Deck 38: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

Children with hepatitis A develop jaundice.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of the _____ nervous system.

A) central
B) parasympathetic
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

Failure to thrive is a disorder having both organic (e.g. ,gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders)and nonorganic (e.g. ,psychosocial)deprivation causes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An intestinal obstruction caused by the invagination of the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon collapsing through the ileocecal valve is an example of a(n):

A) congenital aganglionic megacolon.
B) malrotation.
C) intussusception.
D) volvulus.

Question 5

The intestinal villi of a child who has been diagnosed with gluten sensitivity enteropathy regenerates after treatment with a gluten-free diet.

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by:

A) excessive mucus production.
B) elevated blood glucose levels.
C) low sodium content in perspiration.
D) formation of cysts in the alveoli.

Question 7

In most cases,cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple factors,both genetic and environmental including maternal use of alcohol and tobacco.

Question 8

At 2 or 3 weeks of age,an infant who has been fed well and gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason.The vomiting has gradually become more forceful.These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Congenital aganglionic megacolon
C) Pyloric stenosis
D) Galactosemia

Question 9

In at least 50% of infants with esophageal defects,other congenital anomalies are present as well,such as cardiovascular anomalies.

Question 10

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause:

A) pyloric stenosis.
B) meconium ileus.
C) esophageal atresia.
D) galactosemia.

Question 11

An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain,becomes irritable (colicky),and draws up the knees.Vomiting occurs soon afterward.The mother reports that after the infant passed a normal stool,the stools currently look like currant jelly.Based on these data,which disorder does the nurse suspect?

A) Congenital aganglionic megacolon
B) Intussusception
C) Malrotation
D) Volvulus

Question 12

_____ is a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.

A) Malrotation
B) Ileocecal displacement
C) Duodenal obstruction
D) Pyloric stenosis

Question 13

Because lactose intolerance is presumed in children with gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue),lactose is excluded from their diet.

Question 14

Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process during the second month of embryonic development causes:

A) cleft palate.
B) sinus dysfunction.
C) cleft lip.
D) esophageal malformation.

Question 15

Meconium _____ is an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine.

A) cecum
B) ileus
C) obstruction
D) vivax

Question 16

In newborns,gastroesophageal reflux (GER)is normal because neuromuscular control of the gastroesophageal sphincter is not fully developed.

Question 17

Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease affecting copper metabolism in children and young adults.

Question 18

The primary cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension in children is cirrhosis.

Question 19

In about 80% of cases of congenital aganglionic megacolon,the aganglionic segment is limited to the ascending colon.

Question 20

Meconium ileus is often associated with:

A) muscular dystrophy.
B) cerebral palsy.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) congenital aganglionic megacolon.

Question 21

Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 22

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Hirschsprung disease

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 23

Why does an infant with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)bruise and bleed easily?

A) Because he has a vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
B) Because his bone marrow function is depressed
C) Because he has iron,folate,and B₁₂ deficiency anemias
D) Because he is taking Coumadin

Question 24

Which disorder is characterized by an increase in the percentages in T cells and complement together with immunoglobulin A (IgA)and immunoglobulin M (IgM)antigliadin antibodies found in the jejunum fluid?

A) Wilson disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)
D) Galactosemia

Question 25

Which type of diarrhea results from lactose intolerance?

A) Secretory diarrhea
B) Motility diarrhea
C) Osmotic diarrhea
D) Small volume diarrhea

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Malrotation

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 27

What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

A) All nutrients,proteins,fats,and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor.
B) Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor,but not in marasmus.
C) Muscle wasting,diarrhea,low hemoglobin,and infection characterize kwashiorkor.
D) The presence of subcutaneous fat,hepatomegaly,and fatty liver is found in kwashiorkor.

Question 28

Which organs are affected directly by cystic fibrosis?

A) Muscles and bones
B) Kidneys and bladder
C) Lymph nodes and spleen
D) Cervix and liver

Question 29

How does cirrhosis cause intrahepatic portal hypertension in children?

A) Fibrosis increases resistance to blood flow within the portal system.
B) Increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts.
C) Development of collateral circulation within the portal system.
D) Shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen.

Question 30

Increased bilirubin production,impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin,and reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine can each lead to:

A) pathologic jaundice of the newborn.
B) physiologic jaundice of the newborn.
C) hepatitis A.
D) infantile cirrhosis.

Question 31

Why are premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis at risk for infection?

A) Because they have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA)and intestinal T cells
B) Because they have decreased secretory immunoglobulin E (IgE)and intestinal chemical mediators
C) Because they have decreased secretory immunoglobulin G (IgG)and cytokines
D) Because they have decreased secretory immunoglobulin M (IgM)and complement

Question 32

Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because:

A) less water is absorbed from the colon in children.
B) fluid reserves are smaller in children.
C) children have a higher fluid volume intake.
D) children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Question 33

Which medication do all people with cystic fibrosis take each day to compensate for a deficiency they have?

A) Salt tablets
B) Pancreatic enzymes
C) Insulin
D) Antibiotics

Question 34

Why do people with cystic fibrosis have fat in their stools?

A) Because their bile ducts are obstructed with mucus that prohibits the release of bile
B) Because they cannot metabolize fat-soluble vitamins
C) Because they have a deficiency of pancreatic lipase
D) Because of fat malabsorption in the jejunum

Question 35

_____ is a clinical sign of portal hypertension.

A) Right heart failure
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Splenomegaly
D) Diarrhea

Question 36

Which is a cause of physiologic jaundice of the newborn?

A) Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
B) Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
C) Increased bilirubin production
D) Mild conjugated (indirect reacting)hyperbilirubinemia

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Celiac sprue

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 38

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Marasmus and kwashiorkor

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 39

Why does a person with cystic fibrosis have an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A) Because the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus
B) Because of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia
C) Because genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes
D) Because the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater

Question 40

Which foods are eliminated from the diet for children who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)?

A) Citrus fruits
B) Starchy vegetables
C) Cereal grains
D) Red meat

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
Meconium ileus

A)Gluten sensitivity
B)Periduodenal band
C)Congenital aganglionic megacolon
D)Protein energy malnutrition
E)Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life