Deck 11: Electrophoresis Techniques

Question 1

The immunoelectrophoresis of a normal serum typically depicts IgM,IgG,and IgA bands,but IgD and IgE bands are missing because:

A) of a technical error.
B) the patient is immunodeficient for IgD and IgE.
C) the prozone produces a false-negative result.
D) normal concentrations of IgD and IgE are too low to be detected.

Answer 1

normal concentrations of IgD and IgE are too low to be detected.

Question 2

Monoclonal gammopathies can be observed in:

A) malignancy.
B) multiple myeloma.
C) macroglobulinemia.
D) all of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

Separation of proteins by electrophoresis is based on:

A) rate of migration of individual components in an electrical field.
B) size of various molecules as they diffuse on cellulose acetate.
C) the type of support medium such as cellulose acetate.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

rate of migration of individual components in an electrical field.

Question 4

A monoclonal gammopathy is a:

A) frequently diagnosed condition using immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).
B) condition in which a single clone of plasma cells produces increased levels of a single class of immunoglobulin.
C) condition in which a single clone of plasma cells produces increased levels of a single type of immunoglobulin.
D) all of the above.

Question 5

The primary application of immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)is for the:

A) quantitation of immunoglobulins.
B) separation of the five serum protein fractions.
C) characterization of monoclonal immunoglobulins.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

In the first phase of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),serum is separated according to:

A) electrophoretic mobility.
B) diffusion coefficient.
C) antibody specificity.
D) all of the above.

Question 7

Electrophoresis is defined as:

A) migration of charged solutes in an electrical field.
B) migration of charged particles in an electrical field.
C) diffusion of charged particles in an electrical field.
D) both a and b

Question 8

In immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),when a favorable antigen-to-antibody ratio (equivalence point)is reached,the antigen-antibody complex becomes visible as:

A) precipitation lines.
B) precipitation bands.
C) a line representing one specific protein.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Formation of a precipitin arc between a well containing a test specimen and a trough containing antiserum indicates:

A) the presence of a protein specific to that antiserum.
B) the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM).
C) absence of abnormal proteins.
D) the excess concentration of antiserum in the trough.

Question 10

Monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA)gammopathy has a distinctive immunoelectrophoretic feature of:

A) antibody in the position of band precipitin.
B) abnormal curvature of precipitin band.
C) skewed arcs of a circle.
D) thickening and elongation of the precipitation band.

Question 11

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)is a reliable and accurate method for detecting:

A) structural abnormalities.
B) concentration changes in proteins.
C) concentration changes in lipids.
D) both a and b

Question 12

The most common application of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)of urine is the:

A) diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy.
B) diagnosis of polyclonal gammopathy.
C) diagnosis of autoimmune hemolysis.
D) demonstration of Bence Jones (BJ)protein.

Question 13

Evaluation of abnormal precipitin band can include assessing:

A) the position of the band between antigen and antibody.
B) the distortion of the curvature or arc formation only.
C) the density and elongation of the band only.
D) any deviation of position and shape of the precipitin bands.

Question 14

Monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM)bands are:

A) skewed arcs of a circle.
B) short thick arcs in the antigen well.
C) thick elongated bands.
D) radial in configuration.

Question 15

The difference between polyvalent and monovalent antisera is that polyvalent antisera:

A) confirm the presence of major factors.
B) confirm the presence or absence of factors.
C) identify only corresponding proteins.
D) both a and b

Question 16

A test specimen for immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)may be:

A) serum.
B) urine.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

The prozone phenomenon should be suspected if:

A) the preciptin arc appears to run into a trough.
B) a light chain appears fuzzy when a heavy chain is increased.
C) an arc appears to be incomplete.
D) all of the above.

Question 18

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)can divide the proteins of normal serum into _______________ distinct precipitation bands.

A) 5 to 10
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 40
D) 45 to 100

Question 19

Differentiation of proteins using immunoelectrophoresis is based on:

A) electrophoretic mobility.
B) diffusion coefficient.
C) antibody specificity.
D) all of the above.

Question 20

Monoclonal immunoglobulin E (IgE)elevation leads to:

A) skewed arcs of a circle.
B) thick elongated bands.
C) short thick arcs in the antigen well.
D) arcs that are radial in configuration.

Question 21

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)can be optimized to give greater sensitivity and higher resolution than immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Question 22

Immunoelectrophoreis (IEP)is easier to interpret than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE).

Question 23

Match the steps in the immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)procedure with the appropriate description.
Second step

A)Proteins are separated by their net charge.
B)Polyspecific antisera are applied to 10 electrophoretic patterns.
C)Protein reference patterns are stained and examined.
D)Monospecific antisera are applied to five electrophoretic patterns.

Question 24

When comparing immunoelectrophoresis,IEP,and immunofixation electrophoresis,IFE,the following characteristics are true of IFE except that it is:

A) more complex.
B) more sensitive.
C) used for difficult to characterize anomalous proteins.
D) challenging.

Question 25

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)is technically simpler and less subject to antigen excess phenomenon than immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Question 26

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)should be reserved for anomalous proteins that are difficult to characterize by immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Question 27

Match the steps in the immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)procedure with the appropriate description.
First step

A)Proteins are separated by their net charge.
B)Polyspecific antisera are applied to 10 electrophoretic patterns.
C)Protein reference patterns are stained and examined.
D)Monospecific antisera are applied to five electrophoretic patterns.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins.

Homogeneous

A)The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle.
B)The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape.

Question 29

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)is considered to be a better technique than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)for typing large monoclonal gammopathies.

Question 30

MATCHING
Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins.

Heterogeneous

A)The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle.
B)The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape.