Deck 1: An Introduction to Biology

Question 1

A flower on a plant represents which level of organization?

A)atom
B)cell
C)organ
D)organism
E)population

Answer 1

C

Question 2

New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of

A)metabolic events.
B)genetic mutations.
C)proteomes.
D)reproductive events.
E)developmental events.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A variety of finch species within the Hawaiian Islands have acquired different types of beaks needed for utilizing specific food resources.What is the likely process by which these different species of finches came about?

A)vertical descent with mutation
B)horizontal gene transfer
C)an accumulation of harmful genetic mutations

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Plant photosynthesis and the consumption of plants by animals is best explained by what unifying principle of life?

A)All living organisms have evolved over the course of many generations.
B)All living organisms are composed of similar structures.
C)All living organisms maintain some level of homeostasis.
D)All living organisms maintain organization.
E)All living organisms use energy.

Question 5

A community of organisms interacting with their physical environment is a(n)

A)population.
B)organism.
C)biosphere.
D)ecosystem.
E)macromolecular community.

Question 6

Changes in ________ represent the predominant cause for biological evolution.

A)homeostasis
B)growth and development
C)reproduction
D)genetic makeup
E)energy

Question 7

In the process of biological evolution,new species may evolve through exchange of genes from one species to another.This process is called

A)proteome transfer.
B)horizontal gene transfer.
C)vertical evolution.
D)vertical descent with mutation.
E)genomic sciences.

Question 8

A researcher at sea discovers an island that contains a large number of boa constrictors and few other species.In order to determine why so many boa constrictors dominate the habitat the researcher would need to focus at the level of a(n)

A)cell.
B)organ.
C)organism.
D)population.
E)ecosystem.

Question 9

Molecules are made up of ____.

A)atoms
B)cells
C)organs
D)organisms
E)populations

Question 10

Proteins are largely responsible for the traits of living organisms while ________ provides the blueprint for the organization,development and function of living things.

A)DNA
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)lipid
E)metabolite

Question 11

Which is the simplest of all levels of organization?

A)atom
B)cell
C)organ
D)organism
E)population

Question 12

When cells in an organism associate with each other they form

A)atoms.
B)molecules.
C)macromolecules.
D)tissues.
E)populations.

Question 13

What feature of genetic mutations can eventually lead to the evolution of new species?

A)Mutations always produce harmful effects.
B)Mutations never affect protein structure or function.
C)Mutations are not a mechanism through which biological evolution occurs.
D)Mutations always produce beneficial effects.
E)Mutations produce changes in the DNA sequence of a genE.

Question 14

How does evolutionary change occur?

A)Through the modification of characteristics in a preexisting population.
B)It may involve vertical descent with mutation.
C)It may involve horizontal gene transfer.
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 15

Which level of organization includes all of the others in the list?

A)cell
B)tissue
C)organ
D)organism
E)population

Question 16

The phenomenon through which populations of organisms change over several generations is termed

A)homeostasis.
B)growth and development.
C)reproduction.
D)biological evolution.
E)organization.

Question 17

The grouping or classification of species is termed

A)genus.
B)kingdom.
C)taxonomy.

Question 18

Which level of organization is common to all life forms?

A)cell
B)tissue
C)organ
D)organism
E)population

Question 19

Whether the external temperature is hot or cold,birds maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 40 ^$\circ$ C.This is an example of

A)metabolism.
B)cellular respiration.
C)growth and development.
D)homeostasis.
E)proteomics.

Question 20

A plant will begin flowering in response to changes in length of daylight,temperature and light quality.This is an example of which unifying principle of life?

A)Plants conduct photosynthesis
B)Living organisms maintain homeostasis
C)Living organisms interact with their environment
D)Living organisms grow and develop
E)Populations of organisms evolve from one generation to the next

Question 21

If a scientist were studying the role of different proteins in the regulation of insulin secretion from a pancreatic cell,they would be studying

A)genomics.
B)proteomics.
C)cell biology.
D)both genomics and proteomics.
E)both proteomics and cell biology.

Question 22

Vertical evolution,whereby living organisms evolve from a common ancestor ("tree of life"),is the only mechanism of evolution on Earth.

Question 23

All organisms in the Kingdom ____ can perform photosynthesis.

A)Animalia
B)Protista
C)Fungi
D)Plantae
E)Bacteria

Question 24

Which domain of life contains the most multicellular organisms?

A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Prokarya
D)Eukarya
E)Microorganisms

Question 25

An explanation for a biological process that is substantiated by a large body of evidence is called a

A)hypothesis.
B)theory.
C)systems biology.
D)reductionism.
E)prediction.

Question 26

All tissues are composed of cells.

Question 27

All genetic mutations are harmful to an organism.

Question 28

The capacity to maintain a fairly constant body temperature is a homeostatic process.

Question 29

Which is responsible for encoding the proteins found in a cell?

A)genome
B)proteome
C)cytoskeleton
D)evolution
E)extracellular proteins

Question 30

When considering nomenclature for scientific names,what is the difference between the two primates,Homo sapiens and Homo erectus?

A)One is a primate but the other is not.
B)They are animals of a different kingdom.
C)They are animals of a different order.
D)They are animals of a different species.
E)They are animals of a different genus.

Question 31

Collecting data without a specific hypothesis in mind is called

A)reductionism.
B)hypothesis testing.
C)discovery-based science.
D)theoretical.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

Little scientific evidence is necessary when formulating a theory.

Question 33

The proteome,rather than genome,is most directly responsible for the structure,function,and appearance of organisms.

Question 34

A community is composed of different populations of animals and plants.

Question 35

A bacterial infection such as pneumonia is most likely caused by organisms derived from the kingdom fungi.

Question 36

The complete genetic composition of an organism is called its

A)proteome.
B)genome.
C)transcriptosome.
D)phenotype.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Our species is called Homo sapiens.The first word refers to which taxonomical grouping?

A)Kingdom
B)Phylum
C)Order
D)Genus
E)Species

Question 38

When grouping organisms,which classification is most general for a particular type of organism?

A)Kingdom
B)Phylum
C)Order
D)Family
E)Species

Question 39

A defining characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is the lack of a cell membrane in prokaryotes.

Question 40

The modification of a limb that was used for walking in a pre-existing ancestor to one that is used as a wing for a species today is called proteomics.

Question 41

What is the appropriate order of stages needed to investigate whether maple trees drop their leaves in the autumn because of colder days?
(1)Maple trees are grown in 2 greenhouses where the only variable is temperature (15 ^$\circ$ C vs.10 ^$\circ$ C).
(2)The hypothesis is rejected.
(3)There is no statistical difference in the number of leaves dropped at 10 ^$\circ$ C as compared to 15 ^$\circ$ C.
(4)The observation is that maple trees drop their leaves in autumn.
(5)The hypothesis is that maple trees drop their leaves because of colder temperatures.

A)1,2,3,4,5
B)3,4,5,1,2
C)5,4,3,1,2
D)4,5,1,3,2
E)3,4,2,1,5

Question 42

When performing hypothesis testing,the steps that most accurately describe the process you must go through include (check all that apply)
_____ Creation of a natural phenomena
__X__ Analyze data to accept or reject hypothesis
__X__ Observation of a natural phenomena
_____ Predictions of theory develop from observations
__X__ Creation of hypothesis to explain phenomena
__X__ Design experiment to determine if predictions are correct

Question 43

What is the most likely explanation for a group of crocodiles having acquired lower incubation temperatures giving rise to male crocodiles?

A)Horizontal gene transfer from a related species has introduced changes in this group's genome
B)Horizontal gene transfer from a related species has introduced changes in this group's proteome
C)One or more mutations in the genome have been passed through the group by vertical descent
D)One or more mutations in the proteome have been passed through the group by vertical descent

Question 44

A researcher tests the hypothesis that large,daily doses of vitamin C help protect against catching the common cold.What would be the best experimental and control group to test this hypothesis?

A)Experimental group: takes a large dose of vitamin C daily;
Control group: takes nothing
B)Experimental group: people with a cold are administered vitamin C daily;
Control group: people without a cold are not administered vitamin C
C)Experimental group: takes a large dose of vitamin C daily;
Control group: takes a large weekly dose of vitamin C
D)Experimental group: takes a large,daily dose of vitamin C;

Question 45

The researcher determines that an average nest incubation temperature of 32 - 33 ^$\circ$ C results in the birth of male crocodiles while higher and lower incubation temperatures result in female crocodiles.What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

A)Incubation temperature results in a change in the crocodilian genome
B)Incubation temperature results in a change in the crocodilian proteome
C)Since this phenomenon is influenced by an external stimuli (temperature),it cannot be attributed to changes in either the genome or the proteome
D)Incubation temperature changes both the crocodilian genome and proteome

Question 46

Discovery-based science and hypothesis testing are the two major scientific approaches that help us understand biology.

Question 47

"All living organisms are composed of cells" is best related to what kind of scientific statement?

A)Hypothesis.
B)Theory.
C)Discovery.
D)Prediction.
E)Fact.

Question 48

The maintenance of cell structure requires energy.

Question 49

What is a valid,testable prediction based on this hypothesis?

A)Male crocodiles will prefer temperatures of 32 - 33 ^$\circ$ C
B)Incubation of any crocodile egg at 32 ^$\circ$ C will result in a male crocodile
C)Male eggs will hatch at 32 ^$\circ$ C while female eggs will not hatch at 32 ^$\circ$ C
D)Male eggs will be more fragile than female eggs
E)Crocodiles arrange the gender of offspring by manipulating incubation temperatures

Question 50

A journal article that you are reading explains the difference between DNA sequences of a species of plant that is found in diverse environments.These sequences lead to structural change in the size of the flowers due to environmental differences.The areas of science incorporated in this article include (check all that apply)
__X__ Genetics
__X__ Population genetics
__X__ Botany
__X__ Ecology
_____ Microbiology

Question 51

A wristwatch suddenly stops working.After replacing the battery,the watch starts working again.Which statement correctly describes the situation from the perspective of the scientific method?

A)This proves that a dead battery was the reason the wristwatch stopped working.
B)This substantiates the theory that all wristwatches require functional batteries.
C)This is consistent with the hypothesis that a dead battery caused the wristwatch to stop working.
D)This leads to the prediction that a battery is required for wristwatch operation.

Question 52

Researchers find a group of crocodiles where an expanded incubation temperature gives rise to male crocodiles.This particular group of crocodiles hatch male crocodiles even with incubation temperatures as low as 29 ^$\circ$ C.What type of scientific approach has led to this observation?

A)Discovery-based science
B)Hypothesis testing
C)Theoretical testing
D)Scientific method

Question 53

A scientist isolates a single celled organism from the bottom of a sulfur hot spring.When examined under the microscope,it is clear that the cell is very small and contains no nucleus.Based on this evidence alone,in what domain of life is this organism?

A)Eukarya
B)Bacteria
C)Archaea
D)Either bacteria or archaea
E)It is impossible to determine anything based on this evidence alone

Question 54

The order that best fits the way in which you would conduct the five stages of scientific method would be
-Confirm or reject hypothesis
-Design experiment with predictions
-Survey a natural phenomena
-Create hypothesis