Question 1

The accumulation of sediments that are found on top of the Earth's bedrock is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrosphere. 
B)  soil. 
C)  cover. 
D)  horizons. 
A)  hydrosphere. 
B)  soil. 
C)  cover. 
D)  horizons. C

Question 2

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering. 
B)  Physical weathering produces more surface area for chemical weathering to attack. 
C)  Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones. 
D)  Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging. 
A)  Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering. 
B)  Physical weathering produces more surface area for chemical weathering to attack. 
C)  Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones. 
D)  Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging. B

Question 3

Which letter corresponds to the regolith in the following picture?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D B

Question 4

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical breakdown of rock. 
B)  baking in the hot sun. 
C)  interaction with ice. 
D)  interaction with water or air. 
A)  mechanical breakdown of rock. 
B)  baking in the hot sun. 
C)  interaction with ice. 
D)  interaction with water or air.

Question 5

Differential weathering occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  none of the layers weather at all. 
B)  layers of rock weather at the same rate. 
C)  layers of rock weather at different rates. 
D)  weathering occurs in the tropics. 
A)  none of the layers weather at all. 
B)  layers of rock weather at the same rate. 
C)  layers of rock weather at different rates. 
D)  weathering occurs in the tropics.

Question 6

Sediment formation is the result of __________ at the Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  igneous activity 
B)  metamorphic activity 
C)  weathering 
D)  hydration 
A)  igneous activity 
B)  metamorphic activity 
C)  weathering 
D)  hydration

Question 7

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis 
B)  frost wedging 
C)  salt wedging 
D)  dissolution 
A)  hydrolysis 
B)  frost wedging 
C)  salt wedging 
D)  dissolution

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the term sediment?

Accepted Answer

A)  loose fragments of rocks and minerals broken off bedrock or precipitated from water 
B)  blocks of bedrock separated by large fractures 
C)  dissolved chemical constituents in groundwater and surface waters 
D)  modified bedrock that can support the growth of vegetation and other organisms 
A)  loose fragments of rocks and minerals broken off bedrock or precipitated from water 
B)  blocks of bedrock separated by large fractures 
C)  dissolved chemical constituents in groundwater and surface waters 
D)  modified bedrock that can support the growth of vegetation and other organisms

Question 9

List one factor that controls the thickness of soil and describe how this factor controls soil thickness.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but may include the fo

Question 10

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  O 
C)  B 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  O 
C)  B 
D)  E

Question 11

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis 
B)  hydration 
C)  oxidation 
D)  dissolution 
A)  hydrolysis 
B)  hydration 
C)  oxidation 
D)  dissolution

Question 12

Describe the difference between sediment and soil.

Accepted Answer

Sediment consists of loose broken rock,m

Question 13

Describe how physical and chemical weathering can work together to break down rocks.

Accepted Answer

If a rock is broken apart mechanically,t

Question 14

The zone of leaching is the area in which

Accepted Answer

A)  weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon. 
B)  organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon. 
C)  minerals are precipitated and added to soil. 
D)  minerals are dissolved and removed from soil. 
A)  weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon. 
B)  organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon. 
C)  minerals are precipitated and added to soil. 
D)  minerals are dissolved and removed from soil.

Question 15

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has NOT yet undergone leaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  O 
B)  C 
C)  E 
D)  B 
A)  O 
B)  C 
C)  E 
D)  B

Question 16

Which types of minerals are most likely to experience oxidation during chemical weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporite minerals such as halite 
B)  carbonate minerals such as calcite and aragonite 
C)  silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar 
D)  iron minerals such as biotite and pyrite 
A)  evaporite minerals such as halite 
B)  carbonate minerals such as calcite and aragonite 
C)  silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar 
D)  iron minerals such as biotite and pyrite

Question 17

Weathering results in

Accepted Answer

A)  larger,less-rounded pieces. 
B)  larger,more-rounded pieces. 
C)  smaller,less-rounded pieces. 
D)  smaller,more-rounded pieces. 
A)  larger,less-rounded pieces. 
B)  larger,more-rounded pieces. 
C)  smaller,less-rounded pieces. 
D)  smaller,more-rounded pieces.

Question 18

Climate,substrate,slope,time,and organisms are all factors that influence _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mountain uplift 
B)  soil formation 
C)  sediment color 
D)  regolith temperature 
A)  mountain uplift 
B)  soil formation 
C)  sediment color 
D)  regolith temperature

Question 19

What are some differences and similarities between physical and chemical weathering? Make sure to address both what is the same and what is different.

Accepted Answer

Physical and chemical weathering both wo

Question 20

What type of phenomenon is demonstrated by the vertical lines in this picture?

Accepted Answer

A)  jointing 
B)  exfoliation 
C)  chemical weathering 
D)  hydration 
A)  jointing 
B)  exfoliation 
C)  chemical weathering 
D)  hydration

Exam 21: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The accumulation of sediments that are found on top of the Earth's bedrock is known as

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

Which letter corresponds to the regolith in the following picture?

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to

Differential weathering occurs when

Sediment formation is the result of __________ at the Earth's surface.

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

Which of the following best describes the term sediment?

List one factor that controls the thickness of soil and describe how this factor controls soil thickness.

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

Describe the difference between sediment and soil.

Describe how physical and chemical weathering can work together to break down rocks.

The zone of leaching is the area in which

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has NOT yet undergone leaching?

Which types of minerals are most likely to experience oxidation during chemical weathering?

Weathering results in

Climate,substrate,slope,time,and organisms are all factors that influence _______.

What are some differences and similarities between physical and chemical weathering? Make sure to address both what is the same and what is different.

What type of phenomenon is demonstrated by the vertical lines in this picture?

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of the Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

The Rock Cycle

The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: And Just What is Geology?

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