Deck 4: Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

A nutrient binds to receptors near the basal body.This will result in

A)clockwise rotation of flagella.
B)counterclockwise rotation of flagella.
C)inhibition of flagella rotation.
D)numerous tumbles.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

A)amphitrichous.
B)atrichous.
C)lophotrichous.
D)monotrichous.
E)peritrichous.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

During the Gram stain,gram-_____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A)positive
B)negative
C)Both positive and negative are correct.
D)Neither positive nor negative are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

A)fimbriae.
B)a capsule.
C)thylakoids.
D)flagella.
E)metachromatic granules.

Question 5

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

A)ribosomes.
B)inclusions.
C)cell wall.
D)cell membrane.
E)flagella.

Question 6

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is

A)amphitrichous.
B)atrichous.
C)lophotrichous.
D)monotrichous.
E)peritrichous.

Question 7

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is

A)amphitrichous.
B)atrichous.
C)lophotrichous.
D)monotrichous.
E)peritrichous.

Question 8

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

A)alcohol/acetone,crystal violet,safranin,iodine
B)crystal violet,alcohol/acetone,iodine,safranin
C)crystal violet,iodine,alcohol/acetone,safranin
D)iodine,safranin,crystal violet,alcohol/acetone
E)alcohol/acetone,safranin,crystal violet,iodine

Question 9

The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the

A)hook.
B)outer membrane.
C)cell wall.
D)peptidoglycan layer.
E)cell membrane.

Question 10

The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the cell membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane.

A)glycocalyx
B)envelope
C)pathogenic package
D)slime coat

Question 11

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 12

The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment.They are

A)filament,hook,and basal body.
B)filament,basal body,and hook.
C)basal body,hook,and filament.
D)hook,basal body,and filament.
E)basal body,filament,and hook.

Question 13

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 14

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)pili.

Question 15

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to

A)move in response to light.
B)move in response to a chemical.
C)not move in response to a chemical.
D)transport desired molecules into a cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

A)Its DNA is not encased in a membrane.
B)It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals.
C)It does not have membrane-bound organelles.
D)Its DNA is wrapped around histones.
E)It is unicellular.

Question 17

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

A)flagella.
B)cilia.
C)fimbriae.
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
E)sex pili.

Question 18

Movement of a cell toward OR away from a chemical stimulus is termed:

A)phototaxis.
B)taxis.
C)chemotaxis.
D)tumble.
E)motility.

Question 19

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

A)slime layer
B)fimbriae
C)cell membrane
D)capsule

Question 20

The two functions of bacterial appendages are

A)attachment and protection.
B)attachment and motility.
C)motility and slime production.
D)energy reactions and synthesis.
E)protection and motility.

Question 21

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the

A)endospore.
B)cell wall.
C)cell membrane.
D)capsule.
E)slime layer.

Question 22

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxins?

A)are specific bacterial cell wall lipids
B)can stimulate fever in the human body
C)can cause septic shock in the human body
D)involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
E)found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Question 23

All bacterial cells have

A)one or more chromosomes.
B)one or more fimbriae.
C)the ability to produce endospores.
D)capsules.
E)flagella.

Question 24

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is

A)more peptidoglycan.
B)predominance of unique,waxy lipids.
C)easily decolorized.
D)presence of lipopolysaccharide.

Question 25

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

A)cell walls.
B)cell membranes.
C)capsules.
D)slime layers.
E)inclusions.

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A)The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B)The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C)The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D)Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
E)The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

Question 27

Lysozyme is most effective against

A)gram-negative organisms.
B)gram-positive organisms.
C)mycoplasmas.
D)cyanobacteria.
E)archaea.

Question 28

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

A)gram-negative bacteria.
B)gram-positive bacteria.
C)acid-fast bacteria.
D)mycoplasmas.
E)protoplasts.

Question 29

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

A)gram-negative.
B)gram-positive.
C)a protoplast.
D)a spheroplast.
E)acid-fast.

Question 30

The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)cell wall.
D)inclusions.
E)cell membrane.

Question 31

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

A)acid-fast
B)methylene blue
C)endospore
D)negative
E)basic

Question 32

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)ribosomes - protein synthesis
B)inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials
C)plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism
D)nucleoid - hereditary material
E)cytoplasm - dense,gelatinous solution

Question 33

The enzyme _____,that is found in tears and saliva,can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

A)penicillinase
B)lysozyme
C)peptidase
D)kinase

Question 34

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.

A)Mycolic acid
B)Outer membrane protein
C)Peptidoglycan
D)Lysozyme

Question 35

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be

A)material would not be able to cross the cell membrane.
B)protein synthesis would stop.
C)destruction of the cell's DNA.
D)formation of glycogen inclusions.
E)loss of capsule.

Question 36

The bacterial chromosome

A)is located in the cell membrane.
B)contains all the cell's plasmids.
C)is part of the nucleoid.
D)forms a single linear strand of DNA.

Question 37

Gram-negative organisms

A)are more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive organisms.
B)have a more complex wall with a greater variation in chemical composition.
C)stain purple in the Gram stain.
D)encompass all pathogens.

Question 38

A few antibiotics target cell membranes of cells,blocking the incorporation of chemicals into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

A)Bacteria would be unaffected by those specific antibiotics (with very few exceptions).
B)An antibiotic with that kind of action would be an excellent destroyer of bacterial cells.
C)This kind of antibiotic class would destroy viruses only.
D)Only eukaryotic cells are affected by this group of antibiotics.

Question 39

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

A)Mycobacterium.
B)Mycoplasma.
C)Streptococcus.
D)Corynebacterium.
E)Salmonella.

Question 40

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the

A)inclusions.
B)fimbriae.
C)capsule.
D)slime layer.
E)outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Question 41

An irregular cluster of spherical cells is termed:

A)palisades.
B)sarcina.
C)staphylococcus.
D)streptococcus.
E)spirilla.

Question 42

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

A)specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens.
B)methods to identify cell enzymes.
C)the analysis of the appearance of colonies.
D)a microscope to determine cell morphology.
E)the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations.

Question 43

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___.

A)pili;ribosomes
B)fimbrae;capsules
C)lipopolysaccharides;techoic acids
D)actin filaments;phospholipid membranes
E)endospores;metachromatic granules

Question 44

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

A)cell wall
B)capsule
C)slime layer
D)nucleoid
E)endospore

Question 45

Magnetosomes are

A)infoldings of the cell membrane.
B)termed metachromatic granules.
C)responsible for the heat resistance of endospores.
D)composed of magnetic iron oxide particles.
E)found in all bacteria.

Question 46

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt to grow.This is an example of an archaebacterium described as a/n

A)osmophile.
B)halophile.
C)thermophile.
D)psychrophile.
E)barophile.

Question 47

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)methanogens - convert CO₂ and H₂ gases into methane
B)extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats
C)psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures
D)hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures
E)thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments

Question 48

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls
B)Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls
C)Tenericutes - waxy,acid-fast cell walls
D)Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls

Question 49

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and

A)mRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)xRNA

Question 50

A client has a serious respiratory infection.A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood.The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be

A)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
B)Borrelia burgdorferi.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
E)Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 51

At present,the most accurate indicator of evolutionary relatedness among organisms is to determine the

A)size of the periplasmic space.
B)similarities of cell membrane proteins.
C)size of the bacterial chromosome.
D)nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.
E)size of the ribosomes.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

A)rRNA sequence
B)shape
C)culture behavior
D)biochemical reaction

Question 53

Endospores are

A)metabolically inactive.
B)resistant to heat and chemical destruction.
C)resistant to destruction by radiation.
D)living structures.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

A)Pasteur's
B)Lister's
C)Bergey's
D)Leeuwenhoek's
E)Koch's

Question 55

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a

A)streptobacillus.
B)Staphylobacillus.
C)streptococcus.
D)staphylococcus.
E)palisade.

Question 56

The function of bacterial endospores is

A)conversion of gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants.
B)reproduction and growth.
C)protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
D)storage of excess cell materials.
E)as sites for photosynthesis.

Question 57

Bacterial endospores are produced by

A)Staphylococcus.
B)Entamoeba.
C)Bacillus.
D)Mycoplasma.

Question 58

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A)coccus
B)tetrad
C)vibrio
D)bacillus
E)spirochete

Question 59

Plasmids

A)are found in all bacteria.
B)are essential for survival.
C)cannot be passed between organisms.
D)cannot be passed on to progeny.
E)often carry genes controlling pathogenicity.

Question 60

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other,forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

A)tetrad
B)strep
C)staph
D)sarcina
E)palisade

Question 61

If you observe rod-shaped,pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained,you can assume that their cell envelope contains endotoxin.

Question 62

Spirochetes are able to move due to

A)a periplasmic flagellum.
B)a membrane-bound flagellum.
C)cilia serving as walking feet.
D)pseudopods.
E)glycocalyx for gliding motility.

Question 63

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?

A)Streptoccocus pyogenes
B)Staphylococcus epidermidis
C)Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
D)Escherichia coli
E)Staphylococcus auricularis

Question 64

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Question 65

The prokaryotic cell membrane is made of the same materials as the eukaryotic cell membrane.

Question 66

The slime layer gives bacteria a greater pathogenicity as compared to the capsule.

Question 67

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Question 68

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 69

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

Question 70

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Question 71

Syphilis is caused by a spirochete called

A)Proteus vulgaris.
B)Chlamydia trachomatis.
C)Treponema pallidum.
D)Staphylococcus aureus.
E)Bacillus anthracis.

Question 72

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Question 73

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Question 74

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Question 75

If during the Gram stain procedure the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied,gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Question 76

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Question 77

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

Question 78

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

Question 79

Prokaryotes include bacteria and viruses.

Question 80

The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.