Question 1

Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D C

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
-Hirschsprung disease

Accepted Answer

A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life 
A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life C

Question 3

What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

Accepted Answer

A)  All nutrients,proteins,fats,and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor. 
B)  Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor,but not in marasmus. 
C)  Muscle wasting,diarrhea,low hemoglobin,and infection characterize kwashiorkor. 
D)  The presence of subcutaneous fat,hepatomegaly,and fatty liver is found in kwashiorkor. 
A)  All nutrients,proteins,fats,and carbohydrates are reduced in kwashiorkor. 
B)  Physical growth of children is stunted in kwashiorkor,but not in marasmus. 
C)  Muscle wasting,diarrhea,low hemoglobin,and infection characterize kwashiorkor. 
D)  The presence of subcutaneous fat,hepatomegaly,and fatty liver is found in kwashiorkor. D

Question 4

Which disorder is characterized by an increase in the percentages in T cells and complement together with immunoglobulin A (IgA)and immunoglobulin M (IgM)antigliadin antibodies found in the jejunum fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilson disease 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) 
D)  Galactosemia 
A)  Wilson disease 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) 
D)  Galactosemia

Question 5

In newborns,gastroesophageal reflux (GER)is normal because neuromuscular control of the gastroesophageal sphincter is not fully developed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
-Celiac sprue

Accepted Answer

A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life 
A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 7

Which foods are eliminated from the diet for children who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citrus fruits 
B)  Starchy vegetables 
C)  Cereal grains 
D)  Red meat 
A)  Citrus fruits 
B)  Starchy vegetables 
C)  Cereal grains 
D)  Red meat

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  elevated blood glucose levels. 
C)  low sodium content in perspiration. 
D)  formation of cysts in the alveoli. 
A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  elevated blood glucose levels. 
C)  low sodium content in perspiration. 
D)  formation of cysts in the alveoli.

Question 9

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyloric stenosis. 
B)  meconium ileus. 
C)  esophageal atresia. 
D)  galactosemia. 
A)  pyloric stenosis. 
B)  meconium ileus. 
C)  esophageal atresia. 
D)  galactosemia.

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics.
-Malrotation

Accepted Answer

A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life 
A) Gluten sensitivity 
B) Periduodenal band 
C) Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
D) Protein energy malnutrition 
E) Lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life

Question 11

_____ is a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.

Accepted Answer

A)  Malrotation 
B)  Ileocecal displacement 
C)  Duodenal obstruction 
D)  Pyloric stenosis 
A)  Malrotation 
B)  Ileocecal displacement 
C)  Duodenal obstruction 
D)  Pyloric stenosis

Question 12

Failure to thrive is a disorder having both organic (e.g. ,gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders)and nonorganic (e.g. ,psychosocial)deprivation causes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Meconium _____ is an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A)  cecum 
B)  ileus 
C)  obstruction 
D)  vivax 
A)  cecum 
B)  ileus 
C)  obstruction 
D)  vivax

Question 14

Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because:

Accepted Answer

A)  less water is absorbed from the colon in children. 
B)  fluid reserves are smaller in children. 
C)  children have a higher fluid volume intake. 
D)  children have diarrhea more often than adults. 
A)  less water is absorbed from the colon in children. 
B)  fluid reserves are smaller in children. 
C)  children have a higher fluid volume intake. 
D)  children have diarrhea more often than adults.

Question 15

How does cirrhosis cause intrahepatic portal hypertension in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrosis increases resistance to blood flow within the portal system. 
B)  Increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts. 
C)  Development of collateral circulation within the portal system. 
D)  Shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen. 
A)  Fibrosis increases resistance to blood flow within the portal system. 
B)  Increased pressure from the twisting of the common bile ducts. 
C)  Development of collateral circulation within the portal system. 
D)  Shunting of fluid to the spleen or abdomen.

Question 16

Why does a person with cystic fibrosis have an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus 
B)  Because of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia 
C)  Because genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes 
D)  Because the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater 
A)  Because the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus 
B)  Because of the impaired blood supply to the pancreas causing ischemia 
C)  Because genetically the pancreas is unable to produce digestive enzymes 
D)  Because the pancreas has a volvulus at the ampulla of Vater

Question 17

Because lactose intolerance is presumed in children with gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue),lactose is excluded from their diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Meconium ileus is often associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscular dystrophy. 
B)  cerebral palsy. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  congenital aganglionic megacolon. 
A)  muscular dystrophy. 
B)  cerebral palsy. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  congenital aganglionic megacolon.

Question 19

At 2 or 3 weeks of age,an infant who has been fed well and gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason.The vomiting has gradually become more forceful.These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esophageal atresia 
B)  Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
C)  Pyloric stenosis 
D)  Galactosemia 
A)  Esophageal atresia 
B)  Congenital aganglionic megacolon 
C)  Pyloric stenosis 
D)  Galactosemia

Question 20

In most cases,cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple factors,both genetic and environmental including maternal use of alcohol and tobacco.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 38: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics. -Hirschsprung disease

What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?

Which disorder is characterized by an increase in the percentages in T cells and complement together with immunoglobulin A (IgA)and immunoglobulin M (IgM)antigliadin antibodies found in the jejunum fluid?

In newborns,gastroesophageal reflux (GER)is normal because neuromuscular control of the gastroesophageal sphincter is not fully developed.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics. -Celiac sprue

Which foods are eliminated from the diet for children who have gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue)?

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by:

Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause:

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding characteristics. -Malrotation

_____ is a condition in which the developing colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.

Failure to thrive is a disorder having both organic (e.g. ,gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders)and nonorganic (e.g. ,psychosocial)deprivation causes.

Meconium _____ is an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine.

Prolonged diarrhea is more severe in children than in adults because:

How does cirrhosis cause intrahepatic portal hypertension in children?

Why does a person with cystic fibrosis have an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Because lactose intolerance is presumed in children with gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue),lactose is excluded from their diet.

Meconium ileus is often associated with:

At 2 or 3 weeks of age,an infant who has been fed well and gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason.The vomiting has gradually become more forceful.These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

In most cases,cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple factors,both genetic and environmental including maternal use of alcohol and tobacco.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters