Deck 12: Quantitative Data Collection

Question 1

Which of the following is true of snowball sampling?

A) It is optional for qualitative and quantitative studies.
B) It is utilized for qualitative research purposes.
C) It emphasizes typical people/places of a given culture.
D) It is required for approving the study.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following describes probability sampling method?

A) It is similar to what's used in qualitative studies.
B) It serves as the primary basis for whether the study is approved.
C) It is systematic and ensures representativeness.
D) It is objectively determined for each unique study.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most rigorous form of probability sampling is ______.

A) stratified random sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) cluster random sampling
D) systematic random sampling

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following options best matches this statement: "The chance that each member of the population will be selected for inclusion in the sample can be specified?"

A) random sampling
B) narrative sampling
C) scholarly sampling
D) rationale sampling

Question 5

Which of the following is quantitative sampling?

A) statistical sampling
B) measurement sampling
C) representative sampling
D) interview sampling

Question 6

One easy way to choose a sample from a population is ______.

A) to provide logic to the process
B) ongoing
C) definitive in nature
D) by using computer software

Question 7

Quantitative researchers tend to ______.

A) differ from qualitative methods
B) generalize results to the entire population
C) contain seven key components
D) target specific people

Question 8

Which of the following is true of stratified sampling?

A) It includes discussions among participants.
B) It requires conversations between participants and researchers.
C) It cannot be used without a population list.
D) It is easy to use without a knowledge of the population.

Question 9

What does the sampling unit in cluster sampling include?

A) details of the selection process
B) a description of the population/sample
C) differences from the unit in stratified sampling
D) varying amounts of structure

Question 10

Which of the following options best matches this statement: "All members of the population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the sample?"

A) random sampling
B) rationale sampling
C) scholarly sampling
D) none of these

Question 11

Which of the following describes systematic sampling?

A) It is more practical but less relevant.
B) It only exists in quantitative research.
C) It is persuasive and authoritative.
D) none of these

Question 12

Which of the following is true of nonprobability sampling methods?

A) They plan for systematic development.
B) They lack randomization.
C) They plan systematic approaches.
D) They occur at the end of the study.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of convenience sampling?

A) It improves education, in general, by incorporating change.
B) It is determined by the participants' location.
C) It is practiced by all qualitative researchers.
D) It emphasizes people/sites that are accessible to the researcher.

Question 14

Which of the following characterizes purposive sampling?

A) It offers comprehensive perspectives.
B) It maximizes educational phenomena.
C) Its cases differ on a characteristic/trait.
D) It is a type of quantitative sampling.

Question 15

The best way to ensure representativeness through probability sampling is ______.

A) simple random sampling
B) stratified random sampling
C) cluster random sampling
D) systematic random sampling

Question 16

A weakness of simple random sampling is that it ______.

A) uses various ideologies
B) does not guarantee subgroup representation
C) depicts little richness and details of the setting
D) focuses on centralized research

Question 17

The first and most important methodological decision in the design of a quantitative study is ______.

A) writing a detailed, written plan
B) selecting specific research site(s)
C) selecting an appropriate sample
D) investigating many topics from different perspectives

Question 18

Quantitative sampling must be ______.

A) specific and limited
B) correct and accurate
C) nonrandom
D) personal

Question 19

What does multistage random sampling do?

A) creates models of questioning
B) conducts brief studies
C) occurs in several phases
D) combines cluster and individual random sampling

Question 20

Which of the following is true of stratified sampling?

A) can only capture limited perspective
B) delineates all populations
C) is not part of quantitative research
D) selects from strata

Question 21

Authors of educational research textbooks always disagree to some extent over ______.

A) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a random procedure or a nonrandom procedure
B) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a simple random procedure or a simple nonrandom procedure
C) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a random cluster procedure or a simple nonrandom procedure
D) whether or not systemic sampling is a valid form of sampling in educational research

Question 22

Which of the following describes a measurement scale?

A) Measurement scales provide the specific values for each participant.
B) Measurement scales are used to select participants.
C) Measurement scales are used to organize data.
D) Measurement scales are important to qualitative research.

Question 23

Intact, existing groups of participants are referred to as ______.

A) strata
B) clusters
C) bunches
D) gangs

Question 24

Which of the following is true of quota sampling?

A) It requires individuals, who meet the researcher's desired qualifications, to be open to payment.
B) It involves a process of selecting a sample based on precise numbers of individuals or groups with specific characteristics.
C) It is often used in small-scale survey research.
D) It is used when time and money are limited.

Question 25

Proportional stratified sampling occurs ______.

A) as a non-probability random sampling process
B) when the identified subgroups in the sample are represented in the exact same proportion in which they exist in the population
C) when the representations of subgroups in the sample are equivalent to one another, as opposed to reflecting the proportions in the population at large
D) when other techniques are too time-consuming

Question 26

A(n) ______ is the distance in the population list between each individual selected for inclusion in the sample.

A) forced interval
B) population interval
C) sampling interval
D) intentional interval

Question 27

______ data are arbitrarily assigned a number to represent each variable, but ______ data are assigned numbers that are no longer arbitrary and have some sort of quantitative meaning.

A) Ordinal; nominal
B) Nominal; ordinal
C) Nominal; interval
D) Interval; nominal

Question 28

A population is symbolized by a ______ in research settings.

A) lowercase n
B) capitalized N
C) lowercase p
D) capitalized P

Question 29

In general, when conducting survey research, it is advisable to survey a minimum of ______ individuals or a minimum of ______ of the population.

A) 100; 50-60%
B) 100; 25-35%
C) 350; 25-35%
D) 350; 10-20%

Question 30

Subgroups are often referred to as ______.

A) population entities
B) sample entities
C) secondary groups
D) strata

Question 31

Which of the following does is true of nonproportional stratified sampling?

A) It is a nonrandom sampling process.
B) It is similar to proportional stratified sampling.
C) It is also known as normalized stratified sampling.
D) The subgroups are not equivalent to one another.

Question 32

Simple random sampling is feasible only if the population from which you are selecting a sample is ______.

A) large
B) small
C) diverse
D) similar

Question 33

Many researchers cite a sample size of ______ as a minimum guideline for correlational, causal-comparative, and true experimental research.

A) 30
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 34

Following appropriate sampling techniques ______ guarantee(s) a representative sample.

A) does
B) does not
C) unanimously
D) quickly

Question 35

A(n) ______ is a group from which the researcher can realistically select subjects.

A) accessible population
B) open population
C) target population
D) selection population

Question 36

A population is which of the following?

A) a very small group of individuals.
B) an unimportant factor in quantitative research.
C) a group of individuals who share the same important characteristics.
D) a group of individuals with unrelated characteristics.

Question 37

A(n) ______is a group of people to whom the researcher would ideally like to generalize the results of the study.

A) accessible population
B) available population
C) target population
D) open population

Question 38

When every kth individual is chosen, this sampling is called ______.

A) stylistic
B) variable
C) systematic
D) focused

Question 39

A ______ scale is the simplest form of measurement and is typically associated with measuring a ______ variable.

A) ordinal; categorical
B) ordinal; continuous
C) nominal; categorical
D) nominal; continuous

Question 40

A sample for the actual study is symbolized by a ______ in research settings.

A) lowercase n
B) capitalized N
C) lowercase p
D) capitalized P

Question 41

Larger samples increase the likelihood of detecting differences between groups.

Question 42

Which of the following describes a Likert question?

A) It begins with a question.
B) It begins with a statement followed by a question.
C) It consists of a specific number of points on the scale.
D) It should never contain a neutral point on the scale.

Question 43

Variables that are measured on equal ______ scales may be appropriately subject to a wide variety of statistical analysis techniques.

A) ordinal
B) nominal
C) categorical
D) interval

Question 44

Comparisons between subgroups do not need to be differentiated with demographic questions.

Question 45

The larger the population size means the sample should be larger as well.

Question 46

Individuals chosen to participate in a study because of a particular purpose would be part of convenience sampling.

Question 47

There are four categories of survey questions: demographic, attitudinal, behavioral, and knowledge.

Question 48

Ordinal scales rank variables in order of the degree to which they possess the characteristics being measured.

Question 49

Quantitative data are more efficient than qualitative data.

Question 50

There are three types of measurement scales: ordinal, ratio, and interval.

Question 51

Individuals who meet the desired qualifications for a study might be chosen with snowball sampling.

Question 52

Sometimes randomly selecting people to participate in a study is just not feasible.

Question 53

Ratio scales have a true zero point.

Question 54

All variables in quantitative studies must be represented by numerical values.

Question 55

Surveys administered in written form are specifically known as ______.

A) questionnaires
B) tests
C) rating scales
D) response books

Question 56

There are six nonrandom sampling techniques utilized in quantitative research.

Question 57

______ provide an estimate of a person's ability to perform at some time in the future or in a different situation.

A) Intelligence tests
B) Interest inventories
C) Norm-referenced tests
D) Aptitude tests

Question 58

All quantitative sampling takes place before the study begins.

Question 59

Nearly anything that can be quantified can be considered quantitative data

Question 60

A decision all researchers must make is exactly what defines an appropriate sample size in a quantitative study.

Question 61

Standardized tests exist in a wide variety, ranging in type, purpose, and resulting data (i.e., scores).

Question 62

Describe one type of random sampling in quantitative research.

Question 63

Explain the quantitative researcher's role in data analysis.

Question 64

Describe probability sampling techniques.

Question 65

What is reliability and what is validity?

Question 66

Explain how researchers decide what type of sampling to use in quantitative studies.

Question 67

Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of using cluster sampling.

Question 68

The focus of educational research studies can be on student learning.

Question 69

Surveys may not be administered verbally.

Question 70

Describe a measurement scale.

Question 71

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using formative and summative assessments.

Question 72

Explain why experts disagree about the appropriateness of including a neutral point on a rating scale.

Question 73

Describe the strengths of quantitative data collection and analysis.

Question 74

What is the difference between purposive sampling and convenience sampling?

Question 75

Give an example of variables that are associated with each type of measurement scale.

Question 76

List and describe the four types of measurement scales.

Question 77

Ordinal scales have a true zero point.

Question 78

Explain the rationale for the sample size in quantitative research.

Question 79

Describe the weaknesses of quantitative data collection and analysis.