Deck 15: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional Regulation

Question 1

A mutation in which of the following would result in little or no effect on the expression of a gene regulated by a CRE?

A)G protein
B)Adenylyl cyclase
C)Protein kinase A
D)CREB
E) Glucocorticoid receptor

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The exons of a gene are always expressed in a functional protein.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which one of the following directly interacts with the DNA as a transcriptional regulator?

A)cAMP
B)G protein
C)Protein kinase A
D)CREB protein dimer
E) Glucocorticoid response element

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A repressor protein would enhance the ability of TFIID to bind to the TATA box of the promoter.

Question 5

What basal transcription factor is most often affected by regulatory transcription factors?

A)TFIIB
B)TFIID
C)TFIIE
D)TFIIF

Question 6

CpG islands are associated with which of the following?

A)Nucleosome location
B)DNA methylation
C)Steroid hormone activity
D)cAMP pathway

Question 7

Transcription factors are proteins that influence the ability of the RNA polymerase to transcribe a gene.

Question 8

Activator proteins bind to silencer sequences and repressor proteins bind to enhancer sequences.

Question 9

A heterodimer occurs when two identical transcription factors interact on a sequence of DNA.

Question 10

Which of the following recognizes response elements, control elements, and regulatory elements?

A)General transcription factors
B)Regulatory transcription factors
C)Mediator
D)Transactivation domains

Question 11

If a portion of a transcription factor's domain is the same in a variety of organisms, it is called a motif.

Question 12

Which of the following structural motifs promotes dimerization?

A)Zinc finger
B)Leucine zipper
C)Helix-turn-helix
D)Helix-loop-helix

Question 13

Steroid hormomes are an example of an effector which regulates regulatory transcription factor activity.

Question 14

cAMP is known as a second messenger since the pathway is first activated by a extracellular signaling molecule.

Question 15

What activates CREB?

A)Binding of cAMP
B)Phosphorylation
C)Dimerization
D)Lowering of cAMP concentration
E) Binding to GRE

Question 16

Which of the following is a region in DNA that binds to a steroid receptor?

A)GRE
B)IRE
C)CRE
D)CREB

Question 17

Genomic imprinting is a result of ___________.

A)Nucleosome location
B)Histone activation
C)DNA methylation
D)Serine to leucine changes in the genetic code

Question 18

What would be the result of a mutation in Hsp90?

A)Glucocorticoid receptor could not form a dimer
B)The nuclear localization signal would no longer function
C)Expression of the regulated genes would become constitutive
D)The hormone would not be able to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor

Question 19

Which of the following would also work as an enhancer for the following bi-directional enhancer? 5' GTTC 3' 3' CAAG 5'

A)5' GAAC 3' 3' CTTG 5'
B)5' CTTG 3' 3' GAAC 5'
C)5' CAAG 3' 3' GTTC 5'
D)5' CTTC 3' 3' GAAG 5'

Question 20

Histone acetyltransferases are directly involved in which of the following?

A)Removal of histones from chromatin
B)Movement of nucleosomes
C)Chemical modification of histones
D)Termination of gene expression
E) Insertion of variant histone proteins

Question 21

The activity of some transcription factors can be regulated by covalent modifications.

Question 22

Which of the following might complicate the interpretation of ChIP-Seq data?

A)Because histones can be moved around or ejected from the chromatin, some DNA might not be sequenced if it is not wrapped around a histone
B)DNA wrapped around nucleosomes can never be sequenced
C)The regions of DNA wrapped around a histone is too long to be sequenced with current technologies
D)The DNA between nucleosomes are too compacted to be sequenced

Question 23

What might happen if the insulator between two genes is missing?

A)Without the insulator, neither gene can be transcribed.
B)Transcription factors influencing one gene's expression may abnormally influence a neighboring gene's expression.
C)Transcription factors will not be able to influence the expression of either gene.
D)Without insulation, both genes will be expressed at maximal levels.
E) Transcription factors will not be able to bind to the insulator.

Question 24

Prior to hormone binding, receptors for steroid hormones are usually found in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 25

For which of the following histones has variant forms not yet been identified?

A)H1
B)H2A
C)H2B
D)H3
E) H4

Question 26

A transactivation domain is an example of a motif found in transcription factors.

Question 27

A particular gene has a mutation in its NFR that causes it to bind abnormally tightly to histones. What effect would you expect this mutation has on the expression of this gene?

A)The expression of the gene would be abnormally high.
B)The effect on gene expression is impossible to predict.
C)The gene would encode a different protein instead.
D)The expression of the gene would be abnormally low or absent.
E) The promoter of the gene will be constantly available to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.

Question 28

Which DNA sequence important for gene expression is usually contained within the NFR?

A)Core promoter
B)CREB binding site
C)Histone binding site
D)Transcription termination sequence
E) Hormone response element

Question 29

Housekeeping genes are unmethylated and active in most cells.

Question 30

A particular cell contains all of the standard histones but lacks several histone variants. Which of the following MAY be true of this cell?

A)The cell will be completely unable to remodel its chromatin.
B)The cell will have an enhanced ability to chemically modify its histones.
C)The cell will be unable to express any of its genes at all.
D)The cell will express different sets of genes than other cells in the same organism.
E) The cell will not be able to divide.

Question 31

Which of the following is the most likely location of an insulator sequence?

A)At the end of a gene
B)In the middle of a gene
C)At the beginning of a gene
D)Between two genes
E) Within an intron

Question 32

Insulators exert their effects on gene expression through histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and RNA polymerase.

Question 33

DNA that contains actively transcribed genes would most likely contain chromatin in the closed configuration.

Question 34

Nucleosome location may be changed by a process called ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling.

Question 35

In ChIP-Seq, the DNA fragments to be sequenced are around 150 bp in length. What does this size of DNA represent?

A)The length of a promoter
B)The amount of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome
C)The average length of a gene
D)The average distance between genes
E) The amount of DNA between nucleosomes

Question 36

DNA methylation usually activates gene expression.

Question 37

Which of the following is a major finding from the ENCODE project?

A)DNA methylation usually signifies the activation of gene expression.
B)In humans, one gene encodes exactly one protein.
C)Gene regulation is achieved through a complex network of regulatory regions throughout the genome.
D)Less than 20% of human DNA is linked to biological function.
E) There are more than 10 million regulatory sites in human DNA.

Question 38

Methylation of DNA bases is one way that regulatory transcription factors may influence gene expression.

Question 39

When cortisol binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, HSP90 is released.