Deck 3: Values, Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: The Manager As a Person

Question 1

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are required behaviors of organization members that contribute to organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are behaviors that are not required of organization members but that contribute to and are necessary for organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive advantage.

Question 2

Managers with a low level of emotional intelligence are more likely to effectively control their feelings.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Managers with a high level of emotional intelligence are more likely to understand how they are feeling and why, and they are more able to effectively manage their feelings.

Question 3

Rites of integration transmit common norms and values to organization members.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The most common rites that organizations use to transmit cultural norms and value to their members are rites of passage, of integration, and of enhancement.Rites of integration build and reinforce common bonds among organizational members.

Question 4

Mario is the product manager of Lampshades Ltd.Which of the following, if true, supports the statement that he is sociable, affectionate, outgoing, and friendly?

A)Mario is low on conscientiousness.
B)Mario is low on openness to experience.
C)Mario is high on introversion.
D)Mario is high on extraversion.
E)Mario is low on agreeableness.

Question 5

Low extraversion hinders the possibility of effectiveness and efficiency.

Question 6

The employees of Burger Point enjoy their work very much.This is largely due to their manager, Elise, who is always sympathetic to the needs of her employees and is seldom uncooperative.Elise can be said to be low on the agreeableness continuum.

Question 7

People who are high on negative affectivity are capable of experiencing positive moods.

Question 8

People who tend to be sociable, outgoing, and friendly are low in

A)extraversion.
B)introversion.
C)openness to experience.
D)affiliation.
E)agreeableness.

Question 9

A personal belief or opinion about lifelong goals or objectives is called a terminal value.

Question 10

Craig, a manager at Carzone Ltd., is a very positive individual.He rarely exhibits negative emotions and moods and is always optimistic about himself and others.It can be said that Craig is high on negative affectivity.

Question 11

Satisfied managers are more likely to perform organizational citizenship behaviors than dissatisfied managers.

Question 12

Emotional intelligence helps managers understand and relate well to subordinates and to energize them to aid the organization in attaining its goals.

Question 13

A high need for power is an important personality trait for an upper-level manager.

Question 14

Organizational culture reflects the distinctive ways in which organization members relate to one another and work together.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about managers who are low on extraversion?

A)They tend to experience positive moods and emotions frequently.
B)They are friendly, affectionate, and highly social.
C)They are highly ineffective and inefficient in jobs that require little social interaction.
D)They view the world and their life with little optimism.
E)They always feel good about themselves and other people.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about managers who are high on extraversion?

A)They have a less optimistic outlook on life.
B)They tend to feel good about themselves and other people.
C)They are socially inept and avoid interacting with other people.
D)They are ineffective in situations which call for high levels of social interaction.
E)They tend to be less outgoing and friendly than other people.

Question 17

Glenn is an effective and efficient manager.He, however, tends to be pessimistic and avoids social interactions.This implies that Glenn is low in

A)extraversion.
B)negative affectivity.
C)organizational commitment.
D)introversion.
E)conscientiousness.

Question 18

Successful managers who take chances and use new methods in their planning and decision-making are likely low on openness to experience.

Question 19

Turnovers of managers can hurt an organization because it results in the loss of the managers' experience and knowledge.

Question 20

The need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.

Question 21

According to McClelland, the need for ________ is the extent to which people have strong desires to perform challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence.

A)affiliation
B)achievement
C)power
D)acceptance
E)solidarity

Question 22

_____ is an example of an instrumental value.

A)Self-discipline
B)Security
C)Prosperity
D)Equality
E)Inner-harmony

Question 23

According to McClelland, the need for ________ is the extent to which a person is concerned with being liked and having others get along well with one another.

A)power
B)control
C)independence
D)achievement
E)affiliation

Question 24

_____ is the tendency to be highly critical of oneself and of others.

A)Agreeableness
B)Extraversion
C)Negative affectivity
D)Affiliation
E)Openness to experience

Question 25

Sandra, an employee of Silver Stone Inc., is extremely ambitious and insists on working on important projects by herself.According to McClelland, she has a high need for

A)affiliation.
B)power.
C)agreeableness.
D)socialization.
E)achievement.

Question 26

A(n) _____ value is a personal belief or opinion about lifelong goals or objectives.

A)terminal
B)instrumental
C)extrinsic
D)nominal
E)corporate

Question 27

A manager who is organized and self-disciplined is

A)high on conscientiousness.
B)low on competence.
C)low on perseverance.
D)high on negligence.
E)low on determination.

Question 28

People with an internal locus of control

A)believe that outside forces are responsible for events in their life.
B)do not make attempts to solve problems or change situations.
C)tend to be highly unethical and unhelpful.
D)believe that they are responsible for their own fate.
E)believe that their actions make no difference to the events around them.

Question 29

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

A)contentedness
B)salvation
C)social recognition
D)responsibility
E)freedom

Question 30

Which of the following is true about value systems?

A)They are the terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles in an individual's life.
B)They are reward systems that encourage valued employees to set high standards for themselves.
C)They highlight valuable contributions employees have made toward organizations in the past.
D)They are the rules valued by organizations by which employees are expected to abide.
E)They are the personality traits of employees valued by organizations.

Question 31

A(n) _____ value is a personal belief or opinion about desired modes of conduct or ways of behaving.

A)terminal
B)strategic
C)nominal
D)extrinsic
E)instrumental

Question 32

Kenneth, the CEO of Dewberry Inc., is very particular about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations with his employees.He also has high standards for personal excellence and works hard to accomplish his goals.According to McClelland, this indicates that Kenneth has a

A)high need for power and low need for affiliation.
B)high need for control and low need for affiliation.
C)high need for power and low need for achievement.
D)high need for affiliation and high need for achievement.
E)low need for power and low need for achievement.

Question 33

Which of the following is a terminal value?

A)ambition
B)honesty
C)freedom
D)courage
E)responsibility

Question 34

Emily is seldom in a bad mood and is always optimistic about herself and others.It can be said that Emily is low on

A)negative affectivity.
B)agreeableness.
C)affiliation.
D)positive affectivity.
E)extraversion.

Question 35

According to McClelland, the need for ______ is the extent to which a person has a strong desire to control and to influence others.

A)affiliation
B)agreeableness
C)power
D)conscientiousness
E)achievement

Question 36

Jim has been employed at Fortis Services for nearly 15 years.Which of the following statements, if true, would imply that Jim is low on openness to experience?

A)Jim is known for being unconventional and daring in his business plans.
B)Jim is never conservative in his decision-making approaches.
C)Jim often comes up with and implements radical ideas.
D)Jim is not open to a wide range of stimuli.
E)Jim does not have narrow, conservative interests.

Question 37

Which of the following is true about people with high self-esteem?

A)They are frequently unsure of themselves.
B)They are insecure and often feel incompetent.
C)They believe that they are capable of handling most situations.
D)They are timid and are afraid to take on new tasks.
E)They have low confidence in their abilities and understanding.

Question 38

People with an external locus of control

A)believe that outside forces are responsible for what happens to and around them.
B)believe that their actions always make a difference.
C)believe that they themselves are responsible for the events in their life.
D)tend to solve problems easily.
E)tend to be highly ethical and extremely helpful.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about norms?

A)They are standards for personal excellence set by people with a high need for achievement.
B)They are formalized codes of conduct that govern the behavior of employees in corporate organizations.
C)They are ever-changing rules that govern the daily activities of organizations.
D)They are unwritten codes of conduct considered important by most members of a group.
E)They are laws set down by the government that affect the way nongovernmental organizations function.

Question 40

Donna is an efficient manager who is on very good terms with her employees.She is known for taking risks and being innovative in her planning and decision making.Which of the following statements is true about Donna?

A)She is high on introversion.
B)She is low on agreeableness.
C)She is high on openness to experience.
D)She is low on positive affectivity.
E)She is low on conscientiousness.

Question 41

Which of the following is true about moods and emotions?

A)Moods last longer than emotions.
B)Emotions last longer than moods.
C)Changes in mood do not affect judgment.
D)Changes in emotion do not affect judgment.
E)Moods and emotions do not influence each other.

Question 42

Which of the following statements demonstrates that Jonathan, the general manager of Dawson and Co., has low emotional intelligence?

A)He has no trouble handling his own moods.
B)He is able to understand the challenges and frustrations faced by his employees.
C)He cannot identify or interpret the moods of his employees.
D)His emotions seldom interfere with his decision making.
E)His ability to empathize with his employees creates strong interpersonal ties.

Question 43

Organizational commitment can be defined as

A)the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole.
B)the process by which individuals internalize the values and expectations of an organization.
C)the training received by newcomers which teaches them the norms of the organization.
D)the collection of terminal and instrumental values that are held by an organization.
E)the rites of passage that determine how individuals enter, advance within, and leave organizations.

Question 44

People who are high on extraversion are especially likely to experience

A)fear.
B)hostility.
C)distress.
D)enthusiasm.
E)nervousness.

Question 45

When people belong to the same organization, they tend to share certain beliefs and values that lead them to act in similar ways.This is known as

A)organizational socialization.
B)organizational culture.
C)emotional intelligence.
D)conscientiousness.
E)emotional integration.

Question 46

_____ values help explain what managers are striving to achieve in their organizations and what they will focus their efforts on.

A)Terminal
B)Nominal
C)Strategic
D)Instrumental
E)Extrinsic

Question 47

_____ are intense and relatively short-lived feelings.

A)Moods
B)Emotions
C)Attitudes
D)Norms
E)Values

Question 48

The attraction-selection-attrition framework suggests that the founders of organizations tend to be attracted to and select employees

A)with similar educational qualifications.
B)with diverse interests and skills.
C)whose personalities are similar to theirs.
D)whose need for power is high.
E)whose need for achievement is low.

Question 49

Which of the following is true about people who are high on negative affectivity?

A)They experience positive moods frequently.
B)They are very optimistic and friendly.
C)They are incapable of feeling happy.
D)They experience negative moods frequently.
E)They are incapable of being pessimistic.

Question 50

Tony is a manager with the ability to understand and gauge the moods and feelings of his employees with little difficulty.Tony displays high

A)emotional intelligence.
B)negative affectivity.
C)organizational socialization.
D)introversion.
E)organizational integration.

Question 51

Which of the following statements demonstrates that Amanda, the general manager of Waterworks Ltd., has high emotional intelligence?

A)She has trouble handling her own moods satisfactorily.
B)She is able to interpret the moods of her employees with no difficulty.
C)She cannot identify or manage the moods of her employees.
D)Her emotions often interfere with her decision making.
E)She cannot understand the frustrations and challenges her employees sometimes face.

Question 52

Which of the following employees exhibits organizational citizenship behavior?

A)Gary: An efficient manager who doesn't work beyond the minimum hours stipulated by his company
B)Morgan: An efficient manager who, as a matter of principle, never consents to work on weekends
C)Kelly: A hardworking employee who is willing to work overtime for her company if a project necessitates it
D)Sam: An astute employee who is always on the lookout for better jobs
E)Vivian: An agreeable manager with a high need for affiliation and a low need for achievement

Question 53

Job _____ is the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs.

A)affiliation
B)satisfaction
C)agreeability
D)acceptance
E)evaluation

Question 54

_____ helps managers maintain their enthusiasm and confidence and energize subordinates to help the organization attain its goals.

A)Negative affectivity
B)Introversion
C)An external locus of control
D)A high need for power
E)Emotional intelligence

Question 55

George is an efficient and effective manager who has a hard time managing his own moods and understanding those of his employees.This shows that he is low on

A)introversion.
B)conscientiousness.
C)negative affectivity.
D)emotional intelligence.
E)organizational citizenship behavior.

Question 56

People who are high on negative affectivity are especially likely to experience

A)enthusiasm.
B)elation.
C)distress.
D)satisfaction.
E)contentment.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about organizational commitment?

A)It is the process by which individuals enter, advance within, and leave organizations.
B)It helps managers perform their figurehead and spokesperson roles.
C)It is of the same intensity across all countries and is unaffected by sociocultural factors.
D)It is the process by which newcomers internalize an organization's values and norms.
E)It contributes little toward the formation of a strong organizational culture.

Question 58

Which of the following is true about emotions?

A)Emotions have no effect on moods.
B)Emotions persist over long periods of time.
C)Emotions that have been dealt with never linger.
D)Emotions may play important roles in ethical decision making.
E)Emotions do not affect judgment.

Question 59

_____ reflects the distinctive ways in which organization members perform their jobs and relate to others inside and outside the organization.

A)Organizational culture
B)Emotional intelligence
C)Organizational control
D)Negative affectivity
E)Conscientiousness

Question 60

In what way do moods differ from emotions?

A)Unlike emotions, moods are extremely intense and are directly linked to a cause.
B)Unlike emotions, moods do not affect ethical decision making.
C)Unlike moods, emotions are relatively short-lived.
D)Unlike moods, emotions never linger after being dealt with.
E)Unlike moods, emotions can result in increased creativity, whether positive or negative.

Question 61

Organizational _____ is the process by which newcomers internalize an organization's values and norms and behave in accordance with them.

A)commitment
B)socialization
C)attribution
D)extrication
E)enhancement

Question 62

_____ values signify what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish.

A)Instrumental
B)Terminal
C)Intrinsic
D)Nominal
E)Extrinsic

Question 63

Michael was working with two of his colleagues to create a new marketing plan for his company's new product.The team was scheduled to meet with their manager on Monday to present the plan, but the plan wasn't final when the team met with the manager.Instead of accepting any responsibility, Michael told the manager that the plan was not final because the profile of the geographical area was inaccurate.Michael's view of the situation is an example of

A)external locus of control.
B)internal locus of control.
C)high self-esteem.
D)tolerance of failure.
E)need for affiliation.

Question 64

Rites of _____ build and reinforce common bonds among organization members.

A)passage
B)integration
C)advancement
D)enhancement
E)acceptance

Question 65

Which of the following rites of an organization prepare people for promotion or retirement?

A)rites of passage
B)rites of integration
C)rites of inclusion
D)rites of acceptance
E)rites of enhancement

Question 66

Collin works for a printing company in a small community.Recently, the local newspaper published an article about the company's history and recent growth.Several employees were credited in the article for their contributions in the company's success.This is an example of a(n) _____ rite.

A)passage
B)integration
C)initiation
D)affiliation
E)enhancement

Question 67

Which of the following is true about managers in conservative cultures?

A)They lead by example, encouraging their employees to take risks.
B)They are likely to try to create a flat, organic structure.
C)They constantly monitor the progress of their employees.
D)They are flexible and encourage creativity.
E)They decentralize authority so that employees can work together easily.

Question 68

Why can hiring people through the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) framework be disadvantageous?

A)Like-minded employees have difficulty offering fresh perspective.
B)Like-minded employees prefer working in dynamic ever-changing environments.
C)Like-minded employees do not have an external locus of control.
D)Like-mindedness prevents the emergence of a dominant personality profile.
E)Like-minded employees are the least likely to stay in an organization for a long period of time.

Question 69

An organization which considers and analyzes the ideas and suggestions of all employees regardless of their hierarchical position has a(n) _____ culture.

A)strong
B)innovative
C)conservative
D)traditional
E)instrumental

Question 70

Kristin is a real estate agent.She has an outgoing and friendly personality, and she has strong networking skills which helps her gain referred clients.Kristin builds a rapport with her clients and they are very satisfied because she is sensitive to their needs.This implies that Kristin is high on

A)extraversion.
B)openness to experience.
C)conscientiousness.
D)agreeableness.
E)intraversion.

Question 71

In a(n) _____ culture, managers are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to take risks and experiment.

A)formal
B)instrumental
C)innovative
D)hierarchical
E)conservative

Question 72

_____ is the tendency to experience negative emotions and moods.

A)Extraversion
B)Agreeableness
C)Negative affectivity
D)Affiliation
E)Openness to experience

Question 73

New employees in an organization are sometimes put through a training period where they are familiarized with the organization as a whole.This process is also called

A)organizational facilitation.
B)organizational socialization.
C)organizational attribution.
D)organizational enhancement.
E)organizational commitment.

Question 74

The U.S.Army develops socialization programs to determine how individuals enter, advance within, and leave the organization.This is a rite of _____.

A)passage
B)integration
C)celebration
D)ceremony
E)enhancement

Question 75

Matthew is a district manager for a health insurance company.Recent reports summarized that Matthew's district was not performing as well as other districts in his region.Matthew thinks he has been a poor leader and blames himself for the decline in performance in his district.Matthew's view of the situation is an example of

A)tolerance of failure.
B)low self-esteem.
C)need for affiliation.
D)external locus of control.
E)internal locus of control.

Question 76

The __________ framework is the model developed to explain the role that founders' personal characteristics play in determining organizational culture.

A)avoidance-selection-attribution
B)attraction-selection-attrition
C)aptitude-strategy-attitude
D)ability-skills-attitude
E)attitude-socialization-assimilation

Question 77

A(n) _____ is what a person is striving to achieve in life and how they want to behave.

A)terminal value
B)value system
C)instrumental value
D)attitude
E)need for affiliation

Question 78

In a(n) _____ culture, managers are likely to establish clear reporting relationships with their employees and constantly monitor subordinates.

A)conservative
B)traditional
C)strong
D)innovative
E)hierarchical

Question 79

Managers in a(n) _____ culture are likely to establish clear reporting relationships so employees know exactly whom to report to and how to react to any problems that arise.

A)instrumental
B)formal
C)innovative
D)terminal
E)conservative

Question 80

Becky is a sales representative for Lasco Car Master, a car dealership.Lasco reinforces the organization's values and norms through bonding members of the organization at quarterly regional meetings.Last year at a national conference, Beck received an award for best salesperson of the year.This is an example of a(n) _____ rite.

A)passage
B)integration
C)celebration
D)enhancement
E)ceremony