Question 1

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili. 
A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili. D

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides. 
B) The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer. 
C) The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane. 
D) Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. 
E) The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin. 
A) The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides. 
B) The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer. 
C) The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane. 
D) Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. 
E) The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin. D

Question 3

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___.

Accepted Answer

A) pili;ribosomes 
B) fimbrae;capsules 
C) lipopolysaccharides;techoic acids 
D) actin filaments;phospholipid membranes 
E) endospores;metachromatic granules 
A) pili;ribosomes 
B) fimbrae;capsules 
C) lipopolysaccharides;techoic acids 
D) actin filaments;phospholipid membranes 
E) endospores;metachromatic granules B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A) Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. 
B) It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. 
C) It does not have membrane-bound organelles. 
D) Its DNA is wrapped around histones. 
E) It is unicellular. 
A) Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. 
B) It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. 
C) It does not have membrane-bound organelles. 
D) Its DNA is wrapped around histones. 
E) It is unicellular.

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) methanogens - convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane 
B) extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C) psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D) hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures 
E) thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments 
A) methanogens - convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane 
B) extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C) psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D) hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures 
E) thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments

Question 6

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili. 
A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili.

Question 7

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other,forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

Accepted Answer

A) tetrad 
B) strep 
C) staph 
D) sarcina 
E) palisade 
A) tetrad 
B) strep 
C) staph 
D) sarcina 
E) palisade

Question 8

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxins?

Accepted Answer

A) are specific bacterial cell wall lipids 
B) can stimulate fever in the human body 
C) can cause septic shock in the human body 
D) involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases 
E) found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls 
A) are specific bacterial cell wall lipids 
B) can stimulate fever in the human body 
C) can cause septic shock in the human body 
D) involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases 
E) found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Question 9

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol/acetone,crystal violet,safranin,iodine 
B) crystal violet,alcohol/acetone,iodine,safranin 
C) crystal violet,iodine,alcohol/acetone,safranin 
D) iodine,safranin,crystal violet,alcohol/acetone 
E) alcohol/acetone,safranin,crystal violet,iodine 
A) alcohol/acetone,crystal violet,safranin,iodine 
B) crystal violet,alcohol/acetone,iodine,safranin 
C) crystal violet,iodine,alcohol/acetone,safranin 
D) iodine,safranin,crystal violet,alcohol/acetone 
E) alcohol/acetone,safranin,crystal violet,iodine

Question 11

You have made a smear of a bacterial culture and have performed the Gram stain on it.Looking at the organism under the microscope,you notice that the cells do not seem to be the dark blue-purple of a gram-positive reaction,but instead are light blue.Your staining procedure was performed correctly.What is your best explanation as to why the bacteria have stained this way?

Accepted Answer

A) There is something in the wall of the bacteria that has affected the uptake of the crystal violet into the cell wall,thereby staining it improperly. 
B) These are mutant bacteria which cannot be stained like other bacteria. 
C) The specimen did not undergo heat fixation before staining: therefore,the primary dye does not stick properly to the wall. 
D) The bacteria were taken from an inappropriate medium and a chemical is interfering with proper staining of the cells. 
A) There is something in the wall of the bacteria that has affected the uptake of the crystal violet into the cell wall,thereby staining it improperly. 
B) These are mutant bacteria which cannot be stained like other bacteria. 
C) The specimen did not undergo heat fixation before staining: therefore,the primary dye does not stick properly to the wall. 
D) The bacteria were taken from an inappropriate medium and a chemical is interfering with proper staining of the cells.

Question 12

Magnetosomes are

Accepted Answer

A) infoldings of the cell membrane. 
B) termed metachromatic granules. 
C) responsible for the heat resistance of endospores. 
D) composed of magnetic iron oxide particles. 
E) found in all bacteria. 
A) infoldings of the cell membrane. 
B) termed metachromatic granules. 
C) responsible for the heat resistance of endospores. 
D) composed of magnetic iron oxide particles. 
E) found in all bacteria.

Question 13

A client has a serious respiratory infection.A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood.The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
B) Borrelia burgdorferi. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
E) Staphylococcus aureus. 
A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
B) Borrelia burgdorferi. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 14

The prokaryotic cell membrane is made of the same materials as the eukaryotic cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.

Accepted Answer

A) Mycolic acid 
B) Outer membrane protein 
C) Peptidoglycan 
D) Lysozyme 
A) Mycolic acid 
B) Outer membrane protein 
C) Peptidoglycan 
D) Lysozyme

Question 16

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

Accepted Answer

A) specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens. 
B) methods to identify cell enzymes. 
C) the analysis of the appearance of colonies. 
D) a microscope to determine cell morphology. 
E) the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations. 
A) specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens. 
B) methods to identify cell enzymes. 
C) the analysis of the appearance of colonies. 
D) a microscope to determine cell morphology. 
E) the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations.

Question 18

All bacterial cells have

Accepted Answer

A) one or more chromosomes. 
B) one or more fimbriae. 
C) the ability to produce endospores. 
D) capsules. 
E) flagella. 
A) one or more chromosomes. 
B) one or more fimbriae. 
C) the ability to produce endospores. 
D) capsules. 
E) flagella.

Question 19

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

Accepted Answer

A) cell walls. 
B) cell membranes. 
C) capsules. 
D) slime layers. 
E) inclusions. 
A) cell walls. 
B) cell membranes. 
C) capsules. 
D) slime layers. 
E) inclusions.

Question 20

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body,germinate,and cause an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other,forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxins?

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Magnetosomes are

A client has a serious respiratory infection.A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood.The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be

The prokaryotic cell membrane is made of the same materials as the eukaryotic cell membrane.

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

All bacterial cells have

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body,germinate,and cause an infectious disease.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _ and _.