Question 1

Formation of a precipitin arc between a well containing a test specimen and a trough containing antiserum indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a protein specific to that antiserum. 
B)  the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). 
C)  absence of abnormal proteins. 
D)  the excess concentration of antiserum in the trough. 
A)  the presence of a protein specific to that antiserum. 
B)  the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). 
C)  absence of abnormal proteins. 
D)  the excess concentration of antiserum in the trough. A

Question 2

A test specimen for immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)may be:

Accepted Answer

A)  serum. 
B)  urine. 
C)  cerebrospinal fluid. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  serum. 
B)  urine. 
C)  cerebrospinal fluid. 
D)  all of the above. D

Question 3

The most common application of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)of urine is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. 
B)  diagnosis of polyclonal gammopathy. 
C)  diagnosis of autoimmune hemolysis. 
D)  demonstration of Bence Jones (BJ)protein. 
A)  diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. 
B)  diagnosis of polyclonal gammopathy. 
C)  diagnosis of autoimmune hemolysis. 
D)  demonstration of Bence Jones (BJ)protein. D

Question 4

Evaluation of abnormal precipitin band can include assessing:

Accepted Answer

A)  the position of the band between antigen and antibody. 
B)  the distortion of the curvature or arc formation only. 
C)  the density and elongation of the band only. 
D)  any deviation of position and shape of the precipitin bands. 
A)  the position of the band between antigen and antibody. 
B)  the distortion of the curvature or arc formation only. 
C)  the density and elongation of the band only. 
D)  any deviation of position and shape of the precipitin bands.

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins.

-Homogeneous

Accepted Answer

A) The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle. 
B) The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape. 
A) The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle. 
B) The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape.

Question 6

The prozone phenomenon should be suspected if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the preciptin arc appears to run into a trough. 
B)  a light chain appears fuzzy when a heavy chain is increased. 
C)  an arc appears to be incomplete. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the preciptin arc appears to run into a trough. 
B)  a light chain appears fuzzy when a heavy chain is increased. 
C)  an arc appears to be incomplete. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins.

-Heterogeneous

Accepted Answer

A) The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle. 
B) The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape. 
A) The antigen-antibody precipitation line resembles a segment or arc of a circle. 
B) The antigen-antibody precipitation line assumes an elliptical shape.

Question 8

When comparing immunoelectrophoresis,IEP,and immunofixation electrophoresis,IFE,the following characteristics are true of IFE except that it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  more complex. 
B)  more sensitive. 
C)  used for difficult to characterize anomalous proteins. 
D)  challenging. 
A)  more complex. 
B)  more sensitive. 
C)  used for difficult to characterize anomalous proteins. 
D)  challenging.

Question 9

Immunoelectrophoreis (IEP)is easier to interpret than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),when a favorable antigen-to-antibody ratio (equivalence point)is reached,the antigen-antibody complex becomes visible as:

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation lines. 
B)  precipitation bands. 
C)  a line representing one specific protein. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  precipitation lines. 
B)  precipitation bands. 
C)  a line representing one specific protein. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

In the first phase of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),serum is separated according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  electrophoretic mobility. 
B)  diffusion coefficient. 
C)  antibody specificity. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  electrophoretic mobility. 
B)  diffusion coefficient. 
C)  antibody specificity. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 12

Monoclonal immunoglobulin E (IgE)elevation leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  skewed arcs of a circle. 
B)  thick elongated bands. 
C)  short thick arcs in the antigen well. 
D)  arcs that are radial in configuration. 
A)  skewed arcs of a circle. 
B)  thick elongated bands. 
C)  short thick arcs in the antigen well. 
D)  arcs that are radial in configuration.

Question 13

Monoclonal gammopathies can be observed in:

Accepted Answer

A)  malignancy. 
B)  multiple myeloma. 
C)  macroglobulinemia. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  malignancy. 
B)  multiple myeloma. 
C)  macroglobulinemia. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 14

Separation of proteins by electrophoresis is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of migration of individual components in an electrical field. 
B)  size of various molecules as they diffuse on cellulose acetate. 
C)  the type of support medium such as cellulose acetate. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  rate of migration of individual components in an electrical field. 
B)  size of various molecules as they diffuse on cellulose acetate. 
C)  the type of support medium such as cellulose acetate. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 15

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)is technically simpler and less subject to antigen excess phenomenon than immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM)bands are:

Accepted Answer

A)  skewed arcs of a circle. 
B)  short thick arcs in the antigen well. 
C)  thick elongated bands. 
D)  radial in configuration. 
A)  skewed arcs of a circle. 
B)  short thick arcs in the antigen well. 
C)  thick elongated bands. 
D)  radial in configuration.

Question 17

Electrophoresis is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  migration of charged solutes in an electrical field. 
B)  migration of charged particles in an electrical field. 
C)  diffusion of charged particles in an electrical field. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  migration of charged solutes in an electrical field. 
B)  migration of charged particles in an electrical field. 
C)  diffusion of charged particles in an electrical field. 
D)  both a and b

Question 18

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)is considered to be a better technique than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)for typing large monoclonal gammopathies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Differentiation of proteins using immunoelectrophoresis is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  electrophoretic mobility. 
B)  diffusion coefficient. 
C)  antibody specificity. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  electrophoretic mobility. 
B)  diffusion coefficient. 
C)  antibody specificity. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 20

The immunoelectrophoresis of a normal serum typically depicts IgM,IgG,and IgA bands,but IgD and IgE bands are missing because:

Accepted Answer

A)  of a technical error. 
B)  the patient is immunodeficient for IgD and IgE. 
C)  the prozone produces a false-negative result. 
D)  normal concentrations of IgD and IgE are too low to be detected. 
A)  of a technical error. 
B)  the patient is immunodeficient for IgD and IgE. 
C)  the prozone produces a false-negative result. 
D)  normal concentrations of IgD and IgE are too low to be detected.

Exam 11: Electrophoresis Techniques

Formation of a precipitin arc between a well containing a test specimen and a trough containing antiserum indicates:

A test specimen for immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)may be:

The most common application of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)of urine is the:

Evaluation of abnormal precipitin band can include assessing:

MATCHING Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins. -Homogeneous

The prozone phenomenon should be suspected if:

MATCHING Match the term with the appropriate description regarding proteins. -Heterogeneous

When comparing immunoelectrophoresis,IEP,and immunofixation electrophoresis,IFE,the following characteristics are true of IFE except that it is:

Immunoelectrophoreis (IEP)is easier to interpret than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE).

In immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),when a favorable antigen-to-antibody ratio (equivalence point)is reached,the antigen-antibody complex becomes visible as:

In the first phase of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP),serum is separated according to:

Monoclonal immunoglobulin E (IgE)elevation leads to:

Monoclonal gammopathies can be observed in:

Separation of proteins by electrophoresis is based on:

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)is technically simpler and less subject to antigen excess phenomenon than immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM)bands are:

Electrophoresis is defined as:

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)is considered to be a better technique than immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)for typing large monoclonal gammopathies.

Differentiation of proteins using immunoelectrophoresis is based on:

The immunoelectrophoresis of a normal serum typically depicts IgM,IgG,and IgA bands,but IgD and IgE bands are missing because:

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Point-Of-Care Testing

Agglutination Methods

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Automated Procedures

Molecular Techniques

The Immune Response in Infectious Diseases

A Primer on Vaccines

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Solid Organ Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Tumor Immunology

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