Deck 2: The Leader-Follower Relationship

Question 1

According to Ralph Stogdill,leadership is a working relationship among members of a group.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the two qualitatively different theoretical perspectives of trust in leadership,trust is a belief or perception held by the follower and is measured accordingly.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Affective commitment reflects a relationship that exists because one perceives that he/she "ought" to maintain the relationship.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory,the majority of followers are in-group members.

Question 5

Transformational leaders focus more effort on ensuring that employees are rewarded fairly and that followers recognize that they will fulfill the work contract.

Question 6

Leader-Member Exchange was redefined in 1975 and relabeled as Vertical Dyad Linkage.

Question 7

The leader commonly expects more from in-group members than out-group members.

Question 8

When followers believe their leaders have integrity,capability or benevolence,they will be more comfortable engaging in behaviors that put them at risk.

Question 9

A leader's past successes (failures) influence the trust that followers place in the leader.

Question 10

Procedural fairness demonstrates respect for the employee and a valuation of the relationship.

Question 11

In the case of internalization,the relationship between the leader and follower is highly integrated and possessive in nature.

Question 12

Out-group members are more likely to focus on procedural justice rather than on distributive justice.

Question 13

Equal distribution of rewards totally avoids inequity perceptions.

Question 14

Lagace,Castleberry,and Ridnour found that out-group members were higher on motivational factors and evaluations of their bosses and experienced less role-related stress when compared to in-group members.

Question 15

The differentiation process of in-groups and out-groups is not discrepant with the concept of organizational justice.

Question 16

,the weakest level of psychological tie is compliance in nature,in which two parties are connected because the costs that they incur are offset by the benefits that are received.

Question 17

The first test of the leader by the member is usually his/her delegation skills with members.

Question 18

In-group members are more likely to file grievances than out-group members.

Question 19

Research indicates that direct leaders tend to perform supervisory activities,such as managing performance and day-to-day activities on the job.

Question 20

Participative decision making may send a message that the leader enacting the program has confidence in,and concern and respect for,the subordinate.

Question 21

Out-group members may be more likely to focus on _____ justice than in-group members.

A)interactional
B)organizational
C)procedural
D)distributive

Question 22

From a distributive justice perspective,LMX is _____ based.

A)performance
B)equity
C)status
D)power

Question 23

According to O'Reilly and Chatman,at the weakest level,each party to the leader and follower relationship is connected simply because the costs that they incur are offset by the benefits that are received.This weakest level of relationship is depicted by:

A)identification.
B)internalization.
C)compliance.
D)psychological ownership.

Question 24

According to O'Reilly and Chatman,when a relationship is based on a(n) ____,there is a pride in affiliation and one's personal identity is expressed and enhanced as a result of the relationship that the leader has with his/her followers,and that the follower has with the leader.

A)compliance
B)internalization
C)identification
D)affection

Question 25

In 1989,Meindl noted that the most frequently used alternative to equity is:

A)parity.
B)power.
C)justice.
D)status.

Question 26

Kurt T.Dirks defines _____ as "an expectation or belief that the team can rely on the leader's actions or words and that the leader has good intentions toward the team."

A)power
B)status
C)fairness
D)trust

Question 27

This form of commitment reflects a relationship that is based on "need." The costs associated with leaving the relationship are too great,and as a consequence,the individual maintains his/her relationship with the target in question.

A)Normative
B)Continuance
C)Defective
D)Affective

Question 28

_____ has recently been defined as the unique relationship-based social exchange between leaders and members.

A)In-group/out-group role identification
B)Organizational citizenship behavior
C)Vertical didactic linkage
D)Leader-member exchange

Question 29

On which factor should work group differentiation into in-groups and out-groups be based?

A)Power
B)Race
C)Performance
D)Gender

Question 30

According to O'Reilly and Chatman,in the case of _____,the relationship between the leader and follower is highly integrative and possessive in nature.The leader views the follower as "my follower" and the follower views the leader as "my leader".

A)psychological ownership
B)compliance
C)normative ownership
D)internalization

Question 31

According to Cropanzano and Folger,_____ justice is defined as the individual's perception that the outcomes that they receive are fair.

A)procedural
B)distributive
C)interactional
D)organizational

Question 32

_____ justice suggests that as long as a leader is perceived as fair by all work unit members,then a fair exchange of inputs to rewards might be maintained for all members of the work unit.

A)Procedural
B)Distributive
C)Interactional
D)Organizational

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true about procedural justice?

A)A decision will be accepted by subordinates if distributive justice is followed,even if procedural justice is not followed as per the expectations of the subordinates.
B)Procedural justice is defined as the individual's perception that the outcomes that they receive are fair.
C)Distributive,organizational,and interactional justice are distinct aspects of procedural justice.
D)Leaders who are perceived as procedurally fair are rated favorably by subordinates even when resource allocation is unequal.

Question 34

Suppose a member is asked to perform a task that he/she feels is beyond the formal job description.The likely responses to the request are listed below.Which of the following can be considered a procedural justice response?

A)Complete the task without questions,but expect a reward.
B)Not do the task or do it poorly because it is not in the job description and he/she is not compensated for it.
C)File a grievance because the leader has asked for an inappropriate task for his/her level.
D)Ask the leader for an explanation regarding why he/she has been asked to perform the task.

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of procedural justice?

A)Pay increases
B)Promotions
C)Challenging work assignments
D)The degree of voice the person has in decision making

Question 36

With reference to the LMX theory,which of the following statements is true about in-group and out-group members?

A)Out-group members receive more work-related benefits in comparison to in-group members.
B)Out-group members are likely to exercise more influence or control over group activities than in-group members.
C)In-group members receive more attention and support from the leader than out-group members.
D)In-group members are more likely to file grievances than out-group members.

Question 37

_____ commitment represents an attachment that stems from wanting to be in the relationship because it produces positive emotion.

A)Normative
B)Continuance
C)Defective
D)Affective

Question 38

According to O'Reilly and Chatman,an extremely strong psychological tie can be depicted by _____ and psychological ownership.

A)compliance
B)internalization
C)identification
D)affection

Question 39

_____ commitment reflects a relationship that exists because one perceives that he/she "ought" to maintain the relationship; this connection exists because it is the right thing to do.

A)Normative
B)Continuance
C)Defective
D)Affective

Question 40

_____ justice involves the manner in which organizational justice is communicated by supervisors to followers.

A)Distributive
B)Procedural
C)Interactional
D)Negotiable

Question 41

Which form of trust reflects a special relationship with the referent that may cause the referent to demonstrate concern about one's welfare?

A)Cognitive
B)Normative
C)Affective
D)Distributive

Question 42

Explain affective,normative,and continuance commitments.

Question 43

Describe the distributive and procedural forms of justice with examples.

Question 44

Which of the following is true about the character-based perspective of trust in leadership?

A)Followers see the relationship with their leader as beyond the standard economic contract such that the parties operate on the basis of trust,goodwill,and the perception of mutual obligations.
B)Trust-related concerns about a leader's nature are important because the leader may have authority to make decisions that have a significant impact on the follower's ability to achieve his/her goals.
C)Researchers have used this perspective in describing how trust in leader-follower relationships elicits citizenship behavior.
D)Trust is a property of the relationship and the leader per se and is measured accordingly; it is not a belief or perception held by the follower.

Question 45

_____ form of trust reflects issues such as the reliability,integrity,honesty,and fairness of a referent.

A)Cognitive
B)Normative
C)Affective
D)Distributive

Question 46

Explain the various levels of psychological ties between a leader and a follower as discussed by O'Reilly and Chatman.

Question 47

Explain affective and cognitive forms of interpersonal trusts as discussed by McAllister.

Question 48

According to the text,trust in leadership is most strongly related to:

A)emotional intelligence.
B)work attitudes.
C)citizenship behaviors.
D)job performance.

Question 49

Explain any six differences between in-group and out-group members.

Question 50

suggested that interpersonal trust can be categorized into two different dimensions: cognitive and:

A)normative.
B)distributive.
C)affirmative.
D)affective.