Deck 1: Introduction to Leadership

Question 1

From a sociological perspective,the leadership process is fluid and not static in nature.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An increasing number of management gurus are suggesting that many of today's organizations are undermanaged and overled.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to Albert J.Murphy,the leader does not inject leadership but is the instrumental factor through which the situation is brought to a solution.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Autocratic,democratic,and servant are examples of the thematic perspective of leadership.

Question 5

Leadership situations may be conceived as those in which there exists an obligation or a perceived right on the part of certain individuals to define the reality of others.

Question 6

According to Taoism,a leader is best when people despise and fear him.

Question 7

Most patterns of formal organization institutionalize the emergent characteristics of leadership into roles,rules,and relations that give tangible and enduring form to relationships between leaders and led.

Question 8

found that the leader's initiatives to provide goal orientations within the group led to antagonism,tension,and absenteeism.

Question 9

Leadership as a psychological phenomenon studies the personality and traits of individuals possessing leadership qualities.

Question 10

Perceived legitimacy refers to how followers concede power to leaders in order to avoid punishment.

Question 11

Leadership,when viewed from a psychological perspective,is framed as an interplay and relationship between two or more actors within a particular context.

Question 12

Leadership may actually work against the development of self-responsibility,self-initiative,and self-control,especially when leaders create situations in which individuals are crippled by purposelessness.

Question 13

Individuals look to a leader to frame and concretize their reality,and are incapable of rejecting or changing the reality thus defined.

Question 14

Bandura and Walters used the identification of children with adult models to study leadership.

Question 15

An early element of confusion in the study of leadership was the failure to distinguish it as a process from the leader as a person who occupies a central role in that process.

Question 16

When a group situation embodies competing definitions of reality,no clear pattern of leadership evolves.

Question 17

While leadership,self-confidence,ascendancy,and other traits and attitudes,carry over from one situation to another,it is not because the situations are identical to one another,rather these traits are fixed qualities in people.

Question 18

According to Hollander and Julian,the main focus of the situational approach was the study of leaders in different settings,defined especially in terms of different group tasks and group structure.

Question 19

The informal role of leadership occurs when an emergent leader arises from a set of dynamics,rather than being officially assigned.

Question 20

The study of leadership started with the assumption that it was a phenomenon embedded in the follower,as opposed to within the leader.

Question 21

Though leadership events were seen as outcomes of a relationship that implicates the leader,the led,and their shared situation,studies conducted within the situational approach usually left the _____ of leadership unattended.

A)context
B)qualities
C)process
D)shortcomings

Question 22

The situation surrounding a leader-follower relationship is called _____.

A)environment
B)outcome
C)process
D)context

Question 23

One of the deficiencies of the older approach to leadership was its acceptance of:

A)"leader" as a relatively homogeneous role.
B)the follower as a decisive member.
C)the environment as a dynamic factor.
D)the importance of the situational context.

Question 24

Leadership is an element in a group situation which,when made conscious and controlling,brings about a new situation that is:

A)unsuitable for the growth of dependency relationships.
B)difficult for members of the group to understand.
C)more satisfying to the group as a whole.
D)detrimental to group dynamics.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of leadership from the thematic perspective?

A)Self-leadership
B)Community-level leadership
C)Coleadership
D)Strategic leadership

Question 26

Leadership,like other social phenomena,is socially constructed through _____,emerging as a result of the constructions and actions of both leaders and led.

A)subjugation
B)interaction
C)election
D)trickery

Question 27

According to Manz and Sims,this type of leadership will represent the transformation from the "follow me" leader to the leader who engages in leading others to lead themselves and thus the attainment of self-leadership.

A)Futuristic leadership
B)SuperLeadership
C)Contingency leadership
D)Transformational leadership

Question 28

The institutionalization of symbols as the tools for leadership,such as the leadership provided in absentia by Buddha,Jesus Christ,and Muhammad,is indicative of _____ leadership.

A)organizational
B)self-
C)symbolic
D)strategic

Question 29

Which definition of leadership positions the leader as the hub,nucleus,or pivotal point for group activities?

A)Leadership as a focus of group processes
B)Leadership as an emerging effect of interaction
C)Leadership as an instrument of goal achievement
D)Leadership as a locus of group control

Question 30

Respect for an able leader's decisions,goal attainment,and customer satisfaction are examples of _____.

A)outcomes
B)processes
C)context
D)environment

Question 31

By adopting a(n) _____ approach,the leader,the led and the situation defined broadly,are seen as interdependent inputs variously engaged toward the production of desired outputs.

A)resource
B)organizational
C)input
D)systems

Question 32

According to Albert Murphy,leadership:

A)is embedded in the traits of the individual.
B)is psychological in nature.
C)is sociological in nature.
D)cannot be taught.

Question 33

Kurt Lewin's attention to the "social climates" created by several styles of leadership led to the evolution of the _____ approach to leadership.

A)situational approach
B)psychological approach
C)justice approach
D)spiritual approach

Question 34

During the first part of the twenty-first century,leadership scholars have demonstrated a strong interest in _____ leadership.

A)charismatic and transformational
B)egalitarian
C)strategic
D)thematic

Question 35

The role of a leader in a learning organization is that of a teacher,steward and _____.

A)designer
B)delegator
C)communicator
D)officiator

Question 36

Which concept suggests that a person's potential to be influential arises out of the positive dispositions others hold toward him?

A)Influence implication concept
B)Interaction credence
C)Idiosyncrasy credit
D)Capacity capability model

Question 37

_____ writings emphasized the importance of setting a moral example and using rewards and punishment as leadership tools.

A)Greek
B)Japanese
C)Confucian
D)Taoist

Question 38

Which theory of leadership emphasized that leaders are "born" with a set of personal qualities that destined them to be great?

A)Biological capacity theory
B)Environmental theory
C)Situational theory
D)Great Man theory

Question 39

A leader who "gets the work done" is said to be _____.

A)handy
B)efficient
C)just
D)careful

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true regarding the changes in the study of leadership processes?

A)The study of the leadership situation is based entirely on group tasks.
B)The leader is viewed purely as one who "initiates structure" within the group.
C)Leadership is studied as a relationship between the leader and the led that is built over time.
D)Contemporary studies of leadership place less emphasis on the impact of leadership on group success.

Question 41

Highlight the components of the leadership process and describe their interconnections.

Question 42

Is it important for followers to identify with leaders? Explain.

Question 43

Leadership is a figure-ground relationship which creates figure-ground relationships.Explain.

Question 44

as a dominant characteristic of the _____.

A)contemporary personality
B)bureaucratic personality
C)autocratic personality
D)democratic personality

Question 45

Leadership is by nature dialectical,meaning that it is:

A)beneficial for the leader only.
B)beneficial for both the leader and the led.
C)shaped through the interactions of at least two points of reference.
D)shaped through the interactions of at least three points of reference.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true regarding leadership as a phenomenon?

A)Leadership is essentially a psychological process.
B)Leadership involves a process of defining reality in ways that are suitable to the needs of the leader.
C)Leadership involves an element of independence,in which members define their own reality.
D)The emergence of formal leadership roles represents an additional stage of institutionalization,in which rights and obligations to define the nature of experience and activity are recognized and formalized.

Question 47

Briefly explain leadership in formalized settings.

Question 48

Leadership,according to Smircich and Morgan,is a process of _____.

A)power-based reality construction
B)manipulating rewards
C)acting and behaving
D)imposing power

Question 49

_____ can be defined as a source of tension in the group situation that may set the basis for change of an innovative or disintegrative kind.

A)Distress
B)Disillusion
C)Framing experience
D)Counterreality

Question 50

Describe some of the alternative conceptualizations of leadership.