Deck 11: An Urban World

Question 1

Which one of the following types of employees is most representative of a basic worker?

A)city government official
B)grocery store clerk
C)steel worker
D)subway conductor

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the competitive bidding for urban land,

A)the most accessible parcels command the highest price.
B)land rents are uniform throughout the urban area.
C)all potential bidders have equal rent paying ability.
D)schools,parks,and civic buildings must also participate in the bidding process.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In central place theory,threshold refers to

A)the number of people in a central place.
B)the minimum number of consumers necessary for the supply of a product or service.
C)the number of people in a hinterland region.
D)the population of a central place multiplied by the per capita income of the place.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the competitive bidding for land,which type of use usually obtains the most accessible sites?

A)commercial
B)industrial
C)single-family residential
D)multiple-family residential

Question 5

The continuously built-up landscape with no reference to the political boundaries that limit the legal city of which it is the extension is called the

A)central city.
B)urbanized area.
C)Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
D)metropolitan area.

Question 6

Population density in U.S.central cities is

A)greatest at the center and gradually decreases toward the suburbs.
B)gradually increases from the center to the suburbs.
C)low at the center,highest in the zone just outside the center,and decreases gradually toward the suburbs.
D)relatively uniform and related to economic base.

Question 7

The estimated urban share of the world population today is approximately

A)25 percent.
B)50 percent.
C)75 percent.
D)90 percent.

Question 8

Social areas of large,complex American and Canadian cities show residential segregation based upon

A)social status,income,and ethnicity.
B)educational levels,family status,and ethnicity.
C)race,income status,and family status.
D)social status,family status,and ethnicity.

Question 9

Central place theory assumes

A)everyday goods such as groceries have a low threshold while specialized goods have a larger threshold.
B)there is a decline in land values with increasing distance from the peak value intersection.
C)that the rural population is unevenly dispersed.
D)that people have different tastes,demands,and incomes in different places.

Question 10

All of the following statements about primate cities are true EXCEPT that they

A)are often the national capital.
B)are more than twice as large as the second largest city in the country.
C)are located close to the geographic center of the country.
D)attract low-income migrants from rural areas.

Question 11

In the social area analysis of cities,social status is based on all the following factors EXCEPT

A)education.
B)occupation.
C)race/ethnicity.
D)income.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding basic and nonbasic activities is true?

A)The percentage of jobs in the basic sector tends to decrease as the size of the city increases.
B)Basic activities must occur in the central business district.
C)Nonbasic activities are heavily dependent upon rail and barge transportation.
D)Non-basic activities bring in money from outside the town.

Question 13

The main shopping and financial heart of a city is called the

A)concentric zone.
B)Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
C)central business district.
D)point of accessibility.

Question 14

The basic sector of an urban area's economy consists of

A)the activities that bring in money from outside the area.
B)its schools and city government.
C)an efficient transportation system.
D)retail functions that serve local customers.

Question 15

According to the concentric zone model,land uses are arranged in which order,moving outward from the center of the city?

A)CBD,zone of transition,zone of industrial workers,commuter zone,zone of better residences
B)zone of industrial workers,zone of transition,zone of better residences,CBD,commuter zone
C)CBD,zone of transition,zone of industrial workers,zone of better residences,commuter zone
D)CBD,zone of industrial workers,zone of transition,zone of better residences,commuter zone

Question 16

The movement of middle-class people to deteriorated portions of the inner city and restoration of deteriorated housing is called

A)displacement.
B)exurbanization.
C)gentrification.
D)homelessness.

Question 17

The multiplier effect means that

A)new non-basic jobs will generate additional basic jobs.
B)new basic jobs will generate additional non-basic jobs.
C)service sector jobs will replace manufacturing sector jobs.
D)regardless of city size,there is a constant ratio of basic to non-basic jobs.

Question 18

Central place theory assumes

A)consumers will purchase goods and services from the nearest store.
B)demand for goods and services is insatiable.
C)only motor transport is available.
D)the terrain includes mountains and valleys.

Question 19

Central place theory predicts all of the following EXCEPT

A)there will be more small towns than larger towns.
B)larger towns will have larger market areas than smaller towns.
C)towns of the same size will be evenly spaced.
D)all towns and cities offer the same products and services.

Question 20

The rank-size rule tells us that the fourth largest urban area in a region will be _______________ the size of the largest urban area.

A)one-quarter
B)one-half
C)one-eighth
D)twice

Question 21

What is the name used to describe a city with over 10 million in population?

A)Suburban metropolis
B)Metropolitan area
C)Megalopolis
D)Megacity

Question 22

Compared to U.S.settlements,Canadian urban areas of equal population size tend to

A)be less compact.
B)have fewer apartments in the CBD.
C)have less public transportation.
D)have a higher population density.

Question 23

World cities are noted for their

A)nationally prominent financial activities.
B)control over international production and marketing.
C)place at the top of high-density metropolitan areas.
D)economic and social complexity.

Question 24

Which of the following areas of the world reflects the greatest dominance of the automobile in shaping the land use of cities?

A)Europe
B)East Asia
C)United States
D)Latin America

Question 25

Zoning regulations serve all of the following legitimate purposes EXCEPT

A)to provide for the creation in appropriate locations of government buildings.
B)to exclude undesirable land uses,such as waste disposal sites,from residential neighborhoods.
C)to insure homogeneity of ethnicity in keeping with already existing neighborhood characteristics.
D)to provide land for certain private uses,such as shopping centers.

Question 26

A common locational feature associated with the growth of large cities is

A)a location in the deep interior of continents,in accordance with the heartland theory.
B)a location north of the 60^th parallel.
C)a break-in-bulk location.
D)great distances from hubs of transportation routes.

Question 27

In what part of the world do cities commonly have a historic core area contained within the remains of walls and a greenbelt on the periphery?

A)Asia
B)Latin America
C)Europe
D)Africa

Question 28

All of the following fostered suburbanization after World War II in the United States EXCEPT

A)major improvements to public transit systems.
B)construction of the interstate highway system.
C)pent-up housing demand created during World War II.
D)suburbanization of industry in the 1970s and 1980s.

Question 29

In general,which of these units has the largest area?

A)urbanized area
B)metropolitan area
C)suburbs
D)central city

Question 30

A city has a total of 200,000 workers,with 100,000 engaged in nonbasic activities.What is the basic/nonbasic ratio?

A)1: 1
B)1: 2
C)2: 1
D)1: 1.5

Question 31

Gentrification is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A)restoration of deteriorated housing and rising property values in the inner-city.
B)displacement of poor residents of the inner-city.
C)accessibility to high-tech and executive jobs.
D)rearing children.

Question 32

The three most dominant world cities are

A)New York,Paris,Shanghai.
B)Tokyo,Mexico City,Mumbai (Bombay).
C)London,Tokyo,New York.
D)Los Angeles,Tokyo,Berlin.

Question 33

The urban share of the total population is highest in

A)China.
B)India.
C)Africa.
D)North America and Latin America.

Question 34

Land use types,in order of increasing land values per unit of land,are

A)residential,commercial,and agricultural.
B)commercial,industrial,and residential.
C)agricultural,residential,and commercial.
D)residential,agricultural,and commercial.

Question 35

The three largest metropolitan areas in the U.S.listed in order are

A)New York,Los Angeles,and Chicago.
B)New York,Los Angeles,and Miami.
C)Los Angeles,New York,and Boston.
D)Los Angeles,New York,and San Francisco.

Question 36

Manufacturing cities in the United States are most heavily concentrated in the

A)Northeast to Midwest.
B)Pacific Coast.
C)South.
D)Great Plains.

Question 37

The three largest cities in the world in 2007,listed in order,were

A)New York,London,and Tokyo.
B)Tokyo,Delhi,and Mumbai.
C)Mexico City,New York,and Los Angeles.
D)Tokyo,Mexico City,and New York.

Question 38

Before the middle part of the nineteenth century,all major cities in the United States were located adjacent to

A)major airports.
B)railroads.
C)paved highways.
D)navigable waterways.

Question 39

According to Christaller's model of central places,towns are surrounded by

A)circular shaped trade areas.
B)square shaped trade areas.
C)pentagonal shaped trade areas.
D)hexagonal shaped trade areas.

Question 40

Central place theory is concerned with

A)the relation between site and topographic features.
B)the location,size,and spacing of population centers.
C)the land use of major metropolitan areas.
D)land uses in central areas of cities.

Question 41

In the past decade,the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the U.S.were located in the traditional manufacturing belt.

Question 42

The majority of new arrivals in Third World cities settle in impoverished squatter districts.

Question 43

Both the concentric zone and sector models assume cities grow and develop outward from a single core.

Question 44

Models of urban structure are universal and can be applied to cities in diverse world regions.

Question 45

Although suburbanization has resulted in residential dispersion,the central city has remained the employment focus of the suburban population.

Question 46

Energy conservation and environmental sustainability requires that

A)Urban areas' housing becomes less dense
B)Walking cities are created
C)Mass-transit to older suburbs is increased
D)There is a return to rural environments

Question 47

Gentrification is the rehabilitation of housing in the oldest and now deteriorated inner-city areas by middle and high income groups.

Question 48

The major variables responsible for shaping internal land use patterns of cities are

A)Accessibility,competitive markets,non-basic activities
B)Transportation technologies,competitive markets,accessibility
C)Basic activities,non-basic activities,the rank-size rule
D)Government land acquisition,accessibility,river systems

Question 49

Situation refers to the relative location of a settlement.

Question 50

With their greater land mass,Canadian cities tend to be more spread out than U.S.cities of equal size.

Question 51

According to the economic basic model,all jobs are equal when it comes to fostering growth of the city.

Question 52

As a city increases in size,service worker numbers increase more rapidly than do basic workers.

Question 53

The highest value land in urban areas is occupied by upper-income residential uses.

Question 54

The urbanized area is defined by structural and population densities,not by legal boundaries.

Question 55

Large nodes of industrial,office,and retail activities at the margins of urban areas in the U.S.are called edge cities.

Question 56

Which of the following U.S.cities has no zoning regulations?

A)Miami
B)Dallas
C)Houston
D)Phoenix

Question 57

Christaller's central place theory is better able to predict the size and spacing of towns in an agricultural region than in a mining region.

Question 58

In contrast to U.S.cities of the same size,Canadian cities are

A)Less compact
B)More suburbanized
C)More densely settled
D)Lower in building density

Question 59

The urban influence zone is inversely proportional to a city's size.

Question 60

Cities are growing particularly rapidly in Asia and Africa mainly because of

A)The great migration from urban to rural environments
B)People flocking to cities seeking a better life
C)The transition to a commercial agricultural economy from one of industrialization
D)Lower fertility rates that make it difficult for agricultural areas to feed its population

Question 61

Discuss why a city government might encourage gentrification and why some citizens might oppose it

Question 62

What is the term that refers to the largest city in a country if its population is more than twice that of the second largest city?

Question 63

Young adult males constitute the majority of poor people.

Question 64

On an idealized plain of uniform agricultural potential,a regular pattern of central places will presumably emerge.Discuss the features of that pattern,including size,spacing,and functional hierarchies of central places.

Question 65

Zoning and subdivision regulations in the United States have been used to exclude undesirable uses such as apartments and low-income housing from upper-income areas.

Question 66

Describe how social status,family status,and ethnicity are spatially distributed throughout the typical North American city

Question 67

What is the term that refers to a city over 10 million in population?

Question 68

Many of the largest urban areas in the world are primate cities.

Question 69

Briefly summarize the recurring pattern of land use arrangements and population densities within the industrial cities developed during the mass-transit era.Discuss the factors that led to the creation of that pattern.

Question 70

The gentrification process is predicted by the concentric ring model of urban structure.

Question 71

The land use patterns of the older,eastern U.S.mass transit central cities were fully replicated in the 20^th century urban centers of the Sun Belt.

Question 72

What is the term referring to the expected addition of nonbasic workers and their dependents that accompanies new basic employment

Question 73

Compare and contrast the urbanizing forces and the land use patterns of cities within the developed and the developing world

Question 74

The multiplier effect predicts the new land use requirements resulting from growth in urban population.

Question 75

What is the term used by social scientists to refer to the part of the city popularly called downtown?

Question 76

Compare and contrast general city form in two of the following regions: North America,Western Europe,Eastern Europe,Latin America,Asia,and Africa.

Question 77

In developing countries,the rich are most apt to live close to the city center.

Question 78

Since 1970,suburbanization and gentrification processes have made the entire metropolitan area homogeneous in socioeconomic characteristics.

Question 79

Most of the megacities,with population over ten million each,can be found in Europe and North America.

Question 80

What is the term that refers to the group of most dominant cities in terms of corporate headquarters,stock exchanges,financial services,and advanced services?