Deck 8: Foundations of Individual Behaviour

Question 1

Which of the following best defines organisational behaviour?

A)The study of group dynamics
B)The study of the actions of people at work
C)The study of teams at work
D)The study of the workplace

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Azamispent several hours looking over an architect's plans and forming an impression for a new building design.Which component of attitude did she carry out?

A)Behavioural
B)Emotive
C)Affective
D)Cognitive

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which two features are central to employee productivity?

Answer 3

Employee productivity is a performance measure of both work efficiency and effectiveness.

Question 4

After realising that she likes the architect's new building design this morning, this afternoon Azami has decided to go ahead with the project of building it.Which component of attitude did she use this afternoon?

A)Behavioural
B)Emotive
C)Cognitive
D)Affective

Question 5

Describe the focus and goals of organisational behaviour that are covered in this chapter.

Question 6

Define turnover.

Question 7

The goals of organisational behaviour (OB) are to _________.

A)control and influence behaviour
B)explain, monitor and control behaviour
C)monitor and reward changed behaviour
D)explain, predict and influence behaviour

Question 8

The authors compare OB to an iceberg because _________.

A)OB can be isolating for managers
B)implementing OB can be a cold prospect
C)OB has a small visible dimension and a much larger hidden portion
D)there is little research on OB

Question 9

After carefully examining the architect's plans yesterday, today Azami has realised that she loves the new design.Which component of forming an attitude did she carry out today?

A)Behavioural
B)Informational
C)Cognitive
D)Affective

Question 10

The component of attitude that is made up of knowledge and information is _________.

A)functional
B)cognitive
C)affective
D)behavioural

Question 11

Briefly explain OCB and provide one example of good OCB.

Question 12

One of the challenges in understanding organisational behaviour is that its aspects seem too obvious to others.

Question 13

_________ refers to an employee's general attitude towards his or her job.

A)Organisational citizenship behaviour
B)Employee productivity
C)Job satisfaction
D)Turnover

Question 14

Which of the following is a visible aspect of an organisation?

A)Objectives
B)Attitudes
C)Personal preferences
D)Prejudice

Question 15

Of the six behaviours that managers focus on, which behaviour typically increases recruitment costs?

A)Employee turnover
B)Absenteeism
C)Workplace misbehaviour
D)Organisational citizenship behaviour

Question 16

The three elements that make up an attitude are its _________ components.

A)cognitive, functional and affective
B)affective, effective and defective
C)cognitive, affective and behavioural
D)behavioural, cognitive and self-esteem

Question 17

The _________ component of attitude is based on emotions.

A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)affective
D)psychological

Question 18

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's _________.

A)job satisfaction
B)job involvement
C)organisational loyalty
D)job commitment

Question 19

When you stand up during the playing of the national anthem, you are revealing which component of your attitude towards your country?

A)Metacognitive
B)Affective
C)Behavioural
D)Cognitive

Question 20

Organisational behaviour is primarily concerned with workplace misbehaviour.

Question 21

The thinking versus feeling scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented _________.

A)towards gathering data or the big picture
B)outwardly or inwardly
C)towards planning or flexibility
D)logically or emotionally

Question 22

The judging versus perceiving scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented _________.

A)towards planning or flexibility
B)outwardly or inwardly
C)towards gathering data or the big picture
D)logically or emotionally

Question 23

Define employee engagement.

Question 24

With respect to employee engagement in a job, which of the following seems to be the most important factor to employees around the world?

A)Salary
B)Respect
C)Type of work
D)Fringe benefits

Question 25

Research shows that high job satisfaction correlates with low productivity.

Question 26

Rather than trying to make employees happy, managers might do well to focus on making work _________.

A)challenging and interesting
B)easy to accomplish
C)simple rather than complex
D)challenging and difficult

Question 27

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the factors that can mitigate the discomfort caused by dissonance are _________.

A)importance, rewards and status
B)importance, influence and rewards
C)influence, reinforcement and goals
D)influence, rewards and status

Question 28

Attitudes are favourable evaluative statements concerning objects, people or events.

Question 29

After the disappointment of not getting a new position, an employee states, 'That job looks like a real headache, anyway.' This is an example of _________ to reduce discomfort from dissonance.

A)increasing influence
B)reducing importance
C)increasing importance
D)reducing influence

Question 30

Briefly explain how attitude affects employee behaviour.

Question 31

Values are developed when people feel that their behaviour and attitudes are consistent.

Question 32

Which of the following are typically the most important reasons why managers want to increase positive job attitudes?

A)Higher rates of turnover and absenteeism
B)To increase worker happiness
C)Lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
D)To decrease worker unhappiness

Question 33

What does the research on cognitive dissonance tell us about employee behaviour?
Define job involvement.

Question 34

A person who is being hypocritical about something that has high importance in her life would be likely to experience _________ discomfort from cognitive dissonance.

A)high
B)low
C)no
D)minimal

Question 35

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) is based on _________ that are revealed in a 100-item questionnaire.

A)four dimensions
B)eight personality types
C)two dimensions
D)four personality types

Question 36

An employee who brags about her company to friends and recommends all company products as gifts is likely to have high _________.

A)job involvement
B)organisational citizenship
C)personal commitment
D)organisational commitment

Question 37

_________ is the unique combination of psychological traits that describe a person.

A)Personality
B)Intelligence
C)Values
D)Character

Question 38

Cognitive dissonance theory states that a person feels _________ when his attitudes and actions do not match.

A)uncomfortable
B)comfortable
C)confident
D)confused

Question 39

How may a person's cognitive dissonance be reduced?

A)If they accept they have no control over factors
B)If they believe they are rewarded for their discomfort
C)If they display consistent actions
D)If they fail to take into account individual differences

Question 40

According to the text, the correlation between satisfaction and productivity is _________.

A)non-existent
B)extremely strong
C)impossible to prove
D)fairly strong

Question 41

Which of the following is a dimension of emotional intelligence?

A)Empathy
B)Coordination
C)Memory
D)Introversion

Question 42

If you believe that you control your own destiny, then your personality would be described as having a(n) _________.

A)low Mach score
B)internal locus of control
C)high Mach score
D)external locus of control

Question 43

A person who rates high on Holland's social scale would probably find a good match with which of the following jobs?

A)Teacher
B)Farmer
C)Mathematician
D)Painter

Question 44

One study found that _________ predicted job performance for five categories of occupations of professionals, police, managers, sales, and semi-skilled and skilled employees.

A)emotional stability
B)extraversion
C)openness to experience
D)conscientiousness

Question 45

Which term best describes high self-monitors?

A)Risk taking
B)Indecisive
C)Machiavellian
D)Adaptable

Question 46

A high self-monitoring individual would tend to _________.

A)have no skill in playing different roles
B)be good at playing different roles
C)have no experience in hiding her feelings
D)have no skill in hiding her feelings

Question 47

The sensing versus intuition scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented _________.

A)towards planning or flexibility
B)towards gathering data or the big picture
C)outwardly or inwardly
D)logically or emotionally

Question 48

If you are a person who dislikes making plans, you would probably score high on which aspect of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®?

A)More extrovert than introvert
B)More perceiving than judging
C)More judging than perceiving
D)More introvert than extrovert

Question 49

_________ individuals tend to be dependent on positive evaluation from others.

A)Low self-esteem
B)Weak locus of control
C)Internal locus of control
D)Self aware

Question 50

A race car driver would be a good occupational match for which personality type?

A)Low self-esteem
B)Risk averse
C)Risk taker
D)Low Mach

Question 51

This dimension of emotional intelligence allows people to sense and understand how others are feeling.

A)Self-management
B)Social skills
C)Self-awareness
D)Empathy

Question 52

High self-esteem individuals tend to _________.

A)make excuses for themselves
B)avoid risks
C)take risks
D)avoid making excuses for themselves

Question 53

A person who does not believe that the ends justify the means would be likely to have a low level of which personality trait?

A)Social skills.
B)Self-awareness
C)Machiavellianism
D)Apathy

Question 54

Surprisingly, studies show that emotional stability is _________.

A)not positively related to job performance
B)positively related to job performance
C)not positively related to happiness
D)positively related to job type

Question 55

A manager who takes very little time to make a decision probably has the trait of _________.

A)low self-monitoring
B)external locus of control
C)high self-esteem
D)high risk taking

Question 56

Which characteristic is associated with beliefs that are less ethical?

A)High emotional intelligence
B)High Mach
C)Low Mach
D)High risk aversion

Question 57

A person rating high on the investigative personality type would have the best job match for which job?

A)Reporter
B)Mechanic
C)Counsellor
D)Nurse

Question 58

The Big Five model of personality includes all of the following EXCEPT _________.

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness
C)extroversion
D)intuitiveness

Question 59

According to Holland's theory, turnover is _________ when personality and occupation are _________.

A)lowest; conflicted
B)lowest; compatible
C)highest; conflicted
D)highest; compatible

Question 60

A tennis player who blames a loss on his poor preparation would be likely to have _________.

A)no locus of control
B)an external locus of control
C)an internal locus of control
D)high self-esteem

Question 61

Employees with high self-esteem tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those with low self-esteem.

Question 62

Australians seem to be much more likely to have _________ than people from Middle Eastern countries.

A)no locus of control
B)a variable locus of control
C)an internal locus of control
D)an external locus of control

Question 63

According to John Holland, the key to job success is how well an individual's personality matches his or her job.

Question 64

What does the research tell us about the five personality factors across cultures?

Question 65

According to Holland's social scale, an enterprising type would be well matched for a career as a _________.

A)lawyer
B)bank teller
C)biologist
D)farmer

Question 66

A person who is risk averse might not do well as a stock trader.

Question 67

People from the Middle East tend to believe that life is not predetermined and they can control their own destiny.

Question 68

A worker with an internal locus of control would tend to blame failure on himself.

Question 69

The ability to manage one's own emotions is an important component in emotional intelligence.

Question 70

Why is it important for global managers to understand the effect of national culture on the personality characteristics of its people?

Question 71

_________ is the process of organising and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.

A)Learning
B)Attribution
C)Perception
D)Selection

Question 72

Describe how locus of control can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 73

Research suggests that a large proportion of the Iranian workforce has an external locus of control.

Question 74

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® test can identify thousands of different basic personality types.

Question 75

In the Big Five model, emotional stability was positively related to job performance.

Question 76

Identify and discuss the five personality traits of the Big Five model of personality.

Question 77

How does one's self-esteem affect individual behaviour in organisations?

Question 78

A low Mach person tends to think that ends justify means.

Question 79

In a short essay, discuss how Machiavellianism can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 80

Which of the following pairs would be a good match in Holland's scheme?

A)Realistic: psychologist
B)Social: coach
C)Artistic: chemist
D)Investigative: golf pro