Deck 21: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Question 1

Which letter corresponds to the regolith in the following picture?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

A) hydrolysis
B) hydration
C) oxidation
D) dissolution

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What type of weathering has created the onion-like layers in the rocks in the below picture?

A) jointing
B) hydration
C) dissolution
D) oxidation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sediment formation is the result of __________ at the Earth's surface.

A) igneous activity
B) metamorphic activity
C) weathering
D) hydration

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the term sediment?

A) loose fragments of rocks and minerals broken off bedrock or precipitated from water
B) blocks of bedrock separated by large fractures
C) dissolved chemical constituents in groundwater and surface waters
D) modified bedrock that can support the growth of vegetation and other organisms

Question 6

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

A) hydrolysis
B) frost wedging
C) salt wedging
D) dissolution

Question 7

The accumulation of sediments that are found on top of the Earth's bedrock is known as

A) hydrosphere.
B) soil.
C) cover.
D) horizons.

Question 8

Dissolution occurs when minerals

A) are dissolved into water.
B) are turned into rust.
C) absorb water and expand.
D) are removed by frost.

Question 9

Which types of minerals are most likely to experience oxidation during chemical weathering?

A) evaporite minerals such as halite
B) carbonate minerals such as calcite and aragonite
C) silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar
D) iron minerals such as biotite and pyrite

Question 10

What type of phenomenon is demonstrated by the vertical lines in this picture?

A) jointing
B) exfoliation
C) chemical weathering
D) hydration

Question 11

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.

A) hydration
B) dissolution
C) jointing
D) frost wedging

Question 12

Hydration occurs when minerals

A) are dissolved into water.
B) are turned into rust.
C) absorb water and expand.
D) are removed by frost.

Question 13

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

A) Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering.
B) Physical weathering produces more surface area for chemical weathering to attack.
C) Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones.
D) Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging.

Question 14

Why does differential weathering occur?

A) Chemical weathering attacks some layers,and physical weathering attacks the others.
B) The cliffs formed by chemical weathering protect the rocks below.
C) Some types of rocks don't weather at all,thus producing cliffs.
D) Different minerals have different resistances to weathering.

Question 15

What type of weathering has produced the honeycomb-like features shown in the following photo?

A) salt wedging
B) frost wedging
C) dissolution
D) hydration

Question 16

Weathering results in

A) larger,less-rounded pieces.
B) larger,more-rounded pieces.
C) smaller,less-rounded pieces.
D) smaller,more-rounded pieces.

Question 17

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to

A) mechanical breakdown of rock.
B) baking in the hot sun.
C) interaction with ice.
D) interaction with water or air.

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?

A) rocks breaking apart into smaller pieces along joints and other fractures
B) minerals in bedrock dissolving into stream water
C) minerals in bedrock reacting with oxygen in rainwater
D) slowly adding water into certain minerals' structure

Question 19

Differential weathering occurs when

A) none of the layers weather at all.
B) layers of rock weather at the same rate.
C) layers of rock weather at different rates.
D) weathering occurs in the tropics.

Question 20

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring near an ocean?

A) dissolution
B) thermal expansion
C) salt wedging
D) root wedging

Question 21

What are some differences and similarities between physical and chemical weathering? Make sure to address both what is the same and what is different.

Question 22

The zone of leaching is the area in which

A) weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon.
B) organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon.
C) minerals are precipitated and added to soil.
D) minerals are dissolved and removed from soil.

Question 23

Describe the difference between sediment and soil.

Question 24

Climate,substrate,slope,time,and organisms are all factors that influence _______.

A) mountain uplift
B) soil formation
C) sediment color
D) regolith temperature

Question 25

List one factor that controls the thickness of soil and describe how this factor controls soil thickness.

Question 26

Describe how physical and chemical weathering can work together to break down rocks.

Question 27

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

A) A
B) O
C) B
D) E

Question 28

Label the different soil horizons on the image below,then provide a brief description of each horizon next to the corresponding layer.

Question 29

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has NOT yet undergone leaching?

A) O
B) C
C) E
D) B

Question 30

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s is an example of what hazard to soils and the roles they play in society?

A) soil accumulation
B) soil erosion
C) soil percolation
D) soil leaching