antibiotics is

During glycolysis,glucose

Fermentation is a process whereby

Which of the following substances is produced by the electron transport chain?

Which of the following is not a primary metabolite?

A primary metabolite is a compound which is

Proteins are composed of

Lactobacilli are important in the food industry because

Enzymes

Microbial fermentation processes

The specificity of various biological molecules is related to

Enzymes

The simple compound formed by green plants from water and carbon dioxide using the sun's energy is

A selective medium is used to

When glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen the products are

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The process whereby electrons are passed from one molecule to another with the production of ATP is known as

The energy released during glucose oxidation is stored in a molecule known as

Living matter is made up of

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of an enzymic reaction?

The Invisible World

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

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